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Adolescent boys with behavioral disorders and their ways of processing everyday stress
Bidmonová, Tereza ; Čáp, David (referee) ; Morávková Krejčová, Lenka (referee)
4 Abstract The topic of this thesis is adolescent boys with behavioral disorders and their ways of processing everyday stress situations. The starting point of the thesis lies in the assumption that adolescent boys with behavioral disorders show greater difficulties in coping with stressful situations and react differently from their peers that have no behavioral disorders. The target group of respondents is represented by clients of juvenile correctional institutions, specifically boys between 15 and 19 years of age. Their answers are compared with a comparison group of students from secondary schools that have no behavioral disorders. The strategies of coping with stress are examined through the use of two methods, a questionnaire "Strategie zvládání stresu SVF 78" and the semiprojective Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration Test. The results indicate that the group of adolescent boys placed in juvenile correctional institutions, shows the tendency to resign, as well as the tendency to try to escape from stressful situations with fighter frequently. Furthemore, the effort to gain control over stressful situations and individuals own reactions appears less often. Contrary to expectations, the predicted search for alternative activities to escape from stressful situations was not confirmed. Furthemore, neither the...
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Twice exceptional children in pedagogical and psychological practise
Smítková, Ivana ; Gillernová, Ilona (advisor) ; Morávková Krejčová, Lenka (referee)
In the theoretical part of this thesis the aim is to map problems of gifted children focusing on the highly specific field of so called twice-exceptional children, i.e. gifted children with disabilities. Keeping in mind relative newness and poor familiarity it is essential to bring up the theme of the dual exceptionality in a wider context. Therefore the theoretical part begins with defining of related basic terms - intelligence, giftedness, talent and creativity. Chapters concerning phenomena of twice-exceptional children are inserted at the end of the theoretical part after general summarizing information about gifted children - their characteristics, development, identification, education and so on. These chapters which directly refer to studied group of gifted children round off the theoretical part and concurrently form some transition to an empirical part. The empirical part of the thesis comes out from pedagogical and psychological practice. Its object is to present concrete expressions, the link with development and influences of educational approach along the most significant subgroups of twice-exceptional children through selected casuistries. These data should be a practical replenishment and illustration of mapped psychological problems of gifted children that the theoretical part of the thesis...
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The diagnosis of school maturity in relation to the pupil's adaptation to the 1st year of primary school
Hnyková, Radka ; Šturma, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Morávková Krejčová, Lenka (referee)
The theoretical part of the thesis deals with the determination of the development characteristics of the period from the age of three to eight (i.e. pre-school and younger school age). The principal focus is on the issue of school maturity, the possibilities of its diagnosis and the pupils' adaptation to the first year of primary school. The empirical part introduces a quantitative research focused on some diagnostic methods (the Orientation Test of School Maturity - Orientační test školní zralosti, the Knowledge Test of Pre-school Children - Zkouška znalostí předškolních dětí and The Star - Wave Test) and the possibility of using these methods for predicting a child's adaptation to the first year of primary school. The thesis aims to examine how these methods could be used and also to show the possible limits related to using these methods. Keywords: school maturity, diagnostics, postponement, preschool age, primary schoool matriculation, adaptation
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Type of leading of the labour and its influence on mother-child relationship
Šorfová, Michaela ; Šírová, Eva (advisor) ; Morávková Krejčová, Lenka (referee)
V tomto typu studie jsem se pokusila provést orientační výzkum na téma vliv porodní situace na vztah matka-dítě. Zmapovala jsem klíčové teorie a koncepty tohoto tématu, provedla pilotní studii a zkoumala odpovědi na výzkumné otázky u dvou skupin matek vyčleněných na základě způsobu vedení porodu na matky, které rodily pod lékařským vedením a matky, které rodily tzv. "přirozeně". Na základě zvolených metod není možné výsledky zkoumání zobecnit ani na zkoumanou populaci. Nicméně došlo k otevření zkoumaného tématu na území ČR, což se dá považovat za přínos akademickému poznání.
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Who am I? Specific features of Czech adolescents' identity
Nováková, Milena ; Slaměník, Ivan (advisor) ; Morávková Krejčová, Lenka (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with the question of identity in adolescence and is aimed to the specificity of adolescents' identity in the Czech Republic. Considering the fact that there is not given enough attention to the topic of identity, which results in many problems and ambiguity connected with this notion, the significant part of this work is dedicated to its theoretical clarification. The theoretical part concerns the problem of defining identity and provides us with the most frequently quoted theories of identity. It is followed by discussing developmental aspects of identity, particularly in adolescence, and the characteristics of contemporary Czech adolescents. The empirical part as a follow-up to the above mentioned part introduces the research of Czech adolescent's identity; it particularly investigates second and fourth grades students of a grammar school in Prague. The aim of this research is to describe the content of the respondents' self-defining and find out whether there are any differences in the self-defining (identity) between boys and girls and among the age-groups. The theoretical basis is the conception of identity by V. Bačová, who perceives identity as a complex of active self-defining processes on the intrapersonal, interpersonal and social levels. This research used and modified...
