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Integrity measure - test of answers' consistency
Salzerová, Aneta ; Preiss, Marek (advisor) ; Juríčková, Veronika (referee)
The thesis deals with response style in questionnaires and concretely it focused on consistency of responses. In theoretical part the concept of integrity and use of integrity tests is explained. Other chapter deals with credibility, which is closely connected with distortion due to social desirability. In this chapter, relationship with other variables and validation scales are described. Third chapter is reliability of questionnaires, which is influenced by response style, stability across time and consistency of answers. In the end, the cognitive funcitons, which can have an impact on responding in questionnaires are described and relationship between psychopathological symptoms and response style is presented. First of all, in the empirical part, the level of consistency in test of answers' consistency in each category and relationship between integrity test in work place, consistency and other variables were studied. Seconadly, relationship between interference and consistency was studied. Results indicate, that total consistency of answers is different in each category (social desirability, counterproductive behaviour, neutral information, personality). The lowest level of consistency was found in counterproductive behaviour and the highest was in neutral information. The second highest...
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Expressive writing as a therapeutic method
Beránková, Justýna ; Preiss, Marek (advisor) ; Juríčková, Veronika (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to introduce expressive writing, whose therapeutic potential was discovered in the 1980s by James W. Pennebaker, and explore the method closely in our own qualitative research. Presented thesis describes the origin, the process and the effects of expressive writing on various aspects of life, the conditions under which has the method the best therapeutic effect are discussed, and several variants of the intervention are also presented. The theoretical part is concluded with theories of functioning of expressive writing. The empirical part of the thesis is dedicated to the qualitative data analysis - nineteen university students were writing expressively into online forms in their natural environment for twenty minutes for four consecutive days according to instructions. The qualitative analysis deals with the content, thus the thematic analysis, as well as with the form of the collected writings. The students' common topics were especially relationships, university studies, and lack of free time. The participants often dealt with their own personality, somatic, mental and spiritual issues, and their solitude. The analysis distinguished five basic forms of writing and a couple of sub-tools. The main categories are finally viewed through the time perspective. In conclusion,...
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Personality psychopathology measured by alternative model of DSM-V
Barcaj, Martina ; Preiss, Marek (advisor) ; Juríčková, Veronika (referee)
The DSM-5 Alternative Personality Disorder Model includes Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5) that assess 25 specific personality traits in 5 domains. The aim of this thesis was to evaluate the method and its clinical benefits, especially by comparing it with the IPDE structured interview method on a sample of N = 29 psychiatric patients. Quantitative analysis of the results of both methods revealed a number of statistically significant correlations between the IPDE dimensional scores and the individual PID-5 traits of corresponding disorders. For disorders equally defined by both approach, the IPDE dimensional scores and PID-5 individual traits correlated by majority. Due to the overall low prevalence of undisputed personality disorder diagnosis in the sample, a qualitative analysis of 11 selected cases was performed. This analysis revealed the overlapping of the personality traits derived from both methods in 10 of these 11 cases. The methods differ in the assignment of a specific personality disorder as a diagnosis, but this is due in particular to a different theoretical definition of the methods. Overall, the PID-5 method has been evaluated as clinically beneficial, with a promising future and wide use in clinical practice. KEYWORDS Personality disorders, diagnostics, PID-5, IPDE
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Posttraumatic stress and growth in holocaust survivors and their families
Tanzerová, Adéla ; Preiss, Marek (advisor) ; Juríčková, Veronika (referee)
This master's thesis focusses on long-term effects of the Holocaust on the generation of survivors as well as on their offspring. Firstly, the theoretical part defines the terms 'stress' and 'trauma'. This is followed by an outline of possible reactions to severely stressful situations as well as questionnaires that can be used to measure the levels of traumatization. Afterwards, attention is focused on the phenomenon of posttraumatic growth, mainly based on the perspectives of L. G. Calhoun and R. G. Tedeschi who identify five domains of growth. The possibility of facilitating posttraumatic growth is briefly mentioned alongside with one inventory that can be used to measure the extent of positive change following traumatic experiences. Furthermore, the complexity of the Holocaust is discussed and generations of the Holocaust survivors and their offspring are characterised. In conclusion, attention is drawn to the studies that are concerned with the transgenerational transmission of trauma. The empirical component of the thesis is dedicated to the mapping of specific aspects of posttraumatic stress and growth in Holocaust survivors and their offspring. This data was collected by using a PTSD CheckList (PCL-C) and a Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI), and afterwards was processed by quantitative...
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Integrity and social desirability in psychiatric in-patients
Minarčíková, Nikola ; Preiss, Marek (advisor) ; Juríčková, Veronika (referee)
This thesis deals with two constructs - social desirability and integrity. The main aim of this thesis is to create an interview which will allow to distinguish people by their level of integrity and their tendency to respond in a socially desirable manner. The interview can serve as a face-to-face variant of questionnaire methods. Theoretical foundations of both social desirability as well as integrity are presented in the theoretical part of the thesis. Complexity of both constructs is considered. Therefore, approaches of various authors are presented. Methods for assessing socially desirable responding in self- reports as well as integrity are also presented as part of the theoretical section of this thesis. The effects of social desirability on integrity assessment is discussed, as well. In the empirical part of the thesis the development of the semi-structured interview is described. The interview was developed based on original Czech test battery focusing on personal integrity at the workplace. Specifically, questionnaire Integrita v pracovním a běžném životě alongside with questionnaire assessing social desirability was used. The semi-structured interview contains a total of eight questions. Each question includes short story, and the respondent is asked to judge his / her behavior in this...
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Influence of social desirability on integrity meausre
Křížová, Lucie ; Preiss, Marek (advisor) ; Juríčková, Veronika (referee)
In this theses I am concerned with social desirability and its influence on integrity measure. The theoretical part defines key terms such as social desirability and socially desirable responding. It deals with methods that can be used for social desirability measuring. The end of this part goes through faking behaviour associated with responding to psychology questionnaires. The aim of my effort is to find out to what extent social desirability affects responding to the 'Integrity questionnaire in the work environment' which was developed by National Institute of Mental Health (NÚDZ). For this purpose, an experiment was performed in which the questionnaires were presented to the respondents (N = 100) in three different scenarios that varied in the simulation rate. Groups and subsequent assignment of a specific scenario were created randomly. Results of groups with different scenarios were compared. Based on this, it was verified that social desirability had an impact on integrity measurement if used 'Integrity questionnaire in the work environment'. KEYWORDS social desirability, response distortion, faking, testing, integrity
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Inhibition control in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Francová, Anna ; Preiss, Marek (advisor) ; Juríčková, Veronika (referee)
The response inhibition ability is part of executive functions, which may be defined as a set of higher cognitive processes particularly located in the frontal-subcortical circuits. Since the main obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) symptoms seem to be relevant to the inability of inhibiting certain stimuli, it can be assumed that response inhibition in these patients will be disrupted. Studies related to this topic have brought inconsistent results. Our research dealing with OCD patients has focused on two dimensions of the response inhibition - the behavioral inhibition, which generally includes the behavior control (for instance impulse control), and the cognitive interference, which is considered to be the cognitive component of inhibition process and is mostly associated with the control of internal cognitive processes. The first part of our research included the verification of hypothesis, stating that the increased severity of obsession is associated with the degree of disrupted ability of cognitive interference, while the severity of compulsions correlates with the degree of disrupted performance in tests measuring behavioral inhibition. The second research objective was to clarify whether the inhibition response ability was different between patients when the predominance of symptoms was...
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