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Possibilities and limits of alternative treatment and recovery from addiction by the psychedelic experience
Césarová, Eva ; Kalina, Kamil (advisor) ; Mravčík, Viktor (referee)
Backgroud: Current research suggests that psychedelics might have a significant therapeutic potential for the treatment of addictions, as well as the treatment of depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder and other mental illnesses. The current renaissance of psychedelic research, as well as changes in the approach towards these substances we see in some countries, suggest that it is only a matter of time until psychedelics are officially used as a therapeutic tool in treatment. The progressive field of addictology in the Czech Republic could be one of the pioneers of psychedelic research in the treatment of addictions. Aim: The theoretical part of this work provides insights into the current events in the field of psychedelic research in the Czech Republic and in the world. The research part maps the perspectives and attitudes of Czech experts and representatives of leading institutions (areas of addictology, research on psychedelics and mental health and state administration) on the use of psychedelics in the treatment of addictions. The aim of this work was to find out how these experts approach this issue and what possibilities and limits of implementation of research on psychedelics in the treatment of addictions they perceive. Methods: Twelve respondents took part in a qualitative...
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Liquids and substances used in electronic delivery systems in the Czech Republic
Urban, Nicole Aemilia ; Mravčík, Viktor (advisor) ; Kulhánek, Adam (referee)
Background: The prevalence of e-cigarette usage has been increasing. There are less adverse health effects on health in comparison to conventional cigarettes. However, the longitudinal effect on health is unknown. The risks include an emerging nicotine dependence or lung diseases. Aims: The study aims to map out the current situation of the patterns of use, motivation and preferences among Czech e-cigarette users. Methods: Data were collected online from December 2019 to March 2020 with an online questionnaire inquiry. The population comprised of e-cigarette users living in the Czech Republic. The sample composed of 143 non-random respondents (54 women, 89 men) of ages 18-69. Microsoft Excel was used for data analysis; methods of descriptive statistics were used. Results: Most e-cigarette users are current or ex-smokers. One third of the respondents have been using e-cigarette for 6 years or longer with the goal of smoking reduction (35.7%) or reducing the foul smell of conventional cigarettes - a reason mostly found in women (33.3% of women compared to 4.5% of men). One fourth of the respondents have never tried to stop smoking. The number of users who have never used conventional cigarettes is 4.2% men and 2.2% women. Individual nicotine consumption is declining subjectively. The respondents...
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Women using addictive substances during pregnancy: the effects of substance abuse on the prenatal and postnatal development of child.
Nechanská, Blanka ; Mravčík, Viktor (advisor) ; Škařupová, Kateřina (referee) ; Chvíla, Libor (referee)
Women using addictive substances during pregnancy: the effects of substance abuse on the prenatal and postnatal development of child Blanka Nechanská Abstract Background: Substance abuse among pregnant women represents a public health issue internationally, associated with high costs to the society and at the personal level for the women and children involved. Aims: The aim of the study was to determine the basic socioeconomic characteristics of women with substance use disorder during pregnancy and selected characteristics neonatal outcomes their children. Another goal was to study the morbidity in children prenatally exposed to addictive substances by studying hospitalizations up to three years of age. Material and methods: Series of analysis within database-linkage study combining data on pregnancy and neonatal outcomes with data from in-patient treatment in CR in 2000-2014 was performed. The sample consisted of pregnant women diagnosed with substance use disorder during pregnancy and women from general population, and their children. Neonatal outcomes were gestational age, birth weight and length, preterm birth, and intrauterine growth restriction (Small-for-Gestational-Age, SGA). Information on the number of hospita- lizations, treatment time and diagnostic groups according to ICD-10 were outcomes of...
