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Analysis of biologically active substances from medical mushrooms
Macháčková, Mirka ; Bendová, Agáta (oponent) ; Hoová, Julie (vedoucí práce)
This bachelor thesis deals with the benefits of mushrooms for the human body and with the important substances that are contained in them and give them properties that cannot be found in any other natural food component in such a complex design. Specifically, the mushrooms discussed in the thesis belong to rare species of mushrooms, not only because of their rare occurrence in nature, but mainly because of their unmistakable positive properties. In the theoretical part of the thesis, the basic characteristics of fungi, structural features and basic division were described. Further, the theoretical part discusses the characteristics of individual rare mushrooms that were selected for further observation. It deals mainly with their occurrence, positive impact on the human body and their practical use. This section also deals with the chemical composition of mushrooms, specifically the contained and immunologically active substances. Last but not least, the theoretical part describes important microorganisms that were used in measuring antimicrobial activity in the practical part of this work. The practical part of the thesis was devoted to the preparation of mushroom extracts from reishi, shiitake, oyster mushroom and Judas ear mushrooms using three different solvents. It optimizes methods for the determination of nutritionally important substances by selecting appropriate solvents that were able to positively influence the yield when determining the mushroom content. It is also engaged in testing antioxidant activity, determination of content and antimicrobial activity. Based on these measurements, it was proved that all the above-mentioned active substances are present in different concentrations in the mushrooms studied. Mushroom powders or their extracts can subsequently be used alone as dietary supplements or as an additive to foods with low nutritional value.
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Analýza a charakterizace beta-glukanů z vybraných přírodních zdrojů
Vít, Radek ; Hudečková, Helena (oponent) ; Márová, Ivana (vedoucí práce)
Cílem bakalářské práce je otestovat a charakterizovat komerčně dostupné produkty s deklarovaným obsahem -glukanů. V teoretické části jsou popsány -glukany, jejich možné zdroje, vlastnosti a využití. Dále se v teoretické části nachází část zaměřená na stanovení obsahu -glukanů. Jako zdroje -glukanů jsou v teoretické části dále popsány kvasinka Saccharomyces cerevisiae a houba hlíva ústřičná. Popsány jsou také jednotlivé stanovované skupiny aktivních látek a principy metod použitých pro jejich charakterizaci. V experimentální části této práce byly charakterizovány extrakty z pěti komerčně dostupných zdrojů -glukanů. Stanovena byla antioxidační aktivita, celkové polyfenoly, proteiny a sacharidy, u vybraných produktů též obsah vitamínu C za využití HPLC a dále obsah lipidů za využití GC-FID. Ke stanovení obsahu -glukanů byla využita enzymatická metoda. U dvou vzorků s nejvyšší antioxidační aktivitou byly poté provedeny antimikrobiální a MTT testy.
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Analysis of biologically active substances from medical mushrooms
Macháčková, Mirka ; Bendová, Agáta (oponent) ; Hoová, Julie (vedoucí práce)
This bachelor thesis deals with the benefits of mushrooms for the human body and with the important substances that are contained in them and give them properties that cannot be found in any other natural food component in such a complex design. Specifically, the mushrooms discussed in the thesis belong to rare species of mushrooms, not only because of their rare occurrence in nature, but mainly because of their unmistakable positive properties. In the theoretical part of the thesis, the basic characteristics of fungi, structural features and basic division were described. Further, the theoretical part discusses the characteristics of individual rare mushrooms that were selected for further observation. It deals mainly with their occurrence, positive impact on the human body and their practical use. This section also deals with the chemical composition of mushrooms, specifically the contained and immunologically active substances. Last but not least, the theoretical part describes important microorganisms that were used in measuring antimicrobial activity in the practical part of this work. The practical part of the thesis was devoted to the preparation of mushroom extracts from reishi, shiitake, oyster mushroom and Judas ear mushrooms using three different solvents. It optimizes methods for the determination of nutritionally important substances by selecting appropriate solvents that were able to positively influence the yield when determining the mushroom content. It is also engaged in testing antioxidant activity, determination of content and antimicrobial activity. Based on these measurements, it was proved that all the above-mentioned active substances are present in different concentrations in the mushrooms studied. Mushroom powders or their extracts can subsequently be used alone as dietary supplements or as an additive to foods with low nutritional value.
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Analýza a charakterizace beta-glukanů z vybraných přírodních zdrojů
Vít, Radek ; Hudečková, Helena (oponent) ; Márová, Ivana (vedoucí práce)
Cílem bakalářské práce je otestovat a charakterizovat komerčně dostupné produkty s deklarovaným obsahem -glukanů. V teoretické části jsou popsány -glukany, jejich možné zdroje, vlastnosti a využití. Dále se v teoretické části nachází část zaměřená na stanovení obsahu -glukanů. Jako zdroje -glukanů jsou v teoretické části dále popsány kvasinka Saccharomyces cerevisiae a houba hlíva ústřičná. Popsány jsou také jednotlivé stanovované skupiny aktivních látek a principy metod použitých pro jejich charakterizaci. V experimentální části této práce byly charakterizovány extrakty z pěti komerčně dostupných zdrojů -glukanů. Stanovena byla antioxidační aktivita, celkové polyfenoly, proteiny a sacharidy, u vybraných produktů též obsah vitamínu C za využití HPLC a dále obsah lipidů za využití GC-FID. Ke stanovení obsahu -glukanů byla využita enzymatická metoda. U dvou vzorků s nejvyšší antioxidační aktivitou byly poté provedeny antimikrobiální a MTT testy.
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