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Surgical treatment of retraction pocket as a prevention of secondary cholesteatoma
Jakubův, Martin ; Otruba, Lukáš (advisor)
The dissertation deals with acquired (secondary) cholesteatoma. It arises from a retraction pocket. The process is conditioned on tubal dysfunction that leads through secretory otitis media to the development of retraction pocket and then may result in chronic otitis media with cholesteatoma. Cholesteatoma is a pearl shaped formation located in the middle ear cavity with aggressive behavior to surrounding structures. It may lead to serious life-threatening complications. Therefore all measures preceding its formation are important. These measures concern: follow-up of risk patients, appropriate treatment preceding the development of acquired cholesteatoma or therapeutic operation of uncontrollable or problematic retraction pocket, performed as tympanotomy, atticotomy, or atticoantrotomy according to the size and localization of the pocket as a prevention of the formation of cholesteatoma. The dissertation is completed with a group of patients who underwent middle ear surgery at the ENT clinic of FNKV. This group of patients has a high proportion of patients with cleft (44%), often connected with tubal dysfunction and so they represent a risk group and preventive measures are justified.
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Legal and ethical perspective on medical care of terminally ill patients
Pokorný, Pavel ; Dostál, Ondřej (advisor)
The problem of termination or nezahajování therapy in terminally ill patients, as well as the terms of euthanasia, assisted suicide but homicide or murder, we in modern medicine interfere more and more. It has to do with the development ofnatural medicine, especially in technical areas, where doctors can fight for their livesor delayed death in cases that before ten or fifteen years ago inevitably ended in death. Many patients but does not want "to liveat all Price 'will be a debate on euthanasia still acquire timeliness. In the Czech Republic, but a similar situation found in other post-communist countries, we are due to historical developments in the field of patients in communication between patients and doctors and in medical ethics somewhat behind in comparison with Western Europe and the United States. On the following pages I will try to bring attitude to euthanasia in some European countries and then focus on specific Czech legal environment and its relation to termination of patient care. I'll be very happy if my work will contribute at least in my circle peers to clarify concepts and lead to a wider debate on the care ofseriously ill patients.
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Suggestion and realization of Thermo-electric stimulator for quantitative estimation of thermal threshold in patients
Hykel, Jan ; Hozman, Jiří (advisor) ; Špunda, Miloslav (referee)
The sensory disorders are one of the main symptoms of the neuropathy. Examination and estimation of the level of the Neuropathic disease is main target of the comprehensive examination method "Quantitative sensory testing". One part of this group of tests is Quantitative estimation of thermal thresholds. This method is based on the special device called "Thermo-electric Stimulator" (TES). The main aim of this thesis is to design and develop this kind of device and accomplish some functional tests with that device. Values acquired from this testing are important for comparison with values acquired from the relevant studies. The TES was designed in basic configuration necessary for the right and complete examination of the thermal thresholds. The comparison wasn't exhaustive but values acquired by the thermoelectric stimulator are commonly corresponding with hypothetic values. Last but not least target of this thesis is to bring in some suggestions of possible upgrades to automatize thermal threshold estimation procedure or make some possible suggestion of alternative design of the Thermoelectric Stimulator.
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Minimally-invasive approaches for the hip replacements
Kubeš, Radovan ; Koudela, Karel (advisor) ; Poul, Jan (referee) ; Landor, Ivan (referee)
Contemporary world and medicine are marked by very rapid development of miniaturization, which surprisingly not missed also endoprothetics and arised thankfully to the strong medial attention gigantic wave of public interest about possibility of mini - invasive operative. In public media was this method presented like revolutionary and almost like a nonstrum, first medical publications (especially from pioneers those techniques) were also generally positive, but also since the begginnig had this method also its non-supporters. Own idea of mini- invasive operative is without any doubt correct step into the future, theoretical benefits are indisputable and logical. In wiew of this facts, that it was for me "no man's land" , I decided as a first step to study all published facts and later than I began practical testing of mini-invasive approaches on cadavers studies and than finally after very carefully evaluation of all facts I started to perform mini-invasive approaches. In an effort to deprese maximally the learnig curve, I started my mini-invasive implantation with femoral component only - so cervicocapital endoprosthesis, only after estimation of this group and with newly acquired experiences I came up to perform MIS- THR .. Our statistically prooved final results tell us, that implantation THR...
