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Influence of gait in high heels on posture, and division of pressure on the contact area of the feet and tne floor
Gajdoš, Miloslav ; Jandová, Soňa (advisor) ; Janura, Miroslav (referee) ; Šťastný, Petr (referee)
Title: Influence of gait in high heels on posture, and division of pressure on the contact area level of the feet and the floor Objective: The aim of the dissertation was to verify how walking in high-heeled shoes influences the time and pressure parameters of the step cycle and posture during slow and very slow walking in low experienced wearers. Methods: The research study was an empirical, comparative intra-individual study. Pedar-X® measuring inserts (Novel, Munich, Germany) were used to measure the distribution of plantar pressures and to evaluate time parameters while walking on a conveyor belt at v1 = 0.97 ms-1 and v2 = 0.56 ms-1 in straight shoes and high-heeled shoes. SonoSens Monitor Analyzer® (Gefremed, Chemnitz, Germany) was used to assess posture. The research group consisted of thirty healthy women wearing high-heeled shoes occasionally (age: 21.8 ± 2.09 years, weight: 55.7 ± 4.05 kg, height: 1.66 ± 0.03 m). Anova test and paired t-test were used for statistical analysis, and the Cohen coefficient d was used to calculate material significance. Results: Significant differences in time and plantar pressure variables were found when walking in high-heeled shoes compared to straight footwear. For both types of footwear, walking speed only affected time variables, but not dynamic...
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Assessment of selected aspects of postural control in transtibial amputees
Kolářová, Barbora ; Janura, Miroslav (advisor) ; Véle, František (referee)
ASSESSMENT OF SELECTED ASPECTS OF POSTURAL CONTROL IN TRANSTIBIAL AMPUTEES Abstract The aim of our study was to evaluate aspects of automatic and voluntary posture control in transtibial amputees with respect to cause of amputation, prosthesis alignment and prosthetic usage duration by means of dynamic computed posturography (NeuroCom® ). A total of 44 volunteers participated in our study (14 transtibial amputees due to trauma, 13 vascular transtibial amputees and 17 healthy subjects). Our results suggest, that transtibial amputees due to trauma have more similar posture behaviour with healthy subjects in compare to vascular amputees. Transtibial amputees due to trauma are able to effectively coordinate voluntary inclination of body on the side of amputated leg. Also the older traumatic amputees were, the worse they could control their posture - same as healthy subjects. Despite the fact that traumatic amputees were able to voluntary coordinate posture even on the side of amputated leg, within automatic posture reactions (on platform translations) they bore more weight on their non-amputated leg. In vascular amputees this tendency was not present. Tested prosthetic alignments didn't have significant influence on the posture control in transtibial amputees. Keywords: Lower limb amputation, posture control,...
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Gene expression analysis of selected UDP-glucosyltransferases from Haemonchus contortus
Janura, Michal ; Matoušková, Petra (advisor) ; Szotáková, Barbora (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biochemical Sciences Candidate: Mgr. Michal Janura Supervisor: Ing. Petra Matoušková, PhD. Title of thesis: Gene expression analysis of selected UDP-glucosyltransferases from Haemonchus contortus Haemonchosis is one of the most important parasitical diseases in small ruminants caused by Haemonchus contortus. Resistance to anthelmintics causes several problems in therapy of the disease and it increases costs of the therapy. With an effective therapy of resistant parasites the economical situation in agriculture would improve. Resistance mechanisms in H. contortus are still insufficiently understood. The resistant H. contortus isolate forms significantly more glucose conjugates of benzimidazole anthelmintic albendazole (ABZ) than the susceptible one. More than 40 UDP-glucosyl transferases (UGT) genes were identified in the genome of H. contortus, which displays a great variety in this family of enzymes. This thesis is a part of a systematic research focused on studying UGT enzymes, by which ABZ is detoxified. To investigate, which one of the UGTs is responsible for the increased metabolism of ABZ, mRNA levels of eight selected genes were analyzed by real-time PCR in adults of resistant isolate and compared with...
