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Estimating willingness to pay for increasing probability to conceive
Kolářová, Natálie ; Ščasný, Milan (advisor) ; Šťastná, Lenka (referee)
The purpose of the thesis is to analyze preferences for increasing the probability of conceiving. Willingness to pay for increasing the probability of conceiving is estimated using the private good scenario and a new complex of vitamins and minerals as the contingent product. Specifically, we use the discrete choice experiment with three attributes: the increase in the probability of conceiving, the number of months of trying to conceive from when this probability will be increased, and the cost to be paid for this product. Data are obtained through a stated preference survey conducted in 2014 in four European countries (the Czech Republic, the United Kingdom, Italy, and the Netherlands). We estimate a mixed logit model, allowing for unobserved preference heterogeneity. We find that people are willing to pay to increase a female's probability of conceiving, and their willingness to pay is higher after 12 months of trying to conceive when one is becoming infertile. Respondents are willing to pay for increasing the chance to conceive even during the period when they are not diagnosed as infertile, i.e., from 6 months of trying to conceive, except in the Netherlands. Italians are willing to pay the most, while Dutch are willing to pay the least. By controlling for the main characteristics of...
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Determinants of green growth
Trouble, Elisa ; Baxa, Jaromír (advisor) ; Ščasný, Milan (referee)
This thesis evaluates the evidence of decoupling of emissions and economic growth. More specifically, it draws upon previous literature and estimates both the short run and long run elasticities of emissions using an altering method. Most recent data for production and consumption based CO2 emissions on the world's top 23 emitters is used. The baseline model is extended to measure decoupling at the global level by using panel data analysis and by aggregating emissions and growth variables to create a world level time series. Further, the validity of the Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis is tested at the individual country and global levels. Results provide evidence of absolute decoupling in richer nations and relative decoupling in less developed countries. At the global level evidence of decoupling is mitigated. Comparison between consumption and production based elasticity estimates also provides evidence in favor of the Pollution Haven Hypothesis. Finally, sensitivity checks are conducted by estimating elasticities on a subsample and robustness checks suggest evidence is weak and not robust to the estimation method. Keywords:: Emissions-output decoupling, HP filter, OLS, absolute decoupling, Environmental Kuznets Curve, emissions-output elasticity Title: Emissions-output decoupling:...
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Household Energy and Water use in Hawassa, Ethiopia
Legamo, Tarekegn Mamo ; Ščasný, Milan (advisor) ; Havránková, Zuzana (referee) ; Muchapondwa, Edwin (referee)
One of the consequences of increasing demand for water and energy sources is the depletion of natural resource bases while sustainable use of natural resources can substantially contribute to climate change and unwise use of these resources result in air and water pollution, as well as land degradation. This dissertation thesis examines "Household Energy and Water use in Hawassa". The main goal of the thesis is to answer research questions related to the patterns of household water use and energy source choice in the face of growing economy, socio- demographic dynamics and climate change factors-particularly in the context of local environment. As energy and water are the two important environmental goods, the pattern of their use has an impact on local environment, where the analysis of demand for energy source choice and water use has a significant impact, as households are a unit of analysis. A key approach we followed in this thesis is analysing of household survey data based on stratification of socio-economic and demographic variances, geographic location (urban vs peri-urban), and environmental factors. The main energy related data were generated from household survey to analyse the energy source choice based on the three main energy sources; electricity, charcoal and fuelwood along with...
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Green purchasing: Case of Bottled Water Consumption in the Czech Republic
Hanusová, Klára ; Ščasný, Milan (advisor) ; Opatrný, Matěj (referee)
To tackle various environmental issues, many of which stem from unsustainable consumer behavior, policymakers make an effort to transition toward a circular economy. One of the initiatives in the Czech Republic includes a reduction in single-use plastic waste. An example of this waste category are plastic bottles used for beverage packaging. Consequently, this thesis aims to uncover the determinants of bottled water consumption in the Czech Republic, as a similar study does not appear to exist in this context. Data (n=3 411) used for the analysis are obtained from a survey "TAČR Kohoutková". Methods used include estimation by Generalized Ordered Logit and Multinomial Logit. Results uncover socio-demographic characteristics, taste, health reasons, constructs from the Theory of Planned Behavior, and habits as predictors of bottled water consumption. It was found that highly educated people and those with a strong habit of drinking tap water are less likely to consume bottled water. The main consumers of this product appear to be those who negatively perceive tap water taste and healthiness, or positively perceive such characteristics of bottled water. On contrary, there is not enough evidence for identifying a relationship between environmental values and bottled water intake.
