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Principles of, and tools for business ethics
Strakoš, Martin ; Seknička, Pavel (advisor) ; Bažantová, Ilona (referee)
Diplomová práce Principy a nástroje podnikatelské etiky 109 Principles and Instruments of Business Ethics Resume The dominant theme of this diploma thesis is principles and instruments of business ethics. The paper consists of three main parts. The first part contains opening information, necessary for proper understanding of the business ethics itself. The elementary philosophical terms are explained, as they make it easier to grasp the rest of the paper. The chapters on philosophical roots of ethics and on relationship between law and ethics follow. Knowledge mastered by reading these chapters helps the reader to set the main questions of business ethics into broader context and thus to better understand them. The following chapter serves as a bridge between the introductory part and parts which deal with the business ethics itself. It familiarizes the terms of economical theory and introduces the questions of business ethics. This chapter points to the cohesion between ethics, economics and law. The next chapters are focused on particular aspects of business ethics. Term of values plays the lead role, therefore it is examined in detail in separate chapter. Principles and instruments together with methods form so called ethical infrastructure of organization. Analysis of the ethical infrastructure itself...
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Resolving banking crises
Juhász, Michal ; Seknička, Pavel (advisor) ; Bažantová, Ilona (referee)
The Diploma Thesis deals with the banking crisis and aims to account for different approaches to the understanding of the nature of banking crisis. The Thesis further aims to provide answers why the banking crisis are caused and why so far there are no measures that would effectivelly prevent such crisis. At first, the Thesis states the definition of banking with the emphasis on banks as the institutional backbone of the current functioning of the financial system. The Thesis pays specific attention to the characteristics of two basic legal banking instruments, particulary loans and deposits. While acknowledging the loan expansion, the thesis argues the role of regulatory authorities and the limits of their competences in regards to the prevention of crisis. Followingly, the Thesis offers a view on a banking crisis phenomenon with appropriate historical overview outlining the banking crisis in Czechoslovakia in years 1918 to 1939 and after 1989, the loan expension influence on the business cycles and approaches to banking crisis solving in respect to stabilization of the banking system and restructuring of banks. At last but not least, the Thesis sums up the global financial crisis that started as a banking crisis, respectively as a crisis of one segment of the banking market in the United States...
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Principles of the tax justice
Huspeková, Marie ; Seknička, Pavel (advisor) ; Bažantová, Ilona (referee)
This thesis is an interdisciplinary perspective on the issue of fair distribution of the tax burden. Taxes are assessed in terms of its purpose, which is to establish resources for the payment of government spending . Attention is focused on the moral and ethical aspects of the impact of the tax burden in human behavior and decision making. The work is divided into four chapters . The first chapter is devoted to human beings , its behavior and decision-making capabilities and comprehensive view of human individuality. One is set in the perspective of living and farming. The second chapter contains a brief look at the concepts of justice , focusing on the relationship between justice and ethical values selected . In the third chapter, the evaluation of the structure of the tax system and individual taxation, with a focus on tax fairness in economic sense . The fourth chapter is devoted to some aspects of international taxation. In conclusion, the thesis are evaluated conflicts tax fairness with other values .
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Financing of a business - economic and legal issues
Diviš, Jaroslav ; Hraba, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Bažantová, Ilona (referee)
This final thesis deals with various ways of financing a business which are discussed from both economic and legal perspective. The purpose of the thesis is to provide an overview of main possibilities how to finance a business together with stating the related legislation. Different sources of financing are assessed according to their costs, accessibility, flexibility and other criteria. The financing solutions stated in the thesis are discussed mainly from point of view of joint-stock company. In some cases, the author points out also the legislation related to limited liability company. The thesis is divided into four chapters that are further subdivided. The aim of Chapter One is to provide a basis for the following chapters. It includes definitions of the main terms, short overview of the most important legislation which is relevant to the topic, different approaches to classification of financial sources and also the key factors which influence the choice between various solutions when financing a business. Chapter Two examines sources of financing which are related to shareholders' equity. Major part of this chapter deals with creation of and increase in registered capital. The question whether to pay out the profit to the shareholders or to use it for future development of the business is...
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Economic and legal aspects of direct foreign investments - an example of India
Janů, Petr ; Bažantová, Ilona (advisor) ; Hraba, Zdeněk (referee)
66 Title: Economic and legal aspects of foreign direct investments on example of India Key words: International taxation, Protection of investments, Foreign direct investments (Mezinárodní zdanění, Ochrana investic, Přímé zahraniční investice) Abstract: The main goal of this paper is to look into economic and legal aspects of foreign direct (hereafter FDI) on the example of India as one of the most important global players in this field. The paper is composed of three chapters, each of them dealing with different aspects of FDI. Chapter one is introductory. It examines basic facts of FDI on general level as well as the Indian level. It also provides an outline of relevant Indian legislation towards FDI. Chapter two is subdivided into four parts and provides an answer to this question: How do states try to attract investments? Part one describes legislation of investment protection, part two describes legislation of international taxation, part three focuses on investment incentives and finally, part four gives us an example of institutions founded to support the investments. If it was not for the economic reforms, India would not be so attractive for the international capital. That is why chapter three concentrates on Indian economic reforms and also provides former evolution of FDI inflows into India and...
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Economic Analysis of Law in the Field of Liability for Damage
Przeczek, Michal ; Bažantová, Ilona (advisor) ; Borkovec, Aleš (referee)
Economic Analysis of Law in the Field of Liability for Damages This thesis focuses on the application of economic analysis of law, which is an approach enabling an alternative view of legal institutions because of its specific methodology. Although this theoretical school originated in the common law system, which is still its realm, the thesis shows potential overlaps to the system of civil law. Questions concerning civil liability for damages are examined as an example of a possible application. The initial chapter of the thesis is concerned with introducing the economic analysis of law. At first, it briefly describes its historical development including links to some related schools. Foundations, areas of resesarch, basic concepts and methodology are also examined in this chapter. The specific application of economic approach in relation to civil liability for damages is discussed in the second part. It describes the choice between negligence and strict liability, problem of causation and procedural aspects of claims for compensation for damage. Special attention is drawn to the Learned Hand test established by case-law as a method to assess the conditions of liability. This method is based on considering economic criteria using a cost analysis. The part dealing with behavioral findings extending...
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Mortgage crisis
Archalous, Martin ; Pokorný, Jan (advisor) ; Bažantová, Ilona (referee)
The thesis deals with the US mortgage crisis of 2008. The mortgage crisis, the following financial crisis and the debt crisis have affected billions of people around the world. It has been widely covered in literature. This thesis, however, takes a different approach. It analyses the crisis form the point of view of law and economics, looking for overlaps between those disciplines. The author does not accept the divide between law and economics. It is necessary to consider both views in order to understand the crisis. This work does not seek causes of the crisis primarily in the banks and the lack of regulation, as is common view. Rather, this thesis looks for systemic failures and root causes. It focuses on monetary policy (especially the US Fed), the regulatory institutions, bank management and the role of credit rating agencies and exotic financial instruments. In the first part of the work, the author looks at possible causes in different areas: Monetary policy and global trade imbalances, regulation of the mortgage market and government support of affordable housing, banks and their management (corporate governance), regulation and deregulation of the banking sector (with emphasis on the functioning of regulatory institutions, their legal basis and historical context), so-called securitization and...
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