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Vnitrodruhová struktura Phytopthora alni Brasier et S. A. Kirk na území ČR
Černý, Karel
The work is aimed to study of morphological variability of Phytophthora alni complex in the area of the Czech Republic with use of numerical phenetics. The morphological analysis of 29 Phytophthora alni strains acquired from the area of the pathogen in the Czech Republic was carried out. In total there were studied 50 cultural and morphological characteristics: 14 cultural characteristics, 16 characteristics describing asexual and 20 characteristics describing sexual structures. The all morphological measurements were repeated twenty times at magnification 1600× with use of Olympus BH-2 microscope, Olympus E-510 camera and Quick Photocamera 2.3 measuring software. The data were processed in Statistica 8.0 in modules of non-parametric statistics, descriptive statistics, cluster analysis, analysis of principal components and discriminant analysis. In the area there was confirmed the presence of the two taxa belonging to the P. alni complex: Phytophthora alni subsp. alni (Paa) a Phytophthora alni subsp. uniformis (Pau). The third taxon (P. alni subsp. multiformis) was not found. The nominate subspecies Paa prevailed - more than 4/5 of studied isolates belonged to this taxon. The classification of isolates was in full agreement with molecular study of identical set of isolates which was parallely performed (Štěpánková et al. 2013). The morphological analysis showed, that majority of Czech isolates of P. alni complex can be successfully determined on the basis of standard morphological characters -- oogonial wall ornamentation, antheridial length, rate of aborted oogonia etc. Ca 10 % of isolates were found to be intermediate. All studied isolates were divided with series of cluster and PCA analysis in two relevant clusters and a discriminant function dividing the isolates in the two taxa on basis of morphological characters was generated and validated. The rate of standard oogonia, high of oogonial ornamentation, rate of two-celled antheridia with central septum and antheridial length were used as discriminators. The two different Paa morphotypes were found in the area of the Czech Republic. The discriminant function dividing the Paa isolates in these two morphotypes was also constructed and tested. The discriminators were oogonia diameter, high of oogonial ornamentation and width of antheridium. The most reliable character was the antheridial width: the north-western morphotype has antheridia wider by 3 micrometres than the south-eastern one. The Paa taxon was continuously distributed in the western part of the area, its frequency diminshes eastward. The distribution of the second taxon - Pau - was scattered and insular, but it was found out in the whole area of the Czech Republic. It could be supposed, that the parental taxon Pau had spread before Paa invasion in the area. Later the new and more combative Paa replaced the older weakly pathogenic Pau. The recent area of Pau is apparently insular and probably relict. The two Paa morphotypes importantly differ in their distribution - the first morphotype is more frequent in north-western part of the area (and predominates in western, central and northern Bohemia) while the second one is frequent in the south-eastern part (southern Bohemia and Moravia). Likely, these two subpopulations can represent the remains of colonisation waves of two allopatric Paa lineages. The lineages can originated by repeated independent hybridisation between parental Pau and Pam taxa somewhere in western or central Europe.
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Acquiring the right to own real property
Kozderková, Štěpánka ; Mikeš, Jiří (advisor) ; Dvořák, Jan (referee)
91 Acquisition of real property Abstract In the Czech Republic, acquisition of real property is generally regulated by the Civil Code, which was passed in 1964, in the time of socialism. In that period, private ownership of real property was not considered desirable. After 1989 the Czech Civil Code was amended many times to conform to conditions of the rising market environment. Despite numerous updating, the Civil Code is still an inconsistent codification of civil law. The goal of my diploma paper is to describe particular ways of real property acquisition with a view to judicial decisions of Czech courts. The thesis is composed of twelve chapters, each of them dealing with different aspects of acquisition of real property. Chapter One is introductory and defines basic terminology used in the thesis: proprietorship and real property. Chapter Two of this paper deals with the meaning of the terms immovables or real property mean in Czech legal order. The sphere of realties is set up in quite a complicated and incomplete way, because Czech law of realties is specified by its diversion from the principle of "superficies solo cedit". It practically means that the owner of a tract of land can be a person different from the proprietor of a building constructed on the tract of land. Czech law classifies real...
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Complications during pregnancy-Epidemiology and risk factors
Málek, Otakar ; Velebil, Petr (advisor)
Risk pregnancy is the term denoted to a pregnancy with a higher chance of developing a pathology than that of the normal population. Although risk pregnancies form 30% of all pregnancies only 20% to 30% of them actually develop a pathology. The higher than average risk can be present before conception or it is acquired during pregnancy. In order to identify risk factors general (medical history and physical examination) through specific screening is used. In case of a positive screening result specific prevention methods are applied. One of the late risk factors identified in pregnancies are sexually transmitted diseases, especially if their course is asymptomatic. Prevalence of urogenital chlamydia infections has been increasing, and various screening programs have been evaluated for their cost benefit ratio. Developed countries have introduced successful screening and preventive programs for hepatitis B infection. Also vertical transmission of HIV to the newborn is met by efficient preventive methods in developed countries. These methods, however, are not available in most of developing countries. Other than these there is also a serological screening for syphilis infections. There is no routine serological screening for the rest of sexually transmitted disease.