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The relationship between postural stability and physical activities
Gryc, Tomáš ; Zahálka, František (advisor) ; Janura, Miroslav (referee) ; Vavák, Miroslav (referee)
In the study "The relationship between postural stability and physical activities", we focused on determining the level of postural stability and the possibility of influencing by appropriate means of exercise intervention in people with increased physical activity and persons with physical limitations. Persons with increased physical activity were top players and players competing in various sports (football, handball, volleyball, golf) and those with physical limitations, patients suffering from diseases that have a negative impact on postural stability (Friedrich's ataxia, autosomal dominant spinocerebellar ataxia, Charlot-Marie- Tooth). Upright posture in stance and movement is a fundamental prerequisite for human bipedal locomotion. Postural stability is the ability to maintain an upright posture, which advises the motor and coordination skills, and its meaning is close to equilibrium abilities. Maintaining an upright posture is ensured by muscle activity, which is controlled by the central nervous system based on information from internal and external environment. Control of postural stability is the primary prerequisite for successful movement and as such it can be developed on the basis of appropriate physical activities. All methods of measuring static and dynamic postural stability can be...
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Biological activity of plant metabolites XXVIII. Alkaloids from selected cultivars of Narcissus cyclamineus REDOUTÉ and their influence on acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase
Janura, Michal ; Opletal, Lubomír (advisor) ; Chlebek, Jakub (referee)
Biological activity of plant metabolites XXVIII. Alkaloids from selected cultivars of Narcissus cyclamineus REDOUTÉ and their influence on acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase. JANURA M.: Diploma work, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Ecology, Hradec Králové 2015, Czech Republic. Abstract: The summary extracts of alkaloids from bulbs of N. cyclamineus esp. N. cyclamineus cv. Jenny, N. cyclamineus cv. Little Witch, N. cyclamineus cv. Rapture, N. cyclamineus cv. Surfside, N. cyclamineus cv. Peeping Tom, N. cyclamineus cv. Warbeld and N. cyclamineus cv. Skater's Waltz were obtained by the procedures common for this type of compounds. The alkaloid extracts were analyzed by GC/MS and the probable occurrence of individual alkaloid substances was observed. These extracts were also assayed for HuAChE and HuBuChE inhibitory activity. N. cyclamineus cv. Surfside with IC50 = 61,26 ± 6,42 µg/ml and N. cyclamineus cv. Warbeld with IC50 = 85,43 ± 11,13 µg/ml have the best results in inhibition of HuBuChE. The best inhibitory activity on HuAChE has N. cyclamineus cv. Warbeld with IC50 (HuAChE) = 36,82 ± 4,50 µg/ml. Key words: Narcissus, Acetylcholinesterase, Butyrylcholinesterase, GC/MS, Alzheimer's disease.
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Evaluation of the throwing motion in softball using surface electromyography and 2D and 3D kinematics analysis
Pravečková, Petra ; Süss, Vladimír (advisor) ; Bunc, Václav (referee) ; Janura, Miroslav (referee)
Headline: Evaluation of the throwing motion in softball using surface electromyography and 2D and 3D kinematics analysis Aim of the Thesis: To point out differences in the internal structure of various overhead throws (throwing motion in softball and in track & field (javelin), two-hand overhead throwing of a medicine ball). To describe these differences using surface electromyography and to find the cause thereof based on 2D and 3D kinematics analysis. Methods: Surface EMG measurement in combination with 2D and 3D kinematics analysis (using synchronized video recordings). Results: The results indicate differences amongst the mechanics of the throwing motion in individual disciplines. The relative timing of two various throwing motions is different from the viewpoint of an intra-individual comparison, except for the "normal throwing motion" and javelin throw from the spot, which have the same relative timing. The relative timing is different for other various throwing motions. With the use of 2D and 3D kinematics analysis, it is possible to find the causes of the differences in the internal structure of the measured throwing motions. From an intra-individual viewpoint, the relative timing of a single type of throwing motion does not change within the group of overhead throwingmotions. Key words:...
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