|
|
New approaches in vaccination against HIV
Dobiášová, Julie ; Drda Morávková, Alena (advisor) ; Strachotová, Dita (referee)
A B S T R A C T Most current vaccines are based on using whole-inactivated viruses. After creating the immune response and immune memory is organism able to cope with infection create by patogens. In the case of HIV, however, fail to produce the vaccine, which would have been able vaccinated individual from subsequent infections protect. Virus HIV attacks CD4+ cells and destroys the immune system. Rate of his replication is high and virus HIV is resistant to existed antivirotics. And he is resistant before cells, which conveying the immune response. Moreover, the virus persists in cell in the form proviral DNA. For a successful vaccine against HIV is developed a lot of new vaccines and vaccination procedures. One way is the using recombinat viral glycoproteins, which are incorporated into the membrane of virus HIV, which should produce in the vaccinated organism production of neutralizing antibodies. Some modern models of vaccines strategies don't target the virus itself, but they target the restriction of HIV infection by destroying infected cells via apoptosis, or cytokine secretion. Using plasmid DNA cobination with recombinant vectors appear as the most perepective opportinity to develop HIV vaccine. Unfortunately, traditional models or new models of vaccine against HIV are failing to provide a...
|
|
|
Interaction of influenza virus with cell defence mechanisms
Vochyánová, Klára ; Drda Morávková, Alena (advisor) ; Mikušová, Gabriela (referee)
Influenza virus infection is one of the most current problems nowadays. Its unique ability to strongly inhibit cell immune response on many different levels and its pandemic potential make it a subject of interest of many research groups. The Influenza virus uses mainly NS1 protein to inhibit the immune response. NS1 protein is able, on one hand, to bind RNA and mask it against recognition by cellular sensors and other proteins. On the other hand, NS1 protein possesses a catalytic domain. Using this domain it interacts with many cellular proteins, interferes with signal transduction and guarantees successful infection. NS1 protein is one of principal pathogenicity instruments of the Influenza virus and it deserves appropriate attention.
|
|
|
Vaccination - yes or no? Public perception of the benefits of vaccines
Chudomelová, Iva ; Drda Morávková, Alena (advisor) ; Jelínek, Michael (referee)
Thanks to the vaccination were saved millions of lifes around the world, but this topic raises some controversy. Many European countries abolished the obligatory tuberculosis vaccination. The main argument was steadily decreasing incidence of infectious diseases and burdening BCG vaccination for the newbors and more adverse reactions detected in recent years. The cause of their formation is probably connected with other antigens. The downtrend in the incidence of TB is recorded only in some states, mainly in Western Europe. With respect to the current demographic situation and legal or illegal migration, it is continue necessary to take this disease seriously and to investigate the new vaccination strategies.
|
|
|
New prevention strategies in HIV infection
Buriánková, Lucie ; Španielová, Hana (advisor) ; Drda Morávková, Alena (referee)
This bachelor theses deals with the new preventive methods in the fight against HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus). Chapter 1 is aimed at the HIV characterization. The next chapters dwell on the preventive methods, whether these are ABC methods (abstinence from sex, being faithful, use of condoms), which belonging to the old preventive strategy in HIV struggle or innovation methods like male circumcision, vaginal diaphragm, microbicides and HIV vaccines. The final chapter deals with the situation in Czech Republic and various ways of educational training at czech schools.
