|
|
The Usage of Separation Methods for Research of Biologically Active Substances in Waters
Vydrová, Lucie ; Friedl, Zdeněk (referee) ; Opatřilová, Radka (referee) ; Chýlková,, Jaromíra (referee) ; Vávrová, Milada (advisor)
Pharmaceuticals are biological active compounds with different functional groups, physico-chemical and biological properties. These chemical compounds are called as “new contaminants” which cumulate in various environmental components. These contaminants input to environment from industrial processes, hospitals and health care institutions or household sources and these pollutants can to negatively interact with environmental components. Pharmaceuticals are separated according to structure and their effects to live organisms. On the basis of drug consumption in Czech Republic the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are the most using pharmaceuticals, because these drugs can be obtain without prescriptions. The choosing analgesics for study were monitored in waste water from waste waters treatment plant (WWTP Brno – Modřice) and in surface water from two sampling sites of river Kretinka. Pharmaceuticals were monitored in surface waters in Czech Republic, in Scotland (river Thurso) and in Taiwan (river Erren, Agongdian, Yanshuei and canal of Tainan) Solid phase extraction (SPE) is used for extraction of study pharmaceutical from water system. The high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with diode array detection or mass spectrometry was used for determination of drugs in surface waters from Czech Republic. The water samples from Scotland and Taiwan were analysed and the high performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS) was used for determination of pharmaceuticals. The method of HPLC/MS enables the determination of study compounds in the very low range of concentrations (ng ? l-1). All monitored pharmaceuticals were identified and quantified in water samples from river Kretinka in Czech Republic, river Thurso (Scotland) and rivers Erren, Agongdian, Yanshuei and canal of Tainan in Taiwan and the obtained data were compared.
|
|
|
Optimization of using of pesticides against pests in system of integrated production of vegetable
Kocourek, František ; Holý, Kamil ; Stará, Jitka
Methodology is addressed to farmers and growers of Brassica vegetable, mainly for growers in system of integrated production of vegetable. Methodology contain information and recommendation for control against main pests of Brassica vegetable necessary for implementation of principles of integrated control in agreement with legislation requirements valid from 2014. Selection of means against pests is based on evaluation of pre-harvest period of active substances of pesticides and evaluation of side effects of these substances on nontarget organisms. For each active substance of pesticide and evaluated vegetable species, data about residue degradation in dependence on time from term of application. According to residue degradation of pesticides in vegetable it is possible to state action pre-harvest periods for low-residue and no-residue vegetable production. Data about side effects on natural enemies and other non-target organisms are given for each active substance of pesticide allowed in EU for vegetable control including substances potentially available for allowing in the Czech Republic. According this knowledge it is possible to rank the active substance into green, yellow and red list of pesticides for integrated system of Brassica vegetable production.
Fulltext:  PDF
|
|
| |
|
|
Residues of inhibitors in cow´s milk
STŘELEČKOVÁ, Veronika
Milk, in our territory frequently used cow?s milk, is very important nutrient. Its importance consists in the contents of valuable proteins, easily digestible milk fat, lactose, vitamins and minerals. The quality of raw cow?s milk is characterised by many indicators, for example total number of microorganisms, number of somatic cells, content of basic constituents (fat, protein, lactose, non-fat solids), freezing point or occurrence of undesirable foreign and inhibitory substances. Residuals of inhibitory substances (RIL) are one of the main criteria of raw milk hygienic quality, where they can appear for example due to prevention and treatment of mastitis. The risk of occurrence and spread of bacterial resistance, disruption of intestinal microflora, allergic reactions and RIL toxic effects, both in human and veterinary medicine, belong among the biggest risks of RIL presence in food and raw materials of animal origin, including milk. Inhibitory substances have an inhibiting effect on development and activity of microorganisms and in particular in milk industry they affect the activity of dairy cultures causing significant production problems. Their presence in milk causes problems when producing cheese, during fermentation of yoghurts and other fermentation during milk processing. Prevention of RIL occurrence depends especially on adherence to basic breeding and veterinary measures when using drugs and medicines, on technology discipline in primary production and regular and strict control of RIL contents in milk from the primary production up to processing when various screening detection methods are used. It is very important to deal with the matter of RIL in milk in connection with quality standards, national legislation and European Union legislation and to control methods used for their detection and verification.
|
guest ::
