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Photoautotrophic microorganisms in the glacial ecosystem of Svalbard, high Arctic
STIBAL, Marek
Photoautotrophic microorganisms, i.e. cyanobacteria and microalgae, are ubiquitous in the glacial ecosystem of the high Arctic archipelago of Svalbard. Their communities play significant roles in the ecosystem, including organic carbon production on the glacier surface and its supply to downstream environments, initiating microbial colonisation after glacier retreat and preparing proglacial substrata for further succession.
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Euglenophytes of the Czech Republic in view of South Bohemia and the Bohemian Forest
JURÁŇ, Josef
A list of photosynthetic euglenoids of the Czech Republic was made from works about algal flora of the Czech Republic and this list was confronted with similar works from the Slovak Republic, Poland, Romania, Ukraine and Slovenia. Following the literature about algae from South Bohemia and the Bohemian Forest a checklist of photosynthetic euglenoids from this area was compiled. Data from this list were completed by my samples from this area. There were found 2 taxons new for the Czech Republic and 3 taxons new for South Bohemia and the Bohemia Forest.
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The algae of water basins i Novohradské hory
PLOCOVÁ, Alena
This thesis deals with six ponds, artificial snall lakes, (Mlýnský, Huťský, Pohořský, Uhlišťský rybník, Zlatá Ktiš a Kapelung) in the Novohradské mountains. They were studied at the interval of years 2004-2006. The basic hydrochemistries and variety of species of planktonic Algae and Cyanobacteria were analysed there. The volume of NH4-N was the highest in Mlýnský pond (20-76 ?g/l), which proves for a recent organic pollution. In other cases the rate was in range of 13-53 ?g/l. The most of NO2-N was again found in Mlýnský pond where its rate reached up to 420 ?g/l. The total amount of t-P was of the same rate in all the sites. It differed only slightly- 58-91 ?g/l. From the hydrochemical data follows that the most nutrients loaded is Mlýnský pond and the cleanest is Pohořský one The transparency (Seccki depth) of all the localities is also high (76-200 cm). It can be compared to the lakes of the Bavarian Forrest and the Bohemia Forest (Šumava). The proportion of N/P is usually between 7,0-29,8 (Chart 11), which shows evidence of limiting P (the most common limiting factor for phytoplankton in fresh waters). The total amount of found taxa (98) is comparable to e.g. lakes of the Bohemia Forest (260), this ara is however more explored. The largest amount of species is at Huťský pond (38) and the smallest one is at Uhlišťský pond (17). As a new species for the the Czech Republik was found Staurastrum arctiscon and Phaeospaera gelatinosa, than another interesting discovery is Vacuolaria penardii and Chloromonas nivalis (Scotiella nivalis). Also Dicranochaete sp. and Paulinella chromatophora are noticeable. The ponds of the Novohradské mountains are from the point ob view of hydrochemistry view unigue habitