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Synthesis and evaluation of transdermal drug permeation enhancers
Kopečná, Monika ; Vávrová, Kateřina (advisor) ; Doležal, Pavel (referee) ; Hampl, František (referee)
Penetration enhancers are compounds that facilitate transdermal drug delivery, which is an advantageous pathway of drug administration (compared to conventional methods). However, skin acts as formidable barrier enabling terrestrial life by protecting the inner body from the environmental conditions, microbes and substances. Thus, for drug administration via this pathway, some approach to temporary increase the skin permeability (e.g. permeation enhancer) should be employed. Despite the existence of many enhancer classes, there is still a need for new compounds enhancing broader spectrum of drugs, with reversible mode of action and better safety profile. One of the promising approaches is to explore natural compounds with low toxicity and irritation potential. In this thesis, I first studied various glucose and galactose derivatives bearing structural fragments that were responsible for enhancing activity of previously studied enhancers (e.g. amino acid derivatives, fatty acids and alcohols, modified ceramides). A detailed examination of these sugar- based compounds revealed potent glucoside and galactoside enhancers (12Glc6N and A15) comparable to or better than Span 20 with reversible mode of action and acceptable toxicity on keratinocyte and fibroblast cell lines. Another part of my work builds...
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"Drug Delivery" systems for nuclear medicine
Kučka, Jan ; Lešetický, Ladislav (advisor) ; Smrček, Stanislav (referee) ; Hampl, František (referee) ; Hampl, Richard (referee)
5. SummarY in Czech (Souhrn) Podařilo se stabilně vilzat skvantitativním ýěŽkem '''At na potenciálně ořímopouŽitelnýnosič,kteýdobřeodolávásilnéradio|ysevyvolanécr- ;;il; zllAt. íIavícse poáařilo částečněozřejmit chování ,''At vůči redukčněoxidačnímp.o""'ů. a stabilizovat jej v chemické formě astatidu vhodné pro značenízvoleného systému. Byly připraveny a charalÍerizovány modelové rozpustné systémy nuuizě.,e^ pio cílenímakromo1ekul do kostní tkáně a za|oŽené na statisticlcýc.h kopolymerech N-l2-(hydroxypropyl)].methakrylamidu , Ínono,n"."* obsahujítímhydroxybisfosfonátové skupiny. Byla prokázána rychlá a účinnáadsorpce cílěnýchpolymerů na in vitro model kostní tkáně hydroxyapatit (většiná polymeru je nasorbována během 1 minuty inkubace; u ruao- piípadůbylo nasorbováno za tuto dobu přes 80 % polymeru). MnoŽstvípolymeruadsorbovanéhonahydroxyapatitjesilnězávislé |r"á"usirn na.obsahu hydroxybisfosfonáj9Úch skupin v polymeru. Byly irip.uu"ny systémy ousátru.ji modelová léčívavázaná na polyrner stabilní .u,nioi"tou, nya.oíyti"ty sicpitelnou hydrazonovou vazbou. Na pol1mer uvi" """a'*ó "n".i"té kancerostatikum (doxorubicin), radiodiagnostikum |úin)u model radioterapeutika ('25|. Byl připraven, charakterizován,.. omačen a in vivo otestován termoresponsivní systémnesoucí 1311 u 90y. Byla pozorována dobrá...
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Synthesis of human ω-O-acylceramides and evaluation of their effects on barrier properties of skin lipid membranes
Opálka, Lukáš ; Vávrová, Kateřina (advisor) ; Hampl, František (referee) ; Kučerka, Norbert (referee)
Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Inorganic and Organic chemistry Candidate: Mgr. Lukáš Opálka Supervisor: doc. PharmDr. Kateřina Vávrová, Ph.D. Title of doctoral thesis: Synthesis of human ω-O-acylceramides and evaluation of their effects on barrier properties of skin lipid membranes The main objective of this work was to synthesize and study human acylceramides (acylCer, ceramides of the EO type) with the focus on the relationships between the acylCer concentration , structure of their polar head, their ability to form lamellar phases and permeability of model lipid membranes. Another objective was to synthesize ceramide-1-phosphates for the study of their signaling role in skin barrier and an analogue of ganglioside GM1 with shorter acyl chain as a standard for analysis of these lipids. Ceramides (Cer) belong to the family of sphingolipids. They are the central molecules in sphingolipid metabolism, they participate on cell regulatory processes and the formation of human skin lipid barrier. The main skin barrier is situated in the stratum corneum (SC), which is the uppermost layer of skin. The purpose of SC is to maintain homeostasis of the inner environment and to prevent the penetration of exogenous substances, allergens and bacteria to the...
