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Gynecological care and reproductive health in female drug users
Englcová, Barbora ; Mravčík, Viktor (advisor) ; Drbohlavová, Barbora (referee)
Backrounds: Usage of addictive substances is a factor which affects the reproductive health of the female users, it affects their risky sexual behavior and fetus healthy development during pregnancy of drug using mothers. Pregnancy also represents a moment in their lifes which affects certain bio-psycho-social aspects forming the beginning of usage of substance abuse. Objectives: The aim of the research was to map a degree and paterns among problem female drug users and changes throughout pregnancy, map the risks of their sexual behavior and quality of their reproductive health, try to find out the availability of gynacology care for female drug users, the amount of care available before, through and after pregnancy. It also includes specific needs and factors affecting reproductive health. Methods and research group: A questionnaire survey of 25 problem female users based on consultations with them, all of them giving birth at least once, was carried out. The study took place at K-center Sananim, using a Field program Progressive, o.s. and around this facility and the place of field program using the "snow ball method". The questionnaire included 164 items in the following parts "Sociodemographic data", "Drug Use", "Risky sexual behavior and reproductive health", "Gynecologic care and barriers to...
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Conjoint inpatient treatment of pathological gambling and addiction syndrome: needs, experiences and attitudes of patients
Solfronková, Radka ; Vacek, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Mravčík, Viktor (referee)
Pathological gambling brings serious impacts on an individual, his or her surroundings and the society in the areas of economics, intellectual, physical and social health. In the Czech Republic about 40,000 - 80,000 adults are threatened by pathological gambling, however the actual amount of treated adults is only about 2.5 - 5% of the total year estimate. The reason behind this number can be the fact that in the Czech Repulic pathological gambling is treated together with substance addiction in most of the therapy centers. In the beginning of the theoretical part the concept of 'pathological gambling' is defined and the prevalence and the number of treated patients with the diagnosis of pathological gambling is shown along with the availability of electronic gaming devices in the Czech Republic and abroad. Furthermore, etiological context, pathogenesis, and some diagnostic aspects of pathological gambling are described. The theoretical part further compares pathological gambling with substance addiction and the treatments of pathological gambling and introduces the treatments of other addictions in the healthcare system in the Czech Republic. The goal of the empirical part of the thesis is to find out and describe different and similar features of patients with the diagnosis of pathological...
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Alcohol addicts in abstinence-oriented treatment and controlled drinking
Strejčková, Vanda ; Mravčík, Viktor (advisor) ; Vavrinčíková, Lenka (referee)
(thesis): Backgrounds: The Czech Republic is at the top of the world regarding alcohol consumption. Alcohol is in the Czech Republic considered legal addictive substance which is commonly available. In the Czech population aged 15-64 years a lot of people consume alcohol in a risk way, only small part, however, gets into the system of treatment. Since 2005 the number of institutionally treated men and women has been gradually decreasing, although the number of alcohol users regularly increases. Objectives: The main goal of this research was to map extend of dependency of patients involved in abstinent oriented treatment. In specially selected clinics, this research was focusing on their behaviour and habitual practice while consuming alcohol and sorting out differences between men and women. It also pays attention to experience of these dependent patients with abstinence controlled drinking and their opinions on the whole situation after they finish their treatment. Methods: There was a questionnaire research conducted in a period from January through March of 2014 involving patients in PN Dobřany, PN Bohnice, PL Červený Dvůr and PL Lnáře. All together study involved 125 patients, 48 women and 77 men. All questionnaires and answers were processed and evaluated strictly on anonymous basis while...
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The attitudes of medical doctors and other key professionals regarding opioid substitution therapy in Kazakhstan
Čečeleva, Olga ; Zábranský, Tomáš (advisor) ; Mravčík, Viktor (referee)
Background A number of studies across countries have proven that the methadone maintenance program, if efficiently started and implemented, is really effective tool both for treatment of opioid dependence and harm reduction. The expansion of methadone substitution programmes in Kazakhstan may have a positive influence upon the health and social climate inside the country. The main target of this research is to survey the attitudes of medical doctors regarding opioid substitution treatment in Kazakhstan. Methods The study was composed of two surveys. Questionnaires were distributed (administered by electronic mail) to 17 centres for drug addiction treatment all over Kazakhstan. 19 medical doctors not yet providing opioid substitution treatment and 6 medical doctors enrolled in opioid substitution treatment responded to the questionnaire. Two therapists also participated this research and their responses are mentioned as well. Quantitative data were supplemented and enhanced by use of qualitative data obtained by analysis of original documents and by interviews with two key informants. Attitudes were measured using both multiple and single choice question types and a 5 point Likert scale. Findings Individual viewpoints of the first group of participants varied, but not largely. The fraction of the...