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Psychological characteristics of adolescents educational environment
Lidická, Jana ; Gillernová, Ilona (advisor) ; Morávková Krejčová, Lenka (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with the psychological characteristics of the educational environment of adolescents. Within the frame of this work we consider the educational environment to be mainly the environment of school and family. This environment is considered to be the most important socialization agent and environment where youngsters spend most of their time during the teenage years. The theoretical part of the paper characterizes the period of adolescence, its bio-psychosocial transformation and its specifics in relation to the family and school environment. Further, we deal with the issue of educational and socialization processes and educational environment, with the emphasis on the specifics of the family and school environments. The school educational environment is created through the interaction between the teacher and the students. In the final chapter of the theoretical part we survey the diverse conceptions of assessing styles of educational action and results of previous research dealing with the same topic. The empirical part of the work aims to map the subjective perception of the educational environment of family and school in a sample of the current generation of adolescents. For this purpose we used subjective evaluation of the family educational environment and the environment created...
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The PASS Theory - from research to intervention
Khánská, Lenka ; Morávková Krejčová, Lenka (advisor) ; Kaplan, Cyril (referee)
This bachelor thesis focused on the origin and principles of the PASS theory (Planning, Attention, Simultaneous, and Successive Processing processomg). It introduces the the information processing theory by A. R. Luria, from which the PASS theory stems. It also describes CAS and CAS2 (Cognitive Assessment System) tools, which enable the assessment of PASS processes. The work offers an overview of some possible interventions that are based on the PASS theory. The work includes a number of studies that examined how CAS is able to recognize specific groups of children (e.g. Children with ADHD, Down syndrome, etc.), and how to verify whether interventions are effective. The research proposal examines how the PASS processes influence school activities focusing on pupils in primary schools. This research could serve as the basis for the use of interventions within the frame of school education and thus it could help for the effective development of the PASS processes. Keywords: PASS Theory, Planning, Attention, Simultaneous Information Processing, Successive Information Processing, Cognitive Assessment System, Intervention
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Burnout syndrom at the high school students
Pechancová, Jana ; Morávková Krejčová, Lenka (advisor) ; Čáp, David (referee)
The diploma thesis deals with the school burnout as a new phenomenon. The thesis gives an overview of associated field problems, different causes and factors important to its development. The first chapter of the work includes a brief description of a developmental period of adolescence, which is a critical stage to the development of school burnout. The thesis further speaks about the role of education in adolescence; in this context it mentions the role of classmates, school class and school, teachers and parents. The thesis also speaks in details about stressors in school environment and overall stress. A next part of the work is devoted to the basic concept of burnout syndrome from which school burnout is derived. It gives several definitions and different conceptions of burnout syndrome, describes causes, personal characteristics leading toward burnout and its course. The empirical part the diploma thesis displays a process of an adaptation of School Burnout Inventory, which was translated and extended. It introduces elementary psychometric characteristics of the new questionnaire. This questionnaire was tested on a research sample of 323 high school students of five high schools in Prague, including two comprehensive secondary schools. Findings indicate interesting relations of school...
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Value orientations in adolescence and early adulthood
Morávková, Kateřina ; Uhlář, Pavel (advisor) ; Morávková Krejčová, Lenka (referee)
This work handles a topic of values and value orientations. We treat values as one of the issues on a broader field of motivation. From this point of view we placed values in a motivation system pattern. We deal with a more general characteristics of motivation just in order to understand a topic of values. The values and value orientations are elaborated with the help of a number of psychological theories. We are concerned with a developmental traits of values especially in adolescence and early adulthood. The theoretical part is followed on by a concept of psychological research - qualitative and quantitative. The purpose of this project is to get a basic understanding of value orientations among teenagers and young adults and to estimate their moral values and motivation. Keywords: values, value orientations, adolescence, early adulthood
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The effect of mediated learning on the development of cognitive functions of younger school-age children
Janoušková, Lenka ; Šírová, Eva (advisor) ; Morávková Krejčová, Lenka (referee)
The thesis is concerned with the application of Feuerstein's theory of mediated learning experience to teaching in the first year of primary school. It summarises basic information about Feuerstein's work, the theories of mediated learning experience and structural cognitive modifiability. It also deals with the application of mediated learning experience to teaching in the first year of primary school. In this respect, it characterises the period of early school age and the role of the teacher. The central theme of the work, the theory of mediated learning experience, is an approach targeted at the process and structure of thought. The application of this theory is aimed at the individual's general cognitive development, especially the development of the thinking process. The principal goal of the thesis is to introduce the possibilities of applying the theory of mediated learning to teaching in school and thus contribute to the spread of this methodology only recently introduced to the Czech Republic, which can be considered a helpful and meaningful way to enrich teaching and support the children's cognitive development.
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