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The impacts of battery electric vehicles production on material use
Pěnkavová, Markéta ; Ščasný, Milan (advisor) ; Janda, Karel (referee)
The main objective of this thesis is to estimate the material impact of the BEV production with the main focus on the BEV battery material demand. This is done using the life cycle analysis (LCA) along with detailed analysis of the battery material demand which is then linked to dynamic computable general equilibrium (CGE) model. The hybrid form of a fully dynamic CGE model is used to estimate the vehicle stock and annual new registrations for five different vehicle technologies (BEV, PHEV, Petrol, Diesel, CNG) in 2015 to 2050 in the Czech republic. These estimates are done for the business as usual scenario and then six different policy scenarios. The effects of direct government subsidy on BEV purchase are modelled along with the impacts of increase in ICEV registration tax, mineral oil tax surge or an expansion in charging stations market. Consequently, the results from CGE modelling are combined with LCA as the detailed BEV battery material composition data are used to estimate the material impact of increased BEV usage. The results from CGE modelling show a clear increasing trend in BEV usage in the future years for the baseline scenario, in addition, the modelled government scenarios incentivizing the BEV usage were shown to have a pos- sitive effect on BEV sales in the Czech republic while...
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Modal Split in Major Czech Cities: Thorough Analysis and Proposal of Policies Leading to Less Car-Dependent Urban Mobility
Bystřický, Vojtěch ; Ščasný, Milan (advisor) ; Šťastná, Lenka (referee)
This thesis focuses on examining the modal split in the five largest Czech cities. Using data from the first nationwide survey on travel behavior in the Czech Republic called Česko v pohybu, the author identifies the main factors which influence the mode choice of inhabitants of Czech cities. The data were evaluated using multinomial logistic regression. Since modal split studies of a large extent are mostly conducted in Western Europe, the United States or Asia-Pacific region, the main contribution of this thesis is to shed some light also on the travel behavior in the Central Europe, more precisely in the largest cities of the Czech Republic. The author analyzes the impact of socio-demographic variables, such as the respondents' age, education level or household income, as well as the importance of the variables related to the trip, such as trip purpose or trip distance. Further, the author also provides comparison of the travel behavior between the examined cities. Among other findings, the author finds that the entitlement to discounted public transport coupons through the ownership of a discount card does not have a significant effect on the probability of using public transport. Further, the results also show that higher education level does not lead to greater use of ecologically friendly...
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Analysing Factors of Physical Activity Across Different European Countries
Tučková, Iveta ; Ščasný, Milan (advisor) ; Šedivý, Marek (referee)
Sufficient physical activity is one of the most important factors for maintain our overall health. The positive effects of physical activity are reduced risk of heart disease or stroke, hypertension, type II diabetes and some types of cancer. Being physically active also improves our mood and reduce anxieties. Therefore, it is important to understand, what effects the level of physical activity of population. That is the aim of this study. The study describes the determinants of physical activity various five European countries, using the data from INHERIT survey. The analysis focuses on censored data and is conducted with sample selection Heckman Two-step estimator model, addressing separately the factors of deciding whether or not participate in an activity and performing the activity. The differences between determinants for three types for physical activities are examined.
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Transition to emission-free personal transportation in the Czech Republic
Kessler, Daniel ; Ščasný, Milan (advisor) ; Kmeťková, Diana (referee)
What is the future of electric vehicles? Road transportation significantly con- tributes to undesired emissions which can cause health issues and environmen- tal damage. Replacing conventional vehicles with electric vehicles can be an adequate solution. This thesis aims to forecast the level of adoption of elec- tric passenger vehicles in the Czech Republic until 2050, using monthly vehicle registry data from 2009 to 2022. Using the Bass diffusion model, we estimate innovation and imitation parameters to forecast (the first) incremental and cu- mulative adoption of battery electric and, partly, of plug-in hybrid vehicles, until 2050. We rely on an exogenously pre-defined passenger vehicle fleet since the approach based on endogenously determined stock fails to provide a cred- ible forecast. Due to the low adoption rate of battery electric vehicles before 2016, we examine how using more recent data or calibration of the innovation parameter may improve the forecasting model. We also model the replacements of battery electric vehicles after their retirement to derive a total number of new registrations. Additional forecasts are performed for different fleet sizes and retirement ages. We have found that the calibration-based forecast pro- vides a larger share of battery electric vehicles until 2030...
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Analysing Factors of Physical Activity Across Different European Countries
Tučková, Iveta ; Ščasný, Milan (advisor) ; Šedivý, Marek (referee)
Dostatek pohybové aktivity je jedním z nejdůležitějších faktorů pro udržení našeho celkového zdraví. Pozitivní účinky fyzické aktivity jsou snížené riziko srdečních onemocnění nebo mozkové mrtvice, hypertenze, cukrovky II. typu a některých typů rakoviny. Fyzické aktivity také zlepšují naši náladu a snižují úzkost. Je proto důležité pochopit, co ovlivňuje úroveň fyzické aktivity populace. To je cílem této studie. Studie popisuje determinanty fyzické aktivity v pěti evropských zemích a využívá data z průzkumu INHERIT. Analýza je provedena pomocí Heckmanova modelu, tzv. Dvoustupňového odhadu. Tato práce analyzuje tři typy fyzických aktivit, které jsou blíže zkoumány pomocí "Unrelated Regression system" modelu.
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