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Gambling and its impact - qualitative research of pathologically players
Roznerová, Tereza ; Mravčík, Viktor (advisor) ; Vacek, Jaroslav (referee)
Thesis "Gambling and its consequences - qualitative research of pathological gamblers" is discussing gambling as a present phenomenon and about the effects of gambling on gamblers and his environment in different aspects of his life. Theoretical part provides the introduction to this problem, specification of definitions and also particular impact of gambling on itself, namely health, social, criminal law and last but not least, financial consequences. The practical part deals with stories of abstaining gamblers and their subjectively perceived impacts of gambling on their lives, hindering factors in the development of addiction and factors facilitating entering to the treatment.
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Prevention of hepatitis C virus infection among injecting drug users - hepatitis C virus infection treatment rate among injecting drug users, treatment efficacy and related factors on the side of treatment system
Mravčík, Viktor ; Bencko, Vladimír (advisor) ; Němeček, Vratislav (referee) ; Husa, Petr (referee)
Background: Injecting drug users (IDUs) represent considerable group of patients infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV). HCV treatment is an effective tool for reduction of HCV transmissions among IDUs. Nevertheless treatment rate among IDUs is rather insufficient. Treatment uptake, provision and adherence as well as its efficacy in IDUs are determined by number of specific factors. Aims: Mapping an extent of the provision of HCV treatment to IDUs in the Czech Republic, rules and practices for the admission of IDUs into HCV treatment and its provision, describing relevant factors related to drug use. Material and methods: From January to March 2011, a questionnaire survey among centres for treatment of viral hepatitis in the Czech Republic was conducted. 76 identified centres were addressed, of which 45 (59%) responded, and 40 (53%) filled in an online questionnaire. Results: Estimated number of centres treated HCV with combination of pegylated interferon α and ribavirin in the Czech Republic in 2010 was 61, 39 of them treated IDUs. Estimated 780 persons were treated, of whom 370 were (mostly ex-) IDUs. Reported treatment uptake in IDUs was 60% on average (range 0-90%). Treatment is completed by 80% of IDUs on average (0-100%) according to clinicians. Most clinicians reported no difference in the treatment...
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Gambling in the Czech Republic: prevalence and consequences
Drbohlavová, Barbora ; Mravčík, Viktor (advisor) ; Vacek, Jaroslav (referee)
This thesis is a quantitative research paper which analyses the prevalence and accessibility of gambling in the Czech Republic. The theoretical part defines gambling, deals with pathological gambling, its treatment and it impacts on the individual and their environment. It lists a basic review of Czech literature on this topic and pays attention to the legislative aspect. The practical part is split into descriptional statistics and correlation analysis. The descriptional statistics works with absolute and relative numbers of gaming clubs and casinos in districts and provinces of the Czech Republic and finds out which regions are more or less burdened with gambling. It shows that not only big cities are burdened with gambling but also smaller districts often near the state borders suffer from it. The correlation analysis studies the connection of the prevalence of gambling wit sociodemographic and economic indicators. This connection is apparent especially with unemployment, migration and family factors.
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Drug-related Deaths in the Capital City of Prague in the Police Statistics
Vinšová, Kateřina ; Nečas, Vlastimil (referee) ; Mravčík, Viktor (advisor)
Introduction: Background: Police in Prague collects data on drug-related deaths, which is investigating. These data are not collected for later statistical processing. Objective: Epidemiological analysis of these data to describe the character of drug-related deaths, characteristics of deceased persons and their comparison with other available resources. Methods: A group of police investigators, dealing with drug crime was submited a list of items with request to finding of documentation of drug-related death. About drug-related deaths found only a limited range of information. Police were given only the data from the years 2008 and 2009. Data were analyzed and compared with data on drug-related death in Prague, which was extracted from a special mortality registry. Results: The Police recorded between 2008 and 2009 a total of 25 deaths associated with drug use. In 23 cases, most likely was an overdose. Two cases were reported as deaths in the presence of drugs. Police registered persons were mostly men - 19 cases ( 76%), women were in 6 cases (24%). Deaths were most often in the age group 25-29, in this age group occurred 12 people (48% of the total sample). Most often were present opioids (76%), while heroin was identified most frequently (68% of the total sample). Deaths of opiate overdoses were mostly...
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