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Blood pressure estimation using smartphone
Šíma, Jan ; Vítek, Martin (referee) ; Němcová, Andrea (advisor)
This diploma thesis describes an experimental cuffless measurement of systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP) using only a smartphone. Photoplethysmographic signal (PPG), which was measured by the smartphone camera and phonocardiographic signal (PCG), which was captured by an external microphone in the mitral valve area, were used to estimate blood pressure (BP). The BP estimate was divided into 2 parts. The first was the regression estimation of BP and comparison of several machine learning (MLR) and convolutional neural network (CNN) methods according to the use of the color channel to extract PPG from the video. The second objective was the classification of BP into the category of normotension or hypertension. The PPG signal was filtered for extraction using a bandpass filter with finite impulse response (FIR) (0,5–5 Hz) followed by feature extraction. For estimation of vascular transit time (VTT) and cardiac ejection time (ET), two main cardiac echoes S1 and S2 were detected in the PCG signal. Furthermore, raw sections of PPG signals (RGB video channels) and PCG signals of different time lengths were used for the CNN models. Among the regression approaches, the most accurate algorithm was the support vector regression (SVR) method, which achieved acceptable error according to the standards of the Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation (AAMI) and the British Hypertension Society (BHS) in experimental work. The mean absolute error (MAE) was determined to be 7.64±6.87 mmHg for SBP and 5.07±4.88 mmHg for DBP. The red channel was evaluated as the most appropriate color channel for extracting PPG from the video recordings for regression estimation. For classification, the AdaBoost algorithm with weak random forest (RF) classifiers proved to be the most reliable. It achieved an F1 score of almost 80 % on the PPG features extracted from the combination of red and green color channels of the video.
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Salt intake in the diet of older schoolchildern
HEMBEROVÁ, Aneta
Many studies prove that developed countries have an over-exaggerated intake of salt. The World Health Organization recommends an intake of 5g per person per day. Daily doses are, however, exceeded multiple times. It has been proven that an excessive intake of salt has a negative impact on our organism. It is a risk factor for the occurrence of hypertension, obesity, osteoporosis. The objective of my thesis has been to find out what amount of salt the food of older schoolchildren contains. The thesis is divided into a theoretical part and a practical part. The theoretical part deals with the issue of salt, it describes its history, kinds, meaning and use, the occurrence of salt in different foods and compensation options in diet. Futher, it focuses on the physiology of sodium, potassium and chlorine and the illnesses caused by an excessive intake of salt - specifically hypertension, obesity and osteoporosis. The conlcusion of the theoretical part is devoted to carbohydrates, fats, and protein in the diet of older schoolchildren. The practical part evaluated the weekly diet plans and urine analyses from the 12 respondents of older school age. The content of salt in their diet was being analysed via the Nutriservis programme. Urine analyses were being done in clinical laboratories. The acquired information on body height, weight and blood pressure was assessed using percentile graphs. The results confirm the fact that children of an older school age consume a higher than recommended amount of salt. In ten out of twelve respondents a higher than average daily amount of 5 g salt was discovered. This was confirmed by the value of sodium waste levels in their urine. The link between a higher salt intake and obesity or hypertension was not proven. There were no significant differences between girls and boys.
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Acute effect of antagonist supersets strength training on cardiovascular parameters in patients with normotension
Drobilová, Julie ; Juřík, Roman (advisor) ; Šťastný, Petr (referee)
Title: Changes in selected cardiovascular parameters induced by different variants of antagonistic strength training in normotensive subjects Goals: The aim of this study is to investigate the changes in selected cardiovascular parameters induced by different variants of antagonistic strength training and their subsequent comparison between a group of working and physically active individuals from FTVS students. Another aim was to determine which of the antagonistic training variants causes a greater response of cardiovascular parameters. Methods: The research work is based on theoretical-empirical foundations, based on a quantitative research method. Measurements using the Arteriograph device were performed in a non-invasive way in two heterogeneous groups. Results: I compared the changes in cardiovascular parameter values between the non-sporting and sporting groups. Since this type of groups were compared, the result was that the values measured in the non-sporting group were increased compared to the sporting group. As a result of the research work, it was found that a greater increase in cardiovascular parameters occurs after antagonistic upper body training. Keywords Cardiovascular system, Arteriograph, blood pressure, arterial age, vascular system, resistance training, cardiovascular...
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The role of adrenergic system in genetic hypertension
Loučková, Anna ; Kadlecová, Michaela (advisor) ; Husková, Zuzana (referee)
The adrenergic system plays an important role in the regulation of blood pressure. In the spontaneously hypertensive rat, the most studied model of essential hypertension, many components of the adrenergic system are altered. Changes in expression level of any catecholamine biosynthetic enzymes or any adrenergic receptor subtypes could be one of the causes of hypertension development. In this work, the expression of adrenergic system genes was measured in adrenal gland, renal cortex and renal medulla of the spontaneously hypertensive (SHR), Wistar-Kyoto and Brown Norway rats at the age of thirteen weeks. In adrenal gland of SHR, all four catecholamine biosynthetic enzymes (tyrosine hydroxylase, DOPA decarboxylase, dopamine β-hydroxylase and phenylethanolamine-N- methyltransferase) and almost all subtypes of adrenergic receptors (with the exception of Adra1a and Adra1d) were underexpressed. This generally decreased expression in adrenal gland of SHR suggests that at least a part of regulation of adrenergic system gene expression is common. The mechanism of this downregulation in SHR could be a negative feedback through adrenergic receptors stimulated by high plasma noradrenaline concentration. In the kidney of SHR, there were no differences in the expression of most of adrenergic receptor subtypes with the...