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Continuum of care in HCV treatment among clients of low-threshold programmes for PWUDs in Prague
Havlíková, Petra ; Mravčík, Viktor (advisor) ; Janíková, Barbara (referee)
Background: Viral hepatitis C (HCV) represents a major public health problem worldwide and also in the Czech Republic. There are as many as 80,000 people have been living with chronic HCV in Czechia since 2015, most of them are/were drug addicts who have been infected by contaminated syringes. Global and national efforts to eliminate HCV are currently underway, focusing primarily on improving the quality of treatment continuity (sustainability, uninterrupted treatment) which involves ensuring the availability of testing for all patients, patients' involvement in their own treatment, sustaining treatment, achieving a response rate and the necessary follow-up care. Objective: To describe the HCV continuum of care in people who inject drugs (mapping testing rate, treatment uptake and treatment completion), and to describe the factors that affect this process. Based on the collected data, to formulate recommendations for addiction care professionals in order to improve HCV continuum of care. Methodology: A questionnaire survey among clients of low-threshold centres in Prague was carried out. The convenient sample consisted of a total of 60 respondents, 20 from each of the three centres. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Data collection was realised in August 2019. Results: Out of the 60...
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Needs Analysisof PARTYHARMreduction programs'clients
Maršíková, Daniela ; Janíková, Barbara (advisor) ; Mravčík, Viktor (referee)
In the nightlife settings the prevalence of drug use is higher than in the general population. Worldwide, substance use is becoming normal and acceptable in this context and the individual substances are combined with each other. Although in the world number of services that provide harm reduction in the nightlife environment increases and programmes are supported, in the Czech Republic these specialized services are insufficient, they are not a stable component of the system of addiction care and these services are in the national drug policy in a marginal area. One of the specialized program is PARTYHARMreduction. The aim of this thesis is to identify and analyze the needs of clients of this service and if the interventions are covering these needs and how to improve this program to cover them. The method of data collection was a structured questionnaire with the assistance of program staff. Research sample selection is a combination of total selection and institutional selection. The analysis was made through the statistics program SPSS and combination of three methods in qualitative research. The result is that clients consider the program as very helpful, useful and necessary. The main need that was not covered is a drug checking sevice which is very important for their own safety. The feeling...
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Drug services in recreational setting - current situation, needs and barriers of further development
Jičinská, Lucie ; Mravčík, Viktor (advisor) ; Janíková, Barbara (referee)
Despite the fact that the prevalence of drug use in nightlife setngs is signifcantly higher than in the general populaton (EMCDDA, 2015), addictology services in these felds are not a priority in the Czech Republic - nor are they a conceptual and stable aspect of addicton care. The status of these programs is therefore usually fuctuatng and currently not well mapped. The aims of this research were: to describe the current situaton of addictology services within nightlife setngs in the Czech Republic; obtain basic data on the programs that currently operate in this context; describe provided interventons and their scope of reach; and provide an elementary overview of the nature of services and their limits or barriers of the further development. As a method of data collecton, a questonnaire was used among programs operatng in and around entertainment, as well as low-threshold programs in the Czech Republic. The study was conducted using the Computer-Assisted-Web-Interview (CAWI) method. The results show that there are 16 programs currently operatng within nightlife setngs. Most of them are primarily low-threshold harm reducton services for actve drug users. Actvites in this area are offered only sporadically and not prioritzed, which results in limited effectveness and obstacles to further...
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Comparison of smoking patterns of different population groups - implications for interventions.
Kilibarda, Biljana ; Mravčík, Viktor (advisor) ; Kachlík, Petr (referee) ; Degkwitz, Peter (referee)
Background: Smokingprevalencein Serbiaishighbothamonggeneralandvulnerable populations.Interventionsshouldbeevidencebasedandinlinewithneedsofeachpopulation group. Thehighestprevalenceofsmokingisamongvulnerablegroups,whereinterventions beyondthoseaimedatgeneralpopulationarerequired.Aims: Toanalyzeandcompare smokingprevalenceanditspatterns,exposuretotobaccosmokeandtheircorrelatesamong generalpopulationandvulnerablegroupsandtoidenitfygapsandneedsformonitoringand policy.Materialandmethods:Secondaryanalysisofdataobtainedthroughdifferentsurveys implementedin2013and2014wasconducted. Databasesfromthreegeneralpopulation surveysandsixsurveysamongselectedvulnerablegroups(prisoners, menhavingsexwith men,sexworkers,peoplelivingwithHIV,Romayouth,institutionalizedchildren)wereused. Results:Datashowhighsmokingprevalenceamongadults(34.7%)withgenderdifferences. Lowersocioeconomicstatusisthestrongestfactorassociatedwithsmokingamongadults. Smokingprevalenceisthehighestintheagegroup35-45years(47.0%).AmongSerbian youth,perceivedavailabilityandbeingtaughtinschoolabouttobaccoareimportantcorrelates ofsmoking. Morethanhalfofadultsandyouthareexposedtotobaccosmokeatvarious places.SmokingissociallyhighlyacceptableinSerbiansocietyandriskperceptionisatlow level....
