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Risk sexual behavior of adolescents and HIV / AIDS prevention
Balážová, Martina ; Jirsáková, Jitka (advisor) ; Miroslava, Miroslava (referee)
Bachelor thesis titled Risk sexual behavior of adolescents and HIV / AIDS prevention focuses on biological and emotional development of adolescents, describes sexual behaviors, sexually transmitted diseases and focuses on the prevention of STDs, especially HIV and AIDS.
The practical part determines, based on a quantitative questionnaire survey, knowledge of pupils, secondary vocational schools in the prevention of sexual diseases and compares students' knowledge about specific sexual diseases, presents their views and attitudes towards sexual behavior.
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Rate of investigation users of drugs
VÁVROVÁ, Marie
This diploma thesis is focused on testing drug users. Specifically, this thesis is concerned with testing drug users in low-threshold centres.These low-threshold centres for drug users operate in the area of secondary and tertiary prevention. Furthermore, it describes individual diseases such as HIV, HBV, HCV and syphilis, their mode of transmission, clinical course, diagnosis, treatment and possible prevention, drug policy of the Czech Republic, the conditions for testing the abovementioned diseases in low-threshold centres and the legal framework for testing at these facilities.The practical part is divided into several research studies.The qualitative research is aimed at low-threshold centres. In this part, I am trying to determine the number of HIV, HBV and HCV tests performed in 2014. Next, the purpose of this section is also to define where the testing takes place and who is tested. The research data were obtained using a questionnaire distributed to the low-threshold centres in the CR. According to the Annual Report on Drug Epidemiology from 2014, there are 76 low-threshold centres in the Czech Rep. A total of 32 questionnaires were collected. The questionnaire consisted of 32 questions. Close-ended questions were used to detect the type of facility, whether the facility carries out tests for the chosen types of diseases, what type of test is used, who performs the testing and where the testing is carried out. Open-ended questions were used to determine the number of people tested. The qualitative research consists of 18 interviews with drug users from the Contact Centre Český Krumlov. Thanks to its field program, this centre operates in Český Krumlov, Větřní, Kaplice, Horní Planá, Loučovice, Frymburk, Vyšší Brod and in border regions such as Horní and Dolní Dvořiště or Studánky where the drug abuse is very problematic. The data were collected using a semistructured anonymous interview. The interview consisted of 4 areas:Data for identification purposes. Drug history.Testing.Awareness.30 questionnaires received from the respondents at the Prevent Contact Centre in České Budějovice can be found in the Appendix. The data were collected using an anonymous questionnaire which consisted of three basic areas. The collected data included drug history and identification information, information about testing for infectious diseases and knowledge of health risks. The thesis states 6 goals. The first 3 goals deal with mapping of HBV, HCV and HIV testing among drug users at low-threshold centres in 2014. The purpose of the fourth goal is to determine how the testing is carried out in low-threshold centres. The fifth goal attempts to establish whether drug users are interested in HBV, HCV and HIV testing. Finally, the sixth goal determines whether drug users were tested in 2014.After processing the results I established the following hypotheses which resulted from the research.H1: Drug users are interested in their health.H2:Drug users are aware of risks that result from these diseases.H3: The possibility of testing at low-threshold centres is not chosen very often by drug users.The research showed that drug users have adequate information about the risks that are associated with drug injection and injecting equipment sharing, but the average amount of performed tests is relatively low.To sum up, drug users need to be constantly informed about the importance of regular testing. In order to increase the number of tested people, it would be advisable to adapt the testing to the users' needs and also to perform more tests within field programs. It would also be helpful to link health facilities to contact centres locally.
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Millennium Development Goals fulfilment in Zambia
Kašuba, Jakub ; Jiránková, Martina (advisor) ; Sejkora, Jiří (referee)
This bachelor thesis focuses on analysis of progress made in fulfilment of Millennium Development Goals in Zambia. The first chapter describes how the agenda of Millennium Development Goals was created and summarizes the progress made in fulfilment of the goals worldwide. The second chapter sets Zambia into the international economics, characterizes Zambia from both economic and demographic points of view and defines main Zambia's problems. The third chapter analyzes the progress made in fulfilment of Millennium Development Goals in Zambia and focuses especially on health-related goals.
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The effectiveness of prevention programs in primary prevention of sexually transmitted diseases of students of Faculty of health and social studies of University of South Bohemia.
