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Nuclear power plants and their safety
Novotný, Petr ; Köbölová, Klaudia (referee) ; Milčák, Pavel (advisor)
The bachelor thesis deals with the current state of nuclear energetics. It describes the development of nuclear power plants to date and specifically describes the most commonly used types of nuclear reactors. Most of the reactors currently in operation are second generation reactors. However, a number of third-generation reactors with improved technological and safety parameters are already under construction. Improved safety lies in the improvement of active safety systems, but also in the increased use of passive safety systems. The paper concludes with a comparison of specific solutions from the most important nuclear reactor manufacturers in the world.
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Determination of chlorine in fuels
Saitl, Pavel ; Köbölová, Klaudia (referee) ; Lisá, Hana (advisor)
This work presents and theoretically processes several standard methods for determining the chlorine content in biofuels. The advantages and disadvantages of each method are discussed, along with their comparison to one another. Additionally, the behaviour of chlorine during the combustion process, the impacts of gaseous chlorine on combustion devices, and possible mitigation strategies are described. Within the framework of describing the behaviour of chlorine during the combustion process, both high-temperature and low-temperature chlorine corrosion, which are most pronounced in boilers burning biomass-derived fuels and solid alternative fuels, are explained. The work also includes the natural cycle of chlorine, illustrating the negative impact that escaping gases from boilers burning biomass and solid alternative fuels have.
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Methods of energy treatment of municipal waste
Štork, Martin ; Köbölová, Klaudia (referee) ; Linda, Jakub (advisor)
The bachelor's thesis deals with the topic of how to deal with waste in order to obtain as much energy as possible from it. That's why we are dealing with restrictions on landfilling. In the theoretical part of the thesis, we will find the types of waste and their characteristics, as well as the ways in which waste can be worked. In the practical part of the thesis, I try to show how waste could be worked in the future, ideally for a large yield of energy and with minimal air pollution during waste processing. This results in a complete restriction of landfilling.
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Determination of the carbon footprint of different waste treatment techniques
Suchomel, Ondřej ; Linda, Jakub (referee) ; Köbölová, Klaudia (advisor)
This bachelor’s thesis focuses on the issue of waste treatment, waste management and carbon footprint. The aim of this thesis is to understand the complexity of these industries and propose a plan for the city of Brno based on the research done. The first theoretical part explains the benefits of circular economy and waste analysis in Czech Republic. The ensuing part describes the process of carbon footprint calculation and presents its advantages and disadvantages of carbon footprint. The two following theoretical sections discuss the methods and possibilities of waste treatment by conventional and modern methods. Last part of this thesis is a computational design and offers a waste processing proposal for the city of Brno. This thesis predominantly addresses the advantages and disadvantages of composting and anaerobic digestion for biowaste processing. A practical use of these technologies has been proposed based on the calculations.
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Heat pump for a family house
Chlud, Jaroslav ; Köbölová, Klaudia (referee) ; Pospíšil, Jiří (advisor)
The topic of the final bachelor thesis is heat pump heating. The aim of the thesis is to design a system using heat pump technology in a family house and economic and energy assessment of the designed system. This thesis focuses on research about heat pumps and usable low-potential heat sources. The envelope method is used to estimate the heat loss. The calculation of heat loss and heat demand is facilitated by using a calculation tool from a web source. The design of the storage water heater is calculated using the standard. Operat-ing costs and payback are calculated by simple formulas. As a result of the work, the design of heat pump, drawing heat from the ground, and the connection of the device to the existing system is implemented, which corresponds to the assignment of the work. A reduction in the total heat demand and therefore energy consumption due to energy saving measures is achieved. The system can benefit by saving operational costs for heating and hot water. The short payback period shows that the investment in the selected heat pump is worthwhile. This work can serve as a basis for the real implementation of the heat pump design.