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Injecting drug use and other infectious-related risks among prisoners - situation and prevention
Vašíčková, Jana ; Mravčík, Viktor (advisor) ; Hönigová, Karolína (referee)
Prisons are a risk environment in terms of presence of injecting drug use and infectious diseases. Prisoners should be able to access harm reduction programs. Within the framework of the prevention of the spread of infectious diseases among prisoners, a pilot project (HA-REACT) was implemented during which there were condom vending machines installed in 2 randomly selected departments of Prague-Pankrác Prison. I was able to get involved in the project implementation. The aim of my research was to determine the incidence rate of infectious diseases and risk behaviour among prisoners in the Prague-Pankrác prison. The investigated risk behaviour concerned the injecting drug use, sharing equipment for injecting drug use, practising of sex and the use of condoms. Interest was also paid to using and evaluating the condom vending machines at the end of the 1 month period during which they were available to the prisoners. Within the framework of the evaluation of the pilot distribution of condoms, the NMS conducted a questionnaire survey at 2 prisons, the evaluation of which was provided to me. The respondents of the questionnaire were prisoners who had a condom vending machine available for 1 month. I divided the respondents into 3 age groups, picked out questions from the questionnaire which I had...
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Alcohol use among university students of physical education and sport
Vařeková, Zuzana ; Mravčík, Viktor (advisor) ; Chomynová, Pavla (referee)
BACKGROUND: University studies take place during the end of the risk period of adolescence and early adulthood, which is also related to alcohol use. The students of sport schools and fields are also at risk. Athletes report excessive alcohol use, even though sport is generally associated with healthy lifestyle. OBJECTIVES: The thesis was focused on experience with alcohol use among students of Faculty of Physical Education and Sport at Charles University and its relation with frequency and type of physical aktivity. METHODS: The research was designed as a cross-sectional study. The sample was formed by students who studied the academic fields of Physical eduction and Sport and Physiotherapy in the full-time bachelor's programme in Czech language in academic year 2017/2018. The sample was obtained by total selection. The questionnaire consisted of standard alcohol use questions from the ESPAD study (Chomynová et al., 2016) and screening questionnaries CAGE (Erwing, 1984) and ASC (Moskalewicz & Sieroslawski, 2010). The questionnaires were filled in by respondents themselves. The sample consisted of 317 students, the response rate was 62 %. The demographic characteristics of the sample corresponded to the general population. A descriptive analysis was implemented in subgroups of non-athletes...
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Binge drinking among university students in Prague
Kostrábová, Mária ; Mravčík, Viktor (advisor) ; Chomynová, Pavla (referee)
Current situation: Abroad, binge drinking among university students is very frequent. Mostly in the USA, 60% of students from 18 to 22 years of age drink alcohol. Almost 2 of 3 out of them engaged in binge drinking once a week at minimum rate (CollegeAIM,2017). Annual reports on alcohol consumption are issued in Czech Republic. These reports are not focused on university students. Goal: The purpose of my research is to find out amount and potential patterns in alcohol consumption among university students in Prague, with its main focus on binge drinking. Survey sample: Non-randomly chosen 891 respondents, who fulfilled inclusion criterion (attending university in Prague) and were willing to participate in the study (convenient sample). Methodology: Online cross-sectional survey among students distributed via social network Facebook. A descriptive analysis was conducted. Outcomes: Sample of 891 respondents consisted of 501 women and 390 men with the average age 21,6 years. They were attending 11 universities, from witch most of them, 27%, were from ČVUT (Czech Technical University) 26,8% were from UK (Charles University); 23,7% were from VŠE (University of Economics) and 17,4% were VŠCHT (University of Chemistry and Technology). The most of the respondents drunk alcohol once or twice a week in last...
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