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Functional genomic and pharmacogenomic analysis of metabolic syndrome aspects
Krupková, Michaela ; Šeda, Ondřej (advisor) ; Haluzík, Martin (referee) ; Polák, Jan (referee)
Metabolic syndrome is a prevalent disease characterized by concurrent manifestation of insulin resistance, obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension and other hemodynamic and metabolic disorders. It has multifactorial type of inheritance and its resultant phenotype is determined by both environmental and genetic factors as well as their interactions. That is the main reason why comprehensive analysis of the genetic component of this syndrome is complicated in human population. Genetically designed experimental animal models are significant tools for analysis of genetic architecture of human complex conditions including the metabolic syndrome. The aim of this Thesis is utilization of functional and comparative genomic tools to uncover pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome aspects and their genetic determinants. We also studied pharmacogenetic interactions of these genetic determinants with drugs affecting particular components of the metabolic syndrome. Establishing and utilizing several genetically designed congenic rat strains, we undertook four different research projects focusing on pharmacogenetic interaction of all-trans retinoic acid and ondansetron with differential segment of rat chromosome 8, pharmacogenetic interaction of differential segment of rat chromosome 4 and dexamethasone, determining Plzf...
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The concept of beauty in Ficino's commentary De amore and its influence on Renaissance aesthetics
Polák, Ján ; Dykast, Roman (advisor) ; Dadejík, Ondřej (referee)
The aim of this study is to examine piece of work of Marsilio Ficino known as De amore according to the characteristic of author's life and work, and to demonstrate its influence on Renaissance aesthetic. The main motive of the writing that was composed as commentary of Plato's Symposion is the function of love in the cosmology inspired by neoplatonists, mainly Plotinus. Ficino's principal contribution to the Renaissance and modern thinking is translation and development of Plato's work including his conception of double love. This study summarizes Ficino's life and work, afterward it examines writing itself emphasizing aesthetic themes and then demonstrates the influence of Ficino's conception of love on selected works of Renaissance literature. The selection of texts exposes transformation of this conception from piece of work directly inspired by Ficino's theory passing through writing in which is this theory confronted with formal literary requirements to the texts demonstrating dominance of literary form over philosophical content. Keywords Marsilio Ficino*Renaissance Platonism*Renaissance aesthetic*platonic love
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Role of adipose tissue in the ethiopatogenesis of insulin resistance
Polák, Jan ; Štich, Vladimír (advisor) ; Hainer, Vojtěch (referee) ; Kazdová, Ludmila (referee) ; Rossmeisl, Martin (referee)
Adipose tissue is involved in etiopathogenesis of insulin resistance and subsequent metabolic disorders including type 2 diabetes mellitus and atherosclerosis. Mechanisms responsible for this association are investigated vigorously. One of the well accepted mechanisms linking excessive accummulation of adipose tissue with a development of insulin resistance are free fatty acids, which are released into circulation after hydrolysis of triglycerides stored in adipose tissue in a process of lipolysis. Impairments in a regulation of lipolysis are described in obese patients and lead to increased plasma level of free fatty acids and to impaired mobilisation of energy stores during exercise. In this PhD thesis, regulation of lipolysis in subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissuewas investigated using microdialysis technique. In the first paper we have observed that dysregulation in catecholamine-induced lipolysis and impaired insulin action in adipose tissue can be improved by dynamic-strength training in obese men. In the second study, we have demonstrated significant involvement of newly discovered lipolytic pathway mediated by atrial natriuretic peptide in lipolysis stimulation during exercise. Adipose tissue is producing several protein substances with regulatory and endocrine functions collectively named...
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Epidemiological characteristic of viral hepatitis A in the Czech Republic
Polák, Jan ; Kynčl, Jan (advisor)
The aim of theses is to describe epidemiological characteristics of viral hepatitis A (VHA) in Czech Republic. The identification of specifics related to an increase of VHA and the importance of prevention and spread of this disease is examined The focal point of increased incidence of VHA are specific high risks groups mainly drug users. The general decrease in VHA infections among populations at large results in an increasing number of people having no antibody against VHA. The identified groups then become significant sources of pools of new infections affecting the rest of healthy population having no immunity against VHA virus. The previous epidemics of VHA during the second half of 20th century show the importance of state legislations or local rules governing public hygiene. These include regular controls of food producers, retailers and sources of drinking water. These measures by state and local health inspectors are essential to prevent large scale outbreaks of VHA epidemics. The study puts heightened emphases on health precautions while traveling in countries with a high prevalence of VHA. The preventative measures against VHA virus are important because the specific treatment to cure an illness does not exist and susceptibility to become infected with a virus is high. The personal hygiene such...
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Adipokines (leptin and adiponectin) as predictors of weight loss and weight regain during one year period following the 10-week low caloric diet (NUGENOB study)
Drahoš, Jan ; Polák, Jan (advisor)
In the Czech republic, about 20% of women and 16% of men are obese. The key role in the etiology of obesity plays the imbalance between energy intake and expenditure, which is influenced by many factors, including leptin and adiponectin. Leptin is secreted mainly from adipocytes and it's levels increase with cell fat content and body fat percentage. Leptin itself is supposed to lead to weight loss, both by decreasing appetite and increasing energy expenditure. But high levels of leptin can be a signal of so called leptin resistance, a state in which leptin is losing it's effects. Adiponectin is secreted exclusively from adipose tissue. In obese people, lower levels of adiponectin were proven (i.e. adiponectin levels are in a negative correlation with body fat percentage). That's consistent with the fact that adiponectin is affecting a range of metabolic prosesses and thus improves insulin sensitivity and metabolic profile. For evaluation, we used a database of almost 750 subjects, that was build under the Nugenob study, conducted in 8 cities in 7 european countries. Al the participants were measured their anthropometric and biochemical parameters at the baseline and after 10 weeks of a standardized weight reduction program. The czech center retested the patient once again 1 year after the initial...
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Vliv struktury na diverzitu dřevinného patra nízkého lesa
Polák, Jan
The aim of this work was to find out how the change of the wood structure influences the diversity of woody plant of lowland woodland in the area of Saint Helena (Banat, Romania). At first professional literature focused on the given topic was studied and then summary about the target area was made. In the practical part particular indexes of diversity were calculated from gained data from the net of trial areas. Further it was analysed how this diversity of woody plant is changed in relation to the change of wood structure and how the influence is changed with the change of orientation and slope of downhill. It was showed that the structure and diversity of woody storey is significantly influenced by the type of husbandry and that this influence is bigger than environmental influence (slope, orientation, content of N).
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Local Action Group Rakovnicko and its importance for the regional development
POLÁK, Jan
The introduction of this thesis themed "Local Action Group Rakovnicko and its importance for the regional development" focuses on the questions of the beginning a development of European's cooperation. In context of entry Czech Republic into the European Union handles this thesis about the birth of native regional policy and actual conditions of pumping European funds. Separate theme is the meaning of method LEADER for the development of rural regions in the Czech conditions and community effort to establish the cooperation with private sector based on local partnership. The Local Action Group Rakovnicko tries to apply the mentioned method and forms for small communities needed background and conditions. The aim of this thesis is to create a project for small town of Jesenice, which is focused on the development of tourism.
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