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Energy expenditure and nutritional substrate utilization in critically ill patients.
Korvasová, Hana ; Hronek, Miloslav (advisor) ; Havel, Eduard (referee)
This thesis deals with the measurement of (resting) energy expenditure and oxidation of nutritional substrates in critically ill patients, according to variously given nutritional support. The comparison of nutritional substrate incomes followed recommendation of the ESPEN guidance. Patients were examined by indirect calorimetry. This study included 9 critically ill patients on the ventilator, of which 1 patient was spontaneously breathing. (Resting) energy expenditure and oxidation of individual nutritional substrates were determined from the measured values. Firstly, the measurements were taken on fasting patients (without nutritional support). Secondly, a low caloric nutrition (1370 296.7 kcal/day) and lastly, normocaloric nutrition (2169.802 500.926 kcal/day) were given. This study also demonstrated the inaccuracy of resting energy expenditure estimation using predictive equations (the Harris-Benedict equation specifically), compared to the measured (R)EE by indirect calorimetry. According to the results of the HB-equation, resting energy expenditure decreased with increasing nutritional support. However, indirect calorimetry values showed the opposite, namely the increase in (resting) energy expenditure with increasing nutritional support. A statistically significant difference was found...
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Evaluation of diet composition by questionnaire method
Beránková, Hana ; Kovařík, Miroslav (advisor) ; Hronek, Miloslav (referee)
Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Author: Hana Beránková Supervisor: PharmDr. Miroslav Kovařík, PhD. Title of the thesis: Evaluation of diet composition by questionnaire method Theoretical introduction and aim of the thesis: Although there are a number of guaranteed good practices and definitions for healthy eating and the amount of recieved nutrients is a totally individual matter, in general we can say it is mainly a balanced amount of essential nutrients (carbohydrates, proteins, lipids), additional nutrients (vitamins and minerals) and sufficient amount of water that keeps the human body in stable homeostasis. The aim of this thesis was to get an overview of this issue and to focus on practical research consisting in monitoring of nutritional intake of energy, nutrients, vitamins and minerals in a selected group of people and in the end to compare the results with the recommended values. Methods: Testing took place in the form of weekly records of all food intake and physical activity in a group of randomly selected persons aged 20-30. The study was conducted from March to May 2018. The data were processed by NutriDan computer program and with using Compendium of physical activities from 2011. Results: The results of such...
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The clinical application of bioimpedance spectroscopy in polytrauma patients and in pregnant women
Josková, Věra ; Hronek, Miloslav (advisor) ; Kacerovský, Marian (referee)
Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Candidate: Mgr. Věra Josková Supervisor: doc. PharmDr. Miloslav Hronek, Ph.D. Title of Doctoral Thesis: The clinical application of bioimpedance spectroscopy in polytrauma patients and in pregnant women Introduction and Objectives: Bioimpedance spectroscopy (BIS) is a non-invasive method determining the amount of body fluids and their distribution into the extracellular (ECW) and intracellular (ICW) space, based on the tissue resistance. It has already been applied in many clinical trials in healthy volunteers and in different groups of patients to assess body composition. Furthermore, it seems to be useful in nutritional counseling. However, in critically ill patients hospitalized in intensive care unit (ICU) or in pregnant women, this method has not been used in routine clinical practice as yet. Both of these groups are characterized by the state of increased body fluids. For this reason, BIS could be applied in respective groups of patients. Hence, the main aims of this doctoral thesis were: 1) to describe in detail the principle and the previous use of BIS; 2) to use the BIS to determine the degree of hyperhydratation of patients with polytrauma (PP), and to evaluate the results with the...
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Phylogenetic and taxonomic characterization of new haloarchaea related to natronomonas.
