|
| |
|
|
The Point system and its impact on the number of fatal traffic accidents
Montag, J. ; Zapletalová, Lucie
This study summarises the results of a quantitative assessment of the impact of the points system, introduced in 2006, on the number of fatal traffic accidents in the Czech Republic. The introduction of the points system was also accompanied by legal changes that raised fines for traffic offences and broadened the transport police's powers. Initially, the number of fatal accidents dropped sharply. Injuries were reduced by 33.3%, which with 95% certainty represents between 51 and 204 lives saved. However, beyond the first year, the new law had no noticeable impact on the number of fatal accidents. Our findings indicate that the reform's negligible impact in the long term was caused by a gradual decline in resources dedicated to traffic police services in the field. Exaggerated expectations very likely contributed to the reform's significant short-term impact, as people over-estimated the possible sanctions they would face with the introduction of the new law, and drove carefully for a few weeks. Over time, they adapted their behaviour to meet the real level of monitoring and enforcement of the new rules, which was in fact low and becoming even lower. The number of fatal accidents thus returned to its original level.
|
|
|
(Non-)discrimination against female job applicants for maternity-related reasons: experiment
Bartoš, Vojtěch
In this study we investigate possible discrimination against female job applicants, in the form of a lower probability of being invited for interview in the periods of their career when 1) it is expected they may soon take maternity leave, and 2) their family commitments are considered to limit their working capacity. We carry out a correspondence experiment, in which we construct fictitious profiles for otherwise identical women and men aged either 29 or 41 years, childless or with two children. During the experiment we contact 599 Czech firms, sending them the CVs of the fictitious male and female job applicants. The differences in the level of positive replies received from the firms serve as an indicator of the potential employers' attitudes towards men and women.
|
|
| |
|
|
State officials: what is their number, where and at what wages they work?
Bouchal, Petr ; Janský, Petr
In this work, on the basis of available data, we submit and quantify the numbers and wages of civil servants and their trend during the last ten years. On the basis of data from final national account we refer to their restriction. We warn of fields and topics, in which the decision-making on civil servants, including preparations for new law, is need to be supported by more quality date and more detailed analysis.
|
|
|
The profitability of pension system and impact of its reforms on men and women
Šatava, Jiří
Based on a representative database of 7,000 men and women, we calculate the profitability of the pension system for men and women and its changes due to "small" and "large" reform. Profitability is measured using an indicator of pension wealth as the difference between the present value of future pensions and future contributions to the pension system. Profitability for individuals varies according to gender, age, income level and other factors.
|
|
| |
|
|
Regional differences in purchasing power: price levels, wages and pensions
Janský, Petr ; Bajgar, M.
Price levels affect real incomes across countries and regions. We compare real incomes of workers\nand pensioners across 14 regions of the Czech Republic. We find that taking into account regional\ndifferences in price levels compresses the income differences between regions for private sector\nemployees, but increases them for pensioners and some groups of public-sector employees. This\nresult is strengthened when we employ microeconomic data to reflect the education, occupations,\nage and gender of workers. Private-sector wages in Prague are 43% higher than in the rest of the\ncountry, but one half of this difference can be explained by Prague’s higher price level and the\nother half by workers’ characteristics. When we take these two factors into account, public-sector\nwages and pensions are the lowest in Prague. We discuss the benefi ts and costs of the government reflecting the regional price levels in setting public-sector wages or pensions.\n\n
|
|
| |
|
| |
guest ::