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Nursing Care Particularities in Children Admitted to Hospital with Autism
SCHÖNBAUEROVÁ, Andrea
The topic of the thesis is the Nursing Care Particularities in Children Admitted to Hospital with Autism. In the theoretical part is found the description of autism causes, clinical manifestation, diagnostics, basic therapeutic measures and nursing care in such children. The thesis has set three goals: Goal 1- finding out problems concerning the hospital admittance of an autistic child. Goal 2- determining the specific features of nursing care in children with autism. Goal 3- creating an informative brochure that would help nurses to gain basic information necessary to provide expert nursing care to autistic children. To gain these goals, a method of qualitative research and the technique of standardized interviews were used. In the frame of the research, two research samples were used. The first one consisted of nurses who work in children´s psychiatric wards and children´s neurologic wards. These nurses were chosen deliberately as they care about autistic children regularly and have a lot of experience in this branch. Altogether ten interviews were conducted and were recorded on the record keeping sheet and consequently processed. The other research sample were mothers of children in whom autism was diagnosed and who experienced hospital admittance either as a diagnostic stay or in connection with acute treatment. Also here ten interviews were conducted. After the completion of qualitative research answers to the set research questions were gained: Research question 1 finds out what are the specific features of nursing care in children with autism. On the basis of the research, it was concluded that nursing care in autistic children has some specific features such as communication, observing rituals, the necessity of a parent´s company, as well as the psychical burden both of children and staff. Research question 2 focused on finding what problems are connected with the hospital admittance of an autistic child. On the basis of the conducted interviews, it was concluded that the biggest problems concerning hospital admittance apply to children´s aggressivity, difficult adaptability to environment changes and problems that occur after the experienced admittance. Further on, it was concluded that also children´s individuality is a serious problem that has to be taken into consideration during nursing care. Research question 3 found out how nurses assess parent´s presence during the admittance of autistic children. All nurses perceive the parent´s presence highly positively. They see the most benefits in passing important information to nurses, accompanying the child during the whole period of admittance, helping with the adaptation to a new environment, providing the common daily care including spending free time and giving the child the feeling of safety and assurance. Research question 4 deals with nurses´ feelings when nursing autistic children. The provided information is individual. The research has found that nurses feel well, do not see problems and the work is routine for them. Negative feelings are influenced by circumstances concerning mood, tiredness or demanding communication with parents. Further, it was concluded that nurses feel insecurity in the period when they start working with autistic children or during the first contact with the child. With regard to high disorder prevalence in the population, it is essential for nurses to know basic information concerning autism and adopt the basis of nursing care in children with this disability type. In this connection, an information material was created that has to help nurses to acquire basic information necessary to provide expert care to autistic children.
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Actuality possibilities of electronic signature for natural persons
Pekárek, Miroslav ; Toman, Prokop (advisor) ; Šubrta, Václav (referee)
The purpose of this work is to summarize current knowledge of the electronic signature and to outline its basic principles and technologies in such a manner that would, at least, allow for its potential broadening of awareness in the public, at large. This work focuses not only on theoretical knowledge relating to the electronic signature, but also on possibilities of its acquisition along with eventual practical use in the Czech Republic, or respectively, on its obstacles. The goal of this work is to offer the citizen detailed information about the possibilities of acquiring such an electronic signature, and to make him/her aware of possible difficulties that may arise in conjunction with this process. At the same time, this work should help the average citizen, based on his/her personal requirements and preferences, to eventually decide which certification authority is for him/her most suitable, and whether or not there is any merit for him/her in acquiring such a signature.
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Segmentation of neurocranium vessels for CT angiography
Tůma, Tomáš ; Pelikán, Josef (advisor) ; Maršálek, Lukáš (referee)
One of the key tasks involved in processing of CT angiography image data is the vascular system segmentation. The aim is to provide an objective vizualization of acquired data and thus make the diagnostics easier. This work aims at studying the methods used for segmentation of neurocranium vessels and implementing one of the existing algorithms in co-operation with radiodiagnostic department of Na Bulovce faculty hospital.
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