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Synthesis and Biological Activity of Novel Natural Product Derivatives
Horký, Pavel ; Pour, Milan (advisor) ; Hampl, František (referee) ; Miletín, Miroslav (referee)
Within the framework of this Thesis, several series of 3,4-diphenylfuranones related to both combretastatin A-4 and antifungal 5-(acyloxymethyl)-3-(halophenyl)-2,5-dihydrofuran-2-ones was prepared. Cytotoxic effects on a panel of cancer and normal cell lines as well as antiinfective activity were evaluated, and the data were complemented with tests for the activation of caspase 3 and 7. High cytotoxicity was observed in some of the halogenated analogues, eg. 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-4-(4-methylphenyl)-2,5-dihydrofuran-2-one with IC50 0.12-0.23 µM, but the compounds were also highly toxic against non-malignant control cells. Interestingly, notable antibacterial activity indicating G(+) selectivity has been found in the 3,4-diarylfuranone class of compounds for the first time. Hydroxymethylation of furanone C5 knocked out cytotoxic effects (up to 40 µM) while maintaining significant activity against Staphylococcus strains in some derivatives. MIC95 of the most promising compound, 3-(4- bromophenyl)-5,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)-4-(4-methylphenyl)-2,5-dihydrofuran-2-one against S. aureus strain ATCC 6538 was 0.98 µM a 3.9 µM after 24 h and 48 h, respectively. Following synthesis of closely related pyrrolidinones, enantioselectivity of the key step (Seyferth-Gilbert homologation) was tested. A new conditions...
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Synthesis and evaluation of transdermal drug permeation enhancers
Kopečná, Monika ; Vávrová, Kateřina (advisor) ; Doležal, Pavel (referee) ; Hampl, František (referee)
Penetration enhancers are compounds that facilitate transdermal drug delivery, which is an advantageous pathway of drug administration (compared to conventional methods). However, skin acts as formidable barrier enabling terrestrial life by protecting the inner body from the environmental conditions, microbes and substances. Thus, for drug administration via this pathway, some approach to temporary increase the skin permeability (e.g. permeation enhancer) should be employed. Despite the existence of many enhancer classes, there is still a need for new compounds enhancing broader spectrum of drugs, with reversible mode of action and better safety profile. One of the promising approaches is to explore natural compounds with low toxicity and irritation potential. In this thesis, I first studied various glucose and galactose derivatives bearing structural fragments that were responsible for enhancing activity of previously studied enhancers (e.g. amino acid derivatives, fatty acids and alcohols, modified ceramides). A detailed examination of these sugar- based compounds revealed potent glucoside and galactoside enhancers (12Glc6N and A15) comparable to or better than Span 20 with reversible mode of action and acceptable toxicity on keratinocyte and fibroblast cell lines. Another part of my work builds...
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Synthesis of substituted nitrogen heterocycles as potential antitubercular agents
Němeček, Jan ; Roh, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Vinšová, Jarmila (referee) ; Hampl, František (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Candidate: Mgr. Jan Němeček Supervisor: Assoc. Prof. PharmDr. Jaroslav Roh, PhD Title of doctoral thesis: Synthesis of substituted nitrogen heterocycles as potential antitubercular agents Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the most common causes of death in the world. It is an infectious disease caused by Mycobactetrium tuberculosis (M.tb.). Worldwide, it is estimated that only in 2017 TB caused 1.6 million deaths and 10 million new cases of TB have appeared. TB is treatable and curable disease, but multidrug-resistant (MDR-TB) and extensively drug- resistant (XDR-TB) strains of TB have appeared and the treatment of these resistant strains of TB is very complicated. During the last several decades, only two new antitubercular drugs bedaquilin and delamanid have been introduced into the clinical practice. Thus the development of new antitubercular drug is still very important. In our group, we developed new antitubercular compounds based on 3,5- dinitrobenzylsulphanyl tetrazole and oxa(thia)diazole, whose efficient concentrations reached tens of nM against drug susceptible and drug-resistant strains of M. tb. In my work, I dealt with both structural types. At first, we prepared series of substituted 5-(3-...
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Synthesis and evaluation of transdermal drug permeation enhancers
Kopečná, Monika ; Vávrová, Kateřina (advisor) ; Doležal, Pavel (referee) ; Hampl, František (referee)
Penetration enhancers are compounds that facilitate transdermal drug delivery, which is an advantageous pathway of drug administration (compared to conventional methods). However, skin acts as formidable barrier enabling terrestrial life by protecting the inner body from the environmental conditions, microbes and substances. Thus, for drug administration via this pathway, some approach to temporary increase the skin permeability (e.g. permeation enhancer) should be employed. Despite the existence of many enhancer classes, there is still a need for new compounds enhancing broader spectrum of drugs, with reversible mode of action and better safety profile. One of the promising approaches is to explore natural compounds with low toxicity and irritation potential. In this thesis, I first studied various glucose and galactose derivatives bearing structural fragments that were responsible for enhancing activity of previously studied enhancers (e.g. amino acid derivatives, fatty acids and alcohols, modified ceramides). A detailed examination of these sugar- based compounds revealed potent glucoside and galactoside enhancers (12Glc6N and A15) comparable to or better than Span 20 with reversible mode of action and acceptable toxicity on keratinocyte and fibroblast cell lines. Another part of my work builds...
