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Metodika hodnocení environmentálního rizika pro poskytování ekosystémových služeb
Pártl, Adam ; Loučková, Blanka ; Hák, T. ; Janoušková, S. ; Lorencová, Eliška ; Rejentová, L. ; Stein, Z. ; Vačkář, David
Certifikovana metodika představuje v kontextu Česke republiky zcela nový metodický postup, který vychází z řady odborných vědeckých i aplikovaných studii zaměřených na hodnocení rizika na různych úrovních. Integrované hodnoceni environmentálniho rizika pro poskytovaní ekosystémovych služeb zatím nebylo v ČR uskutečněno a pro jeho provedeni ani dosud nebyla vypracována žádna metodika či metodicky návod. Metodika obsahuje popis nových a unikatních postupů hodnoceni rizika pro poskytování ekosystémových služeb a jejich zranitelnosti. Integrované postupy metodiky vycházeji z klasickeho hodnoceni rizika a zranitelnosti vůči environmentalnímu ohroženi. Metodika byla v rámci projektu EnviSec - Integrovane hodnoceni dopadu globalnich zmen na environmentalni bezpecnost Česke republiky (VG20122015091) ověřena. Výstupy zpracované podle certifikovane metodiky jsou jiz přístupné v rámci Narodniho geoportalu INSPIRE a v mapové aplikaci uvedeného projektu na intemetové adrese http://envisec.cenia.cz.
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The influence of land cover changes and landscape fragmentation on provision of the carbon sequestration ecosystem service
Pechanec, V. ; Purkyt, Jan ; Cudlín, Pavel
The aim of our contribution is to analyse the influence of land cover changes and landscape fragmentation in two small catchments (Všeminka, Fryštácký potok) within the forest–agricultural landscape of eastern Moravia (Czech Republic) on the carbon sequestration ecosystem service. Fragmentation was analysed using landscapeecological indices within ArcGIS 10.x software using the Patch Analyst extension. Data about the carbon sequestration ecosystem service were processed in the InVEST model. In the Všeminka catchment, carbon sequestration increased over the entire period of observation of 1953–2012. In the Fryštácký potok catchment, carbon sequestration decreased from 1950 to 2005, but increased from 2005 to 2012. The changes in fragmentation were not significant between 1953 and 2012, and so changes in carbon sequestration were caused mostly by land cover changes. The relationships among land cover change, fragmentation, and carbon sequestration from 1953 to 2012 are discussed.
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Forestry operations focusing on different types of felling related to carbon and economic efficiencies
Plch, Radek ; Pecháček, O. ; Vala, V. ; Pokorný, Radek ; Cudlín, Pavel
Assessments of carbon and economic efficiencies, completed by an environmental load computation using the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) method, could be a useful tool for assessing sustainable forest management (e.g. Berg & Lindholm 2005, Michelsen et al. 2008). The purpose of this study was to compare forestry operations focused on manually operated (chainsaw) and fully mechanized (harvester) felling in Norway spruce monocultures and mixed forests within the Novohradské Mts. (Czech Republic) using the methods of carbon efficiency (including LCA) and economic efficiency. In general terms, these methods consist of comparing quantified human inputs (e.g. fossil fuels, electricity, used machinery, and fertilizers, converted into emission units of carbon in t C in CO2 equivalent or EUR) with quantified ecosystem outputs (biomass production in t C or EUR). Forest operations were modelled for one rotation period. The results showed the main differences in carbon emissions and carbon efficiency related to forest operations with different types of felling. In contrast, the economic efficiency results did not differ much with different types of felling. Differences between Norway spruce monocultures and mixed forests using the same type of felling were relatively small for carbon efficiency but large for economic efficiency (Norway spruce monocultures recorded higher economic efficiency).
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