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Water retention in experimental waterbasins with focus on histosols
Vlček, Lukáš ; Šefrna, Luděk (advisor) ; Kliment, Zdeněk (referee)
This thesis is being written within the framework of the project GA UK 2371/2007 "Water retention in spring areas as a tool of integrated anti-floods protection and solution of problems with dryness" at the Institute of Physical Geography and Geoecology. The influence of histosols on retention, especially in the National Park of Šumava, is a delicate topic because of collision of nature protection and valuable biotopes preservation on one hand and countryside utilization for anti-floods protection on the other hand. The thesis follows the bachelor thesis "Water retention of histosols". It includes a detailed pedological analysis of the basins of 'Rokytka' and 'Černý potok'. The result of the thesis is water retention determination in the basins and calculation of overall soil retentive potential. The thesis also addresses the analysis of the influence of organic soil on retentive potential of countryside. Keywords: water retention, histosols
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Analysis and modelling the changes of water quality in the Olšava river basin.
Kaiglová, Jana ; Langhammer, Jakub (advisor) ; Kliment, Zdeněk (referee)
The main goal of the thesis is to create an accurate model of the current state of water quality modelling in the river basin. The basin of the Olšava River, as found in the bachelor thesis "Analysis of Water Quality in the Basin", is polluted with large concentrations of total phosphorus PTot. The master thesis analyses sources of nutrients in the basin that is mainly listed in the vulnerable areas indentified under the Nitrates Directive 91/676/EEC, on the protection of waters against pollution caused by nitrates from agricultural sources. For the water resources management and environmental policy is crucial to recognize distribution of pollution sources throughout main categories. The thesis is concerned with the seasonal variability of the average mass concentrations along the river channel. Broadly used mathematical modelling software of water quality is discussed in the sense of reliability, availability and user interface. Last but not least is a suggestion of two improvements of the water quality based on the MIKE Basin modelling software. The main aim of these proposals is to be realistic in the economical and environmental sense. Proposals consider both in point and non-point sources. Key words: Mathematical modelling, MIKE Basin, Water Quality, Water Quality models, Hydrology, Olšava
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Analysis of flood events in the Upper Opava river source area
Lautnerová, Lucie ; Kliment, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Langhammer, Jakub (referee)
Present days are characterized by raising awareness of natural hazards, especially the risk of flood events. Extreme floods are connected with large - scale material damage and also endanger human lives. That's why the issue of flood formation and its possibility of forecasting has became disccused topic these days. Research of passed floods provides principles of effective flood protection in specific area. The main aim of this thesis is to analyse flood events that passed in the uper Opava river basin, concretely the source area containing the Černá, Střední and Bílá Opava river basins. This analysis refers about the flood frequency, different seasonal regime of floods occurence and looks for the relationship between atmospheric conditions and origin of flood events in the period of 1963 to 1997. Part of this thesis also summarizes main types of floods raised in the source area and compares different flood threat of the Černá, Střední and Bílá Opava rivers. There is also mentioned some basic differences of drainage formation, natural conditions and rainfall distribution in specific catchment area.
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Morphology of the Křížový potok river channel in the Eastern Krkonoše Mountains
Dvořáková, Magdalena ; Kliment, Zdeněk (referee) ; Engel, Zbyněk (advisor)
This master thesis deals with the morphology of mountain river channels - with structures, patterns and shapes resulting from fluvial processes. The findings are documented on the Křížový potok river channel in the Eastern Krkonoše mountains. There are several specifics which influence the evolution of mountain river channels. The first one is high elevation change and big slope of the river, which determinate the formation of typical structures, such as waterfalls, cascades and steps, often related with pools. Plane bed, riffle-pool and dune-ripple also represent typical structures of mountain river channels. Specific microstructures are represented by potholes. River channels in forested mountain basins are affected by logs and wood debris, which create local barriers where fine-grained material accumulates. In the Křížový potok river channel, a high diversity of the channel structures can be seen. The most common structures are step-pools and cascades. The stream is influenced by large accumulation of delluvial sediments and wood debris which create obstacles to the flow.
