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Structures of directive speech acts and strategies of politeness associated with them in the late medieval and early modern private epistolary English prose: a synchronic and diachronic perspective
Palivada, Katsiaryna ; Čermák, Jan (advisor) ; Klégr, Aleš (referee)
In this paper I have carried out a synchronic and diachronic analysis of the structural variations of directive speech acts in relation to politeness strategies involved in them. In my research I have employed both function-to-form and form-to-function methods of linguistic mapping, or, in other words, I combined a careful manual selection of samples from a limited study material (the collection of the Paston and Stonor family letters) and an automatic corpus-based research carried out on the material presented by the PCEEC. The work with the Paston and Stonor family letters was mainly devoted to the synchronic qualitative analysis of directives, whereas the corpus-based research was concerned with the quantitative presentation of the development of certain directive strategies throughout the 15th-17th centuries. In both synchronic and diachronic analysis I have tried to correlate different structural classes of directives with politeness strategies mentioned in the theory of politeness as postulated by Brown and Levinson (1987). When making judgements on the level of politeness of particular directive structures I also paid attention to the contextual and situational appropriateness of certain forms of directives in each particular case (Watts 2003), their conformity with the temporal variations in the...
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Contextualizing the Vikings in Anglo-Saxon History and Literature
Gigov, Jana ; Znojemská, Helena (advisor) ; Čermák, Jan (referee)
"Contextualizing the Vikings in Anglo-Saxon History and Literature" examines the Scandinavian impact of Viking presence in Anglo-Saxon England during the so-called First and Second Viking Age, concentrating on the portrayals of the Viking activity in Anglo-Saxon chronicles and annals, as well as Scandinavian (chiefly Icelandic and Danish) sources. It aims to identify the patterns of representation in those portrayals and their development relative to the historical events of the period, the political situation in the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms, the state and progress of the Church, and contemporary literary tendencies, including the influence of heroic literature and the development of the Anglo-Saxon kingship. Three distinct accounts that came into existence as a result of the Viking invasion of England in 866 are examined. Three main traditions can be discerned - the Scandinavian tradition, reflecting the battle of York, the slaying of king Ella and king Edmund, the East Anglian tradition, reflecting the slaying of king Edmund, and the Wessex tradition, reflecting king Alfred's struggle with the Danes. The thesis proposes to trace the historical origins and development of these traditions, attempting to discern their historical and fictional elements by comparing them with the record of the historical...
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The geographical aspects of pricing in the field of freight road transport
Čermák, Jan ; Marada, Miroslav (advisor) ; Kraft, Stanislav (referee)
The aim of this paper is to show what relation is between the distance and the transport price and which factors can contribute to the expected irregularity. Based on the real freight transport prices the paper is looking for and finding significant differences in the relative transport prices between chosen regions. It seems that the quality of the transport price is influenced by factors like the location of the target region within Europe and towards Czechia, within transportation routes and networks, its economic power and structure and possibly also by the mutual relations that the source and target regions have within the global supply chains. The quality of the transport connection between the regions is further compared with the connection that these regions have within the global city network. As was found out, these two kinds of connection do not have to necessarily be the same. A short questionnaire was taken among chosen transport experts to get the basis for a better interpretation of the paper's conclusions and also to get their opinion on the sense of the geographical research in the field of international transport and logistics. Keywords: international freight road transport, transport pricing, transport price, logistics, supply chains, geographical aspects of pricing
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"Sonne, this sall be oure takynnyng…" Sir Percyvell of Gales and Chrétien de Troyes's Conte du Graal: narrative strategies in a Middle English romance
Zátka, Ondřej ; Čermák, Jan (advisor) ; Znojemská, Helena (referee)
The Middle English verse romance Sir Percyvell of Gales was preserved in a unique copy in the Thornton manuscript held by the Lincoln Cathedral Library as MS 91. Altogether the manuscript contains sixty-four texts of various genres ranging from saints' lives to medical treatises as well as eight romances, including Sir Percyvell. Although the manuscript was written around the half of the 15th century, the date of composition of the poem was set early in the 14th century.1 The foolish, blundering, and unmannerly knight Perceval made his first appearance on the stage of medieval European literature in Chrétien de Troyes's twelfth-century Le Conte du Graal, or Le Roman de Perceval, an unfinished masterpiece of 9234 lines, which turned out to be one of the founding texts of the genre of Arthurian verse romance2 not only in French, but also in all the other vigorously developing national literary languages of Western Europe of that time. Chrétien's Perceval is a prime example of the refined courtly mode of chivalric romance. It is embroidered with subtle love-talk and ritualized courtly manners. It features long psychologizing sketches of the heroes, a composition which is far from linear and in which events are often presented not in chronological order, but rather in a changed succession subjected to the...
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English verbal (pseudo-) compounds from a diachronic viewpoint
Vráblová, Zuzana ; Čermák, Jan (advisor) ; Klégr, Aleš (referee)
We attempted to analyze not only the diachronic development of pseudo-compound verbs (or rather tendencies in the historical development because we excluded the Early Modern English period from our research), but also the synchronic problems in the Old and Middle English periods. But a fully consistent and balanced analysis proved impossible due to a variety of objective reasons. First, even though a fairly large number of Old English texts (i.e. 3037) survived into Modern English, we have no evidence as to how much texts were actually compiled in that period. The number of Middle English texts in CME is extremely low (i.e. 146). (What might seem puzzling is that Old English records surpass the Middle English ones. But it is due to the fact that CME has not been finished yet.) This unbalance of available texts makes any comparison between pseudo-compound verbs in Old and Middle English highly inaccurate. Second, Old English literature is to a very large extent homogeneous, consisting almost entirely of religious texts. Middle English writers compiled also other types of texts (e.g. secular prose and secular poetry). Nevertheless, it is impossible to draw a definite conclusion about the use of pseudo-compound verbs in various kinds of literature unless all Middle English texts are incorporated into CME....
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Use of transition metal catalyzed reactions in synthesis of biologic active compouds
Novák, Petr ; Kotora, Martin (advisor) ; Veselý, Jan (referee) ; Čermák, Jan (referee) ; Pour, Milan (referee)
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Word-formation by ablaut vs. word-formation by suffixation in diachrony
Hejná, Michaela ; Klégr, Aleš (referee) ; Čermák, Jan (advisor)
The present bachelor thesis deals with word-formation by ablaut vs. word-formation by suffixation in diachrony, namely in Old and Middle English. The reason for choosing this theme lied in its general marginalization in grammar books, in which the reader finds detailed descriptions of the grammatical function of ablaut in Old and, to a lesser extent, also in Middle English. The aim of the thesis was to describe ablaut formations during these two stages of the language in a typological perspective. The analyses focus on introflectional features of the roots of the formations and show the decrease in various combinations of the individual realizations of the roots that display ablaut with inflectional (-a, -e, -o/-u; -) and purely derivational, agglutinative, suffixes (-lic; -full; -scip; -had; -d, -t, -). The thesis further focuses on whether the various realizations of the roots are connected with the selected suffixes also semantically, i.e. whether there exist formal and/or semantic correspondences in the combinations. The analyses themselves were preceded by determining morphologically related families on the basis of the Dictionary of Old English: A-F, the most recent and detailed dictionary of Old English, which covered entries under the letters A-F when our analyses were carried out. The same was done...
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