Šantorová, Anna ; Hronek, Miloslav (advisor) ; Jílek, Petr (referee)
Candidate: Anna Šantorová Title of diploma thesis: Phylogenetic and taxonomic characterization of new haloarchaea related to Natronomonas. Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy Department of Biological and Medicinal Sciences University of Sevilla, Faculty of Pharmacy Department of Microbiology and Parasitology Study program: Pharmacy This work continues with the characterization of new Archaea related to the genus Natronomonas isolated from hypersaline waters of solar salterns located near the city of Huelva in the southwest of Spain. These microorganisms need a high concentration of salts in the environment for their survival and growth. Ana Durán-Viseras started with their characterization and I was participating on the continuation of the project during my stay in Sevilla. To complete the phylogenetic studies, we amplified the rpoB' gene of the potentially new species of Archaea as a part of MLSA and we created a phylogenetic tree. Based on these results we came to the conclusion that they represent new genus, which was later confirmed by the analysis of polar lipids profile by the HPTLC method. We have determined the guanine and cytosine content, which is part of the taxonomic characterization of new prokaryotic species. We have started the phenotypic characterization.
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Oxidative stress biomarkers of the erythrocyte in the newborn - a follow-up study
Zubatá, Karolína ; Čečková, Martina (advisor) ; Hronek, Miloslav (referee)
Charles University University of Porto Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Faculty of Pharmacy Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Department of Biological Sciences Student: Karolína Zubatá Supervisor: doc. PharmDr. Martina Čečková, Ph.D. Consultants: Susana Rocha, Ph.D., prof. Alice Santos-Silva, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: Oxidative stress biomarkers of the erythrocyte in the newborn - a follow-up study Increased levels of oxidative stress (OS) have been described in healthy, full-term newborns as a consequence of the drastic changes introduced by birth and by the exposure to extrauterine environment. Our intention was to examine the OS levels in red blood cells (RBCs) of neonates and to further understand the changes that the newborn organism undergoes with its newly- acquired autonomy as this knowledge is limited and there are no reference values. Umbilical cord blood samples were collected from a small population of newborns (n = 8) and several hematological and biochemistry parameters were evaluated. Our experimental data consist of OS biomarkers measurements performed in different fractions of blood (RBC membrane, total RBCs and plasma): membrane bound hemoglobin (MBH), lipid peroxidation (LPO), quantification of catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities,...
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Exercise as Medicine. Growth Hormone Response to High-intensity Interval Training
Bažantová, Michaela ; Nachtigal, Petr (advisor) ; Hronek, Miloslav (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Student: Michaela Bažantová Supervisor: Ass. Prof. Petr Nachtigal, Ph.D. Title of Diploma thesis: Exercise as Medicine: Growth Hormone Response to High- -intensity Interval Training The present research focused on growth hormone response to exercise is part of a wider project related to the beneficial effect of high-intensity interval training and therefore is related to the topic of "exercise as medicine". We hypothesized that as shown by Booth et al, in several systems of our organism (such as the cardiovascular system, skeletal system etc.) our genome is maladapted, because of our reduced physical activity compared to our ancestors. Therefore, also the growth hormone response (GH) to exercise is decreased. Several mechanisms, such as increased lactate concentration in blood, increased hydrogen ion concentration in the blood, afferent signals from muscle metabolic receptors etc., have been proposed as stimuli for the GH response to exercise. The aim of the present research is the study of a possible metabolic stimulus of a relative muscular hypoxia, which is the ratio between energy demand and oxygen availability, as the main regulator of the growth hormone production.
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Evaluation of muscle strength among groups with varying degrees of physical activity
Voplakalová, Sabina ; Kovařík, Miroslav (advisor) ; Hronek, Miloslav (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Student: Sabina Voplakalová Supervisor of master thesis: PharmDr. Miroslav Kovařík, Ph.D. Title of master thesis: Evaluation of muscle strength among groups with varying degrees of physical activity The aim of this thesis was to elaborate the existing knowledge about the composition of the human body, muscle strength depending on the different levels of physical activity and methods that can be used for evaluation. The next goal was to collect custom data on a selected group of people using available devices and finding statistically significant associations between individual parameters. A total of 24 healthy individuals with variable physical activity, aged 21-27 years (10 males, 14 females), were divided into two groups, according to the average energy expenditure. Data collection included basic anthropometric measurements, determination of body composition by means of bioimpedance spectroscopy, spirometric parameters and muscle force by means of digital pinchgrip/myometer. Significant statistical differences between the measured groups were found in body mass, body mass index and peak expiratory flow. When evaluating maximum strength, the groups were different in flexion of ankle and elbow....