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Synthesis and Biological Activity of Novel Natural Product Derivatives
Horký, Pavel ; Pour, Milan (advisor) ; Hampl, František (referee) ; Miletín, Miroslav (referee)
Within the framework of this Thesis, several series of 3,4-diphenylfuranones related to both combretastatin A-4 and antifungal 5-(acyloxymethyl)-3-(halophenyl)-2,5-dihydrofuran-2-ones was prepared. Cytotoxic effects on a panel of cancer and normal cell lines as well as antiinfective activity were evaluated, and the data were complemented with tests for the activation of caspase 3 and 7. High cytotoxicity was observed in some of the halogenated analogues, eg. 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-4-(4-methylphenyl)-2,5-dihydrofuran-2-one with IC50 0.12-0.23 µM, but the compounds were also highly toxic against non-malignant control cells. Interestingly, notable antibacterial activity indicating G(+) selectivity has been found in the 3,4-diarylfuranone class of compounds for the first time. Hydroxymethylation of furanone C5 knocked out cytotoxic effects (up to 40 µM) while maintaining significant activity against Staphylococcus strains in some derivatives. MIC95 of the most promising compound, 3-(4- bromophenyl)-5,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)-4-(4-methylphenyl)-2,5-dihydrofuran-2-one against S. aureus strain ATCC 6538 was 0.98 µM a 3.9 µM after 24 h and 48 h, respectively. Following synthesis of closely related pyrrolidinones, enantioselectivity of the key step (Seyferth-Gilbert homologation) was tested. A new conditions...
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Synthesis of substituted nitrogen heterocycles as potential antitubercular agents
Němeček, Jan ; Roh, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Vinšová, Jarmila (referee) ; Hampl, František (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Candidate: Mgr. Jan Němeček Supervisor: Assoc. Prof. PharmDr. Jaroslav Roh, PhD Title of doctoral thesis: Synthesis of substituted nitrogen heterocycles as potential antitubercular agents Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the most common causes of death in the world. It is an infectious disease caused by Mycobactetrium tuberculosis (M.tb.). Worldwide, it is estimated that only in 2017 TB caused 1.6 million deaths and 10 million new cases of TB have appeared. TB is treatable and curable disease, but multidrug-resistant (MDR-TB) and extensively drug- resistant (XDR-TB) strains of TB have appeared and the treatment of these resistant strains of TB is very complicated. During the last several decades, only two new antitubercular drugs bedaquilin and delamanid have been introduced into the clinical practice. Thus the development of new antitubercular drug is still very important. In our group, we developed new antitubercular compounds based on 3,5- dinitrobenzylsulphanyl tetrazole and oxa(thia)diazole, whose efficient concentrations reached tens of nM against drug susceptible and drug-resistant strains of M. tb. In my work, I dealt with both structural types. At first, we prepared series of substituted 5-(3-...
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Synthesis of human ω-O-acylceramides and evaluation of their effects on barrier properties of skin lipid membranes
Opálka, Lukáš ; Vávrová, Kateřina (advisor) ; Hampl, František (referee) ; Kučerka, Norbert (referee)
Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Inorganic and Organic chemistry Candidate: Mgr. Lukáš Opálka Supervisor: doc. PharmDr. Kateřina Vávrová, Ph.D. Title of doctoral thesis: Synthesis of human ω-O-acylceramides and evaluation of their effects on barrier properties of skin lipid membranes The main objective of this work was to synthesize and study human acylceramides (acylCer, ceramides of the EO type) with the focus on the relationships between the acylCer concentration , structure of their polar head, their ability to form lamellar phases and permeability of model lipid membranes. Another objective was to synthesize ceramide-1-phosphates for the study of their signaling role in skin barrier and an analogue of ganglioside GM1 with shorter acyl chain as a standard for analysis of these lipids. Ceramides (Cer) belong to the family of sphingolipids. They are the central molecules in sphingolipid metabolism, they participate on cell regulatory processes and the formation of human skin lipid barrier. The main skin barrier is situated in the stratum corneum (SC), which is the uppermost layer of skin. The purpose of SC is to maintain homeostasis of the inner environment and to prevent the penetration of exogenous substances, allergens and bacteria to the...
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