VÁLKOVÁ, Jana
Sex is a natural means of reproduction, but by far it is not practised solely for that purpose. In recent years there has been a large release of morality and today we would hardly find a young person with a belief that sex serves for reproduction only. Sexual life is no longer taboo and therefore it is necessary to speak also about the adverse phenomena that accompany it. There is unwanted pregnancy and the spread of sexually transmitted diseases. Sexually transmitted diseases present a serious global problem that does not fudge even our society. Young people represent the largest risk group in terms of infection who go through various relationsship selecting a permanent partner. The primary prevention is the most important way how to fight against sexually transmitted diseases, and it is important particularly for those who have not begun yet to live sexually. For this reason it is often implemented in the form of prevention programs in school facilities. The current situation of sexually transmitted diseases in the Czech Republic was charted in the theoretical part of this work. The goal of the practical part of this work was to obtain an overview of the effectiveness of prevention programs in the primary prevention of sexually transmitted diseases among students of Health and Social Studies University of South Bohemia. There were defined four hypotheses for this purpose. The first hypothesis: Young people get more information about the dangers of sexually transmitted diseases from the media and from their peers than from schools and parents. The second hypothesis: Experience with random sex has a quarter of respondents. The third hypothesis was formulated as follows: Women have more knowledge about sexually transmitted diseases than men. The fourth hypothesis: Women observe the principles of safe sex more than men. The quantitative research, questioning method and questionnaire technique were used to collect empirical data. The questionnaire was anonymous and had electronic form. The research sample consisted of full-time bachelor programs students of Health and Social Studies University of South Bohemia, who belong by their age structure into the most vulnerable group of infection of sexually transmitted diseases. Respondents. The research was attended by 531 respondents. The first, third and fourth hypothesis were not confirmed on the based of a statistical test. The third hypothesis was confirmed statistically. The descriptive statistics shows that young adults do not have sufficient knowledge about sexually transmitted diseases and have no fear of the disease, which is also reflected in their behavior. The prevention programs for primary prevention of sexually transmitted diseases in the Czech Republic are not quite sufficient, according to the achieved results and in my opinion, and we can not talk about their proven effectiveness. It can be said they provide at least some awareness of the risks associated with sexual intercourse. In my opinion, it is necessary to establish the precise form of the curriculum and to incorporate sex education into the framework of the educational plan as a separate subject in school facilities as basic and secondary. It is necessary to involve parents into the process of primary prevention by increasing their awareness and to pass the acquired information. It is also necessary to promote a form of barrier contraception and introduce general preventive programs in the fight against sexually transmitted diseases.
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Nursing care of client's HIV-positive.
ŠETELOVÁ, Nikola
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome has become the whole world pandemic in a short time. It is a virus that is transmitted primarily by blood, breast milk and body fluids, but by means of normal contact with an infected a transfer will not occur if the person does not behave dangerously. The clinical picture of this virus has a very large range of expressions, it depends on what stage is the infected in. In the first few weeks the infected may suffer of temperature, nausea, joint pain. After that infection passes into the asymptomatic period. In the third period of the infection there comes persistent generalized lymphadenopathy, which gradually passes into the fourth stage, which leads to the development of opportunistic infections, malignancies and neurological disorders.To become familiar with the current state of knowledge, which is described on the following pages, it was necessary to study a large number of bibliographic publications by leading Czech and foreign experts in the field of HIV infection. In the Czech scientific environment is this topic, among others, covered by MD. Džamila Stehlíková, from whose scholarly articles and books we have drawn. Another important resource for the bachelor thesis were also journals from abroad, ICAP Columbia University, Czech Health Statistics Yearbook and the magazine of UNAIDS company. From the Czech magazine sources, I would like to mention Florence, Závislosti a my, Lékařské listy and Sestra magazine. The bachelor thesis also includes Internet resources from abroad and the Czech Republic, which deal with such problems, that is www.unaids.org, www.aids-pomoc.cz. Information was also obtained from the World Health Organization, WHO, Czech National Institute of Health and the Czech Ministry of Health. The purpose of the detailed retrieve of a large amount of data was to give relevant statement on researched facts. The knowledge acquired is treated in detail in sections, divided on the basis of the current state of knowledge about HIV infection and AIDS. After studying many studies that have been published, it is clear that HIV infection is increasing, unfortunately, even in the Czech Republic. Recent studies carried out in our country confirm that nowadays people behave very risky and transmission of HIV infection is not decreasing. We have no choice but wait and hope that in this issue there will be found new opportunities and a positive development will occur.
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Prevention of HIV/AIDS in the Czech Republic- What is Actually Reality?
PALÁTOVÁ, Ilona
HIV/AIDS in the Czech Republic constantly represents the current health and social problem. In my bachelor thesis on Prevention of HIV/AIDS in the Czech Republic - What is actually the reality? I decided to address this issue in detail from the perspective of present situation and also with respect to possibilities of the disease prevention. The thesis is divided into two parts - theoretical and practical. The theoretical part includes the HIV/AIDS issue in general, the issue of testing in the context of legislative conditions, and much of the theoretical part is devoted to the theory of HIV/AIDS prevention. The practical part was performed by qualitative forms of research. The first objective was to monitor a current range of services for the prevention of HIV/AIDS in the Czech Republic. The second objective was to monitor possibilities of anonymous testing of HIV/AIDS in the Czech Republic. Due to restructuring of Public Health Institute and individual Health Institutes and due to general reduction in funding targeted on prevention, the services in the area of anonymous testing and counseling are being reduced.The third objective was to monitor possibilities of anonymous HIV/AIDS counseling in the Czech Republic. The last objective, number 4, was to analyse the occurrence trends of HIV/AIDS in the Czech Republic. All objectives were met. Three questions were developed for the purpose of the research. What is the incidence and the prevalence of HIV/AIDS in the Czech Republic to 31.12. 2011? What is the range of services for the secondary prevention of HIV/AIDS in the Czech Republic in 2011? What resources were directed to the national program for prevention of HIV/AIDS in the Czech Republic for the year 2011? Although in terms of prevalence the Czech Republic does not belong to countries at risk, given the characteristics of the disease and its incidence, it is essential to pay adequate attention to risks of HIV/AIDS, both in the clinical area and in prevention above all. For prevention means the least expensive and the most effective strategy in the fight against this disease. The paradox of this issue is that the number of infected with HIV/AIDS has been rising, however, the costs of prevention have been falling. This thesis might be used for medialization of this issue for the general public and for the enrichment of the course in epidemiology. Furthermore, it could be used as a contribution to the academic discussion.
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