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The influence of the different utilization of the landscape on the rainfall-flow process in the experimental drainage basins Zbytiny
Malý, Antonín ; Kliment, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Čekal, Radek (referee)
The diploma thesis deals with the problem of the influence of vegetation and artificial flow-off on the hydrological conditions of a small-scale drainage basin. The thesis presents the results of the detailed monitoring of the rainfall-flow process, carried out in two drainage basins compared in the period between 2006 and 2008.The research location is situated in the area of the upper drainage basin of the Šumava river Blanice, one of the sources of the devastating flood of 2002. Despite a limited period of monitoring, significant differences were identified in the hydrological regimes of the two drainage basins. The main differences discovered are related to the period of the winter half-year and the period of low water. In addition to common research procedures, less well-known methods have also been applied. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Changes of rainfall-runoff conditions in the Upper Opava River basin
Královec, Václav ; Ledvinka, Ondřej (referee) ; Kliment, Zdeněk (advisor)
The rainfall-runoff process is a natural event affecting a landscape. There are many factors which make that process difficult to understand. The factors are closely connected and so we have to think about the wide-contexts between them. This thesis pays attention to the variation of rainfall-runoff conditions in the Opava and Opavice river basin down to the gauging station Krnov. In the last 50 years there are observed partly the influences of climate oscillations and changes in the rainfall-runoff process and partly the potential human influence. This thesis is also solving the question of testing the homogeneity of the time series. Some statistical tests, which were already used in other projects, were used for that. On the basis of time series analysis of rainfall, air temperature and snow cover is endeavoured to analyse the changes and to establish significant trends in each climate features. On the top of that there is made the analysis of land use changes and land drainage analysis, which is the complement of climate change analysis. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Channel dynamics of the restored Sviňovický Brook
Hujslová, Jana ; Kliment, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Šobr, Miroslav (referee)
The aim of this thesis was to monitor and to evaluate development and morphological dynamics of the Sviňovický Brook channel after the restoration in 2005. Field surveying and aerial images by low-flying model planes were used to detect recent channel dynamics after the restoration in 2005. Channel changes were compared to water level measurements. The additional method was grain size analysis of bed sediments. Orthoimage and cadastral maps were utilized to document changes in channel position over the past 160 years. Field surveying detected intensive bed and bank erosion in restored channel caused by high stream velocity from the fortified upper flow. The restored channel has markedly widened and deepened. The largest changes occurred during floods in July 2006. The intensive eroding- depositing processes remodeled the channel. The changes in channel bed level were up 30 cm and bank erosion locally exceeded 1 meter. The longitudinal profile of the channel was leveled. The road bridge began to be obstacle to the longitudinal profile development. It causes deposition upstream and erosion downstream. The largest bank disruptions in the sector up the road bridge were fortified by quarried stones at the end of 2007. The channel has not shown any significant changes since 2007. With the growing density...
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The assesment of soil erosion processes by using WaTEM/ SEDEM and USPED models
Vysloužilová, Barbora ; Kliment, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Kadlec, Václav (referee)
The water erosion is considered as the most important factor having impact on the agricultural land degradation. In the past, many methodes of soil erosion processes by using mathematical models has been developped. The mostly applicated is the universal soil loss equation USLE. The USLE equation has been used as the basis for new erosion models WaTEM/ SEDEM (Van Rompaey a kol. 2001, Van Oost a kol. 2000, Verstraeten a kol. 2002) and USPED (Mitášová a kol., 1996). The two of them are applicated in the experimental catchement of Černičí. The WaTEM/ SEDEM model is able to count the river sediment export as well. The intensity of erosion processes is increasing during extraordinary rainfall - rainoff events. This diploma thesis is evaluating their causes, frequency and course from two points of view: the course of runoff and the sediment transport. The water quality is also evaluated. KEY WORDS: erosion, extraordinary rainfall - runoff event, USPED, WaTEM/ SEDEM
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