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The clinical application of bioimpedance spectroscopy in polytrauma patients and in pregnant women
Josková, Věra ; Hronek, Miloslav (advisor) ; Vlček, Jiří (referee) ; Kacerovský, Marian (referee)
Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Candidate: Mgr. Věra Josková Supervisor: doc. PharmDr. Miloslav Hronek, Ph.D. Title of Doctoral Thesis: The clinical application of bioimpedance spectroscopy in polytrauma patients and in pregnant women Introduction and Objectives: Bioimpedance spectroscopy (BIS) is a non-invasive method determining the amount of body fluids and their distribution into the extracellular (ECW) and intracellular (ICW) space, based on the tissue resistance. It has already been applied in many clinical trials in healthy volunteers and in different groups of patients to assess body composition. Furthermore, it seems to be useful in nutritional counseling. However, in critically ill patients hospitalized in intensive care unit (ICU) or in pregnant women, this method has not been used in routine clinical practice as yet. Both of these groups are characterized by the state of increased body fluids. For this reason, BIS could be applied in respective groups of patients. Hence, the main aims of this doctoral thesis were: 1) to describe in detail the principle and the previous use of BIS; 2) to use the BIS to determine the degree of hyperhydratation of patients with polytrauma (PP), and to evaluate the results with the...
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Evaluation of muscle endurance among groups with varying degrees of physical activity
Pospíšilová, Markéta ; Kovařík, Miroslav (advisor) ; Hronek, Miloslav (referee)
Aim of this thesis is to compare muscle endurance in group of people with different physical activity. For this thesis we chose 24 people, specifically 14 women and 10 men, who were 21-27 years old and we divided them into two groups according to their daily energy expenditure into active and inactive group. Because of the fact that during physical activity ratio of body composition changes, part of this thesis was also anthropological measurement, where we measured body composition of every person by method of bioimpedance and also their weight and height. We also measured spirometry parameters. Then we used myometer and pinchgrip for measurement of muscle endurance in selected group of muscles in half of maximal strength. We discovered significant differences in muscle endurance in various groups of muscle. In some groups of muscles we proved significantly higher values of muscle endurance (determined as time of endurance test and area under the curve of dependence of muscle strength on time) in the group of people with higher daily energy expenditure. We successfully proved significant association of muscle endurance with energy expenditure, body composition and spirometrical parameters.
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Indirect calorimetry application in two different insulin-resistant states - polytrauma and pregnancy
Patková, Anna ; Hronek, Miloslav (advisor) ; Havel, Eduard (referee) ; Kacerovský, Marian (referee)
Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Candidate: Mgr. Anna Patková Supervisor: doc. PharmDr. Miloslav Hronek, Ph.D. Title of Doctoral Thesis: Indirect calorimetry application in two different insulin-resistant states - polytrauma and pregnancy Introduction and Objective: Indirect calorimetry is the gold standard for energy expenditure (EE) determination that is currently considered to be the best indicator of individual energy requirements - both in health and in illness. Although polytrauma and pregnancy could seem as two physiologically different states, they are quite similar in metabolic terms. Both in polytrauma and in late pregnancy, catabolism increases energy expenditure and insulin resistance occurs. Not only common characteristics mentioned above distinguish these two groups from healthy individuals and non-pregnant women. The aim of this dissertation was to describe the metabolism of polytrauma patients and healthy pregnant women together with the factors that affect it. Besides energy expenditure, this work focuses on respiratory quotient (RQ; in polytrauma also in relation to indirect prognostic markers), which characterizes nutritional substrate oxidations. In pregnant women, the dissertation is also focused on the...
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