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Ultrafine particles filtration efficiency of commonly available materials
Kudláčová, Martina ; Köbölová, Klaudia (referee) ; Sitek, Tomáš (advisor)
In connection with the outbreak of the COVID19 pandemic, there has been a global shortage of personal respiratory protective equipment against ultrafine particles. The citizens were forced to reach for the alternatives and use homemade cloth masks for personal protection. The efficiency of the protection provided by a cloth mask is related to the selection of a suitable material for its production. This thesis contains basic knowledge in the field of aerosol theory, transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which causes the COVID19 disease and filtration of aerosol particles containing the virus. Based on the theoretical knowledge from the first part, an experimental measurement is performer determining the efficiency of filtration and pressure loss of selected commonly available materials. Based on the results comparison, the most suitable materials for the homemade masks production are selected.
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The concentration of fine particles in the indoor environment of buildings
Turčina, Lukáš ; Linda, Jakub (referee) ; Köbölová, Klaudia (advisor)
The issue of health is given a great deal of attention. However, human health is mainly affected by what enters the human body during life. Therefore, the emphasis is mainly on the quality of water, food, air or the overall environment in which people live. This bachelor thesis is focused on the issue of fine particles in the indoor environment of buildings, in which people spend most of their lives. Many of these particles enter the ambient air from the daily processes that people perform in the households. A high concentration of fine particles results in a greater probability of these particles entering the human body, where they can subsequently cause serious health problems. The theoretical part deals not only with the structure, size and impact of fine particles on the environment, but also on techniques for identification and measurement of fine particles, or methods of indoor air purification. The practical part is focused on the experimental measurement of fine particles in the indoor environment of buildings during everyday activities such as cooking, cleaning or using some equipment. The measurement results have shown that, especially during cooking and baking, a huge amount of particles enters the indoor air, especially PM1 particles, which have not yet received sufficient attention. Therefore, it is important to find suitable measures to eliminate these particles.
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Natural biomass burning and character of emissions of these processes
Maňo, Martin ; Köbölová, Klaudia (referee) ; Chýlek, Radomír (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with the issue of emissions from natural biomass fires. Emphasis will be placed on aerosol emissions that occur during these natural phenomena. The introduction will discuss in general the natural fires of biomass in the world and their impacts. The next part of the work will investigate the factors that affect the composition, size and composition of aerosols, as well as their impact on living organisms and the environment. Methods will also be described for determining whether an aerosol trapped in the environment is of anthropogenic or natural origin. In the last part, the author will deal with the analysis of data from the measurement of real biomass combustion, in which he will participate
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Fine particles emitted from a heat source into the indoor environment
Hájek, Jiří ; Köbölová, Klaudia (referee) ; Pospíšil, Jiří (advisor)
This bachelor's thesis deals with fine particles emitted to indoor space during combustion in fireplace stowes. The beginning of work is focused on the description of biomass and its combustion. In the following part the pollutants, which are produced by combustion of bio-mass are mentioned, and last but not least is attention focused on current air quality in Czech Republic methods of measure of solid pollutants and measuring equipment. Calculation of concentration is closely described in the experimental part, and then the data, which was measured on different modes of operations of fireplace stowes, is presented.
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Exposure to Nanoparticles in Work Environment
Köbölová, Klaudia ; Mikuška, Pavel (referee) ; Adamec, Vladimír (advisor)
Outside to the wide range of potential benefits, the use of nanomaterials can endanger human health and the environment. This diploma thesis presents the results of pilot measurements, where the exposure of nanoparticles was monitored. Based on a literature research a suitable method for measurement was the three-stage OECD model. Based on this model, measurements were performed in three welding workplaces, where nanoparticles are produced incidentally. The measurement consisted of collecting information and measuring the concentration of nanoparticles in the workplace, where data collection was focused only on inhalation exposure. During welding, 0.3 m size particles are produced and their concentration is strongly influenced by the welding material, type of welding and suction. The particles are amorphous in terms of morphology and contain manganese, iron and silicon, which can cause neurodegenerative diseases. Furthermore, the results indicate the importance of monitoring oral exposure.
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