|
|
|
Use of natural science museums and collections for educational purposes
Jandová, Jana ; Rajsiglová, Ina (advisor) ; Drda Morávková, Alena (referee)
Nowadays there is a considerable tendency towards encouraging students to seek for information and deepen their knowledge themselves rather than classical frontal educational methods. Thanks to this trend teachers tend to use i.e. museum collections for educational purposes in order to present life in the past as well as at present to students in a more enjoyable way. Everything that students learn by their own experience is sure to be remembered more vividly. The aim of my Master Thesis is to propose excursions to four selected museums. Worksheets are to be provided for each excursion and shall be tested in practice as well. The conclusion of the Master Thesis is that museums strive to attract schools with various educational programs, lectures and excursions. Nevertheless, they concentrate mainly on social sciences. Educational programs, intended solely for natural sciences or biology, are very rare. However, biology teachers may - to a considerable extent - use wide variety of expositions and collections of museums. Key words: excursion, educational program, worksheet, museum, children's museums
|
|
|
Analysis of selected secondary structures of nucleic acids
Skružný, Petr ; Mokrejš, Martin (advisor) ; Drda Morávková, Alena (referee)
This work introduces a database of experimentally verified structures of nucleic acids which were collected from published scientific literature. The database is annotated and the structures are analysed from the perspective of quality and it was found that the experimentally obtained data are not always sufficient - their supporting evidence is often limited and their quality is not convincing. This work also discusses some of the problems, that can be encountered when the structures are experimentally probed. Contents of the database were compared to the RFAM database and despite of its small range it contains 80 new structures. The complete database of 166 structures can be possibly used to optimise software used to predict derived structures of nucleic acids. Furthermore, the work presents several possible ways of improvement of the quality of contained structures.
|
|
|
Teaching Biotechnology at Secondary School
Ouřadová, Věra ; Čížková, Věra (advisor) ; Drda Morávková, Alena (referee)
Biotechnology accompanies human society from its distant past and certainly will have a major impact on its future. For this reason, young people should become familiar with biotechnology in matters of its nature, potential and risks, not only through the media, but also and particulary in context of school education. This work is dedicated to teaching of biotechnology at the secondary level, and its first objective is to characterise its current state. For this purpose an analysis of curriculum and textbooks of secondary level was performed and indicative survey of knowledge of biotechnology and attitudes towards it among students aged 14-19 years was conducted. The second goal is to propose a possible way of including biotechnology topics in education, firstly as a part of school curriculum, and furthermore through educational materials oriented on the practical work of students connected with active knowledge acquisition and shaping their attitude towards it.
|
|
|
Genetic, humoral and cellular factors of development of autoimmune diseases
Růžičková, Šárka ; Černá, Marie (advisor) ; Kalina, Tomáš (referee) ; Drda Morávková, Alena (referee)
Autoimmune diseases currently represent the most serious medical issues, mainly due to generally increasing number of patients with these diseases. Their pathogenesis is likely caused by hereditary factors, cellular and humoral interactions influenced by external environmental factors, whose knowledge is important both for diagnostics and therapy, and for theoretical immunology. The aim was to examine the correlation between genetic alterations and the production of autoantibodies, clinical manifestation of the disease; to identify joint autoantigens, further to demonstrate development of leukemic cells from originally autoreactive B cells, the role of B lymphocytes in the pathogenesis of the disease and finally to develop a method for detection of B cells recognizing a defined autoantigen. Several predisposing polymorphisms were revealed using genetic analysis however, they were not exclusively associated either to clinical forms of the disease or usable as prediction markers. In addition, the frequency of alleles IL-1RN * 2 and PD3.1 showed ethno- geographical differences and a critical role of size of sample cohorts in assessing of significance of particular polymorphism was demonstrated in GWA studies. The combination of examination of anti-CCP and IgM RF was found as the best and most...
|
|
| |
|
|
Non-coding RNA in hepresvirus infection
Pelák, Ondřej ; Holá, Dana (referee) ; Drda Morávková, Alena (advisor)
MiRNAs are endogenous short RNAs that are well conserved in eukaryotic organisms and are thought to be a vital and evolutionarily ancient component of genetic regulation. Their key role is in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. Some viruses were able to utilize the capabilities of these tiny RNAs to regulate their own gen expression or to regulate host gene expression in use of avoidance from immunity answers to their presence. Among these viruses belongs also the Herpesviridae family. Members of this family are using miRNA in various ways, from regulation of their own gene expression to targeting host mRNA, which prevents translation of factors related to immune answers. This work is intent on biogenesis of miRNA, its mechanism, function and manner in which it is used by representatives from Herpesviridae family.
|
guest ::