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The reflective effect of manipulative therapy on blood pressure.
Martínek, Josef ; Bitnar, Petr (advisor) ; Slabý, Kryštof (referee)
The topic of the thesis is The reflective effect of manipulative therapy on blood pressure. The aim of the thesis is to summarize current knowledge, which talk about the relationship between the ma-nipulative therapy and the changes of blood pressure. One of the purpose of the thesis is to clarify the using of manipulative therapy in the treatment of arterial hypertension. In the thesis another methods of manipulative therapy are discussed to give broad overwiev and to have a posibble to comparison. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Systemic arterial hypertension and strain
Sakaláš, Radovan ; Radvanský, Jiří (advisor) ; Procházka, Miroslav (referee)
Bachelor thesis "Systemic arterial hypertension and exercise" deals with hypertension and exercise. Physiology of the circulatory system, as well as blood pressure regulation and measurement is covered in the first section. The next section discusses definition, classification, and subtype classification. Furthermore, the thesis discusses pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment of hypertension. The main part of the thesis covers exercise blood pressure reaction as a diagnostic tool for determining risk for future hypertension. Moreover, exercise and physical activity is described as a therapeutic tool in blood pressure reduction. This section compares and determines the intensity, frequency, and period of endurance and resistance training needed for an optimal blood pressure reduction. The final section is dedicated to the mechanisms of exercise effect on blood pressure. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Influence of defined olfactory stimuli to selected physiological parameters
Mažárová, Silvia ; Pánek, David (advisor) ; Vláčilová, Ivana (referee)
Title: Influence of defined olfactory stimuli to selected physiological parameters Objectives: Comparing the effect of inhibiting and stimulating scents on the chosen physiological parameters during a 20 minute long inhalation. The thesis is searching for the possible affections to cardiovascular system and to reactibility of the neuromuscular system of the aromatherapy. Methods: 10 individuals participated on the trial, 5 females and 5 male. As the inhibiting scent we chose essential oil of Lavandula angustifolia and as the stimulating scent Rosmarinus officinalis. The observed physiological parameters was heart rate, blood pressure, present emotional state using the Visual Analogue Mood Scale by Stern, results of the Petries' test and standing on two scales test. The chosen application form of the essential oils was inhalation. The observed parameters were recorded before the application of scents, in the 10th and 20th minute of the application and 20 minutes after the end of application. We used the method of comparison. With statistical analysis we compared the results of the mentioned tests and diagnostic methods before and after application each of the odors. Results: We consider that Lavandula angustifolia and Rosmarinus officinalis have statistically significant effect to cardiovascular...
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The effect of sauna on the changes of blood pressure
Benko, Michal ; Bunc, Václav (advisor) ; Heller, Jan (referee)
Title: The effect of sauna on the changes of blood pressure Objectives: The aim of this study was the measure of the physiological range (blood pressure, heart rate, blood oxygen saturation) of two selected groups of people within the sauna cycle, assess changes and compare the results of individual probands and groups. Methods: This thesis is conducted as an experimental study. This is a quantitative method, in that will be at first established hypotheses and then evaluated on the basis of the obtained results. The independent variable in this research is the sauna and dependent variables are blood pressure, heart rate and blood oxygen saturation. Results: Blood pressure values were at employee of sauna lower than at other probands, thereby was confirmed hypothesis, but expected significant differences between the measured values of each group were absent. At the same time there was a further confirmation of the hypothesis concerning heart rate, which was increased at all probands. The last confirmed hypothesis related to the blood oxygen saturation and its reduce after the sauna. It could be said that all the defined hypotheses were confirmed. Keywords: sauna, blood pressure, heart rate, blood oxygen saturation, cardiovascular system
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The Possible Assessments of Unprofessional Exposures of Low Frequency Noise
Potužníková, Dana ; Fiala, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Bencko, Vladimír (referee) ; Argalášová, Ĺubica (referee)
v anglickém jazyce The possible assessments of unprofessional exposures of low frequency noise Introduction: Along with technical development, the number of sources of low frequency noise increases in the human environment and the number of complaints from people exposed to noise from these sources increases as well. The statutory limit for non-professional exposure to low frequency noise has not yet been established (due to the limited amount of data on low frequency noise exposure risks) in the EU countries (USA) and no WHO recommendations have been issued in this area. For these reasons, the hygienic limit for municipal/non-professional exposure to low frequency noise was not specified in the Czech Republic. Objecticve: The present dissertation thesis was to investigate whether the short-term experimental exposure to low frequency noise with the tonic component induces significant changes in the circadian rhythm of cortisol and alpha-amylase in saliva in the experimental set of volunteers. Saliva is a biological material that allows low-invasiveness collection. The work was supposed to assess whether possible changes could be used as objective indicators of the presence of the stress response to the noise exposure. Material and metods: An experimental study was conducted on a set of 100...
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