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Air pollution in Moravian-Silesian region and protecting population
PAJURKOVÁ, Romana
Air pollution is extensive problem throughout Moravian-Silesian Region and in addition impacts many lives in so settled agglomeration. Harmful substances that here aloft occur often in several fold go beyond limit for health protection, are toxic to environment and people who live there, therefore it is so important for protection of people to deal with this topic. It is necessary to determine, how much actually air pollution affects the health of the people. Hypothesis H1 deals with question. In cooperation with the Department of Air Protection Hydro meteorological Institute in Ostrava and Regional hygiene station of Moravian-Silesian region, were compared data of the current PM10 pollution particles weekly morbidity and acute respiratory diseases. If condition of the air worsens, sickness does not improve and when air quality is improving, declining disease and acute respiratory infections in the region - between air pollution and health status of the population is correlation. For hypothesis H2 was created questionnaire, and was distributed to resident of region with rate of return of 87 %. The most general questions were answered correctly. The issue came to the question of determining current situation, so H2 hypothesis was confirmed only partially. The only way how to do protecting the population it is functional warning. Also it was investigated by a special comparative method, when resident were warned in which value of the PM10. 38 % residents say, that they were never warned, so the hypothesis H3 was also confirmed partly. After analyzing the problem was created proposal how to deal with this situation in ORP Bohumín case. Inhabitants of the region were divided into two groups. Active group, it is a group of people who have internet connection and do not use it. It was therefore created information leaflet and stickers, whose main task is to attract attention and show the population, where information about current pollution can be found. Part of this leaflet is also notes, in which people were less informed in questionnaire. The second group is passive then ? residents who do not have internet access or they cannot us it. So it was crated a system of rotating information board, and design its location in the ORP Bohumín in an public areas, where accumulate a larger number of people. On such a board could be automatically sent actual time data through network communication. It would be also appropriate add alarm warning system, but its execution would have to be limited to a certain level due to the frequent exceed in most municipalities in the region. There would be also possibility to benefit a warning to citizens through the fire protection of Volunteer firefighter. Especially if was declared by smog situation. Of course there is a also the option to use warning sirens, but I think it such a way of warning could cause unnecessary panic. The following suggestions are valid for both groups. It was displayed map of Low Emission Zone form information available in ORP Bohumín. System of isolation green spaces.. It was also examined whether the type of activity plan prepared long-term inverse situation in the region, but according to HZS does not pose a threat to the region, which would require the declaration of emergency state. So developments of operational plan isn´t necessary yet. However, the time is main aspect for gradual improvement of the warning and informing the population. The results showed that the general awareness of the issue is sufficient, but is also necessary to pay attention to the current situation in order to reduce the health risks to the lowest level. I am not sure that citizens must learn how to reconcile with living in conditions, but they should be patient, of course contribute to improve this situation by for example informing themselves about current pollution.
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Map dust loads of road transport on the environment.
HANŽL, Jaromír
In this thesis, the main objective of implementing mass measurements of airborne dust in the road, depending on the traffic environment and obtain objective information about the actual performance of vehicles in road traffic on air pollution by emissions from non-combustion processes.
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Analysis dependence of the weight concentration of flying dust in the village in relation on the influence of road cleaning.
POSPÍCHAL, Miroslav
The aim of this thesis was to provide a measuring of the weight concentration of flying dust in road traffic in dependence of traffic environment and also the acquirement of objective information about the real influence of roadcleaning. The measuring took place on a regular street in the centre of České Budějovice. At first the dust concentration was measured before the proces of cleaning. Next the street was cleaned by a compact sweepmachine and a second measuring took place. The results displayed, that the roadcleaning has a negative influence on the dust concentration in the air. The weight concentration of the flying dust rose about 50% to PM10= 0,077 mg.m-3. People going along the street were exposed to an excessive encumbarance, which could have in a longtime affect bad inflence on their health.
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Analysis of factors affecting the selection of species fuel in domestic heating in Libeř and its surroundings
Matějka, Tomáš ; Louda, Jiří (advisor) ; Malý, Vítězslav (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to analyze the factors that influence people's decisions when selecting the type of fuel in domestic heating in a particular area. Air pollution causes local furnace negative health and economic impacts. With 50 personal structured interviews conducted research in Libeř and its surroundings. These findings indicate the influence of financial savings as an important factor in the decision of the respondents, while environmental responsibility does not appear to be a significant factor influencing the decision of the respondents. The nature of the problem depends on several interacting factors. For a credible identification of factors would need larger population of people.
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Neutrally stratified flow modelling over complex terrain at meso-scale: open-cut coal mine study
Nosek, Štěpán ; Jaňour, Zbyněk ; Jurčáková, Klára ; Kellnerová, Radka ; Kukačka, Libor
The objective of this case study was to determine the influence of the coal mine cavity and its vicinity on the main flow field with respect to prevailing wind direction. In order to model the neutrally stratified flow over extremely huge open-cut coal mine Libouš situated at north-west of Czech Republic the laminar flow analogy was applied. The model was scaled down to 1:9000 according to dimensions of wind-tunnel and selected coal mine surroundings. The measurements of longitudinal and lateral velocity components in selected vertical, resp. horizontal planes were performed by LDA. The measured data will be used for validation of CFD simulation and for selections of area of interest at bigger scales where turbulent flow modelling will be performed. The results revealed that not only of cavity shape and deepness but also the surroundings orography has influence on flow pattern, hence on ventilation, within the area of interest.
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Quadrant analysis of turbulent pollution flux above the modelled street intersection
Kukačka, Libor ; Nosek, Štěpán ; Kellnerová, Radka ; Jurčáková, Klára ; Jaňour, Zbyněk
The objective of this experimental study is to determine processes of a vertical turbulent pollution transport above the X-shaped street intersection in an idealised symmetric urban area for several approach flow directions. An experimental set-up for simultaneous measurement of the flow velocity and the tracer gas con-centration in a high temporal resolution is assembled. Vertical turbulent scalar fluxes are computed from the measured data in a horizontal plane above the street intersection. The quadrant analysis was applied to the vertical turbulent pollution fluxes data. Events with dominant contribution to vertical turbulent pollution flux were detected. The mean duration, repetition frequency and the duration percentage were computed for these events. A strong influence of the approach flow direction on the type of dominant events and their characteristics was resolved.
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Morphology, chemical and toxicological characterisation of road dust and particulate matter including sources apportionment: Final report - summary
Adamec, Vladimír ; Huzlík, Jiří ; Ličbinský, Roman ; Effenberger, Karel ; Mikuška, Pavel ; Večeřa, Zbyněk ; Dočekal, Bohumil ; Vojtěšek, Martin
Project brought new scientific results in the field of chemical composition, physical and toxicological characterization of street dust and particulate matter. Chemical analyses and statistical methods including receptor modelling result in identification their sources.
Fulltext:  PDF
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Relation between plants and atmosphere in the current education of Science on the second stage of basic schools
ČEKAL, Tomáš
This bachelor thesis focuses on the relation between plants and atmosphere in the current education of Science on the second stage of basic schools. The thesis is divided into two main parts, a theoretical and a practical one. The theoretical part analyses an issue of three spheres which are furthermore observed in this bachelor thesis, namely: 1 Plants in relation to carbon cycle, 2 Influence of the atmosphere on plants, 3 Significance of plants for the atmosphere. The practical part consists of monitoring of the presence of separate spheres in the basic school textbooks (with the help of charts) and analysis of the 9th grade basic school pupils' knowledge in these spheres carried into effect based on the didactic test. The monitoring is worked up in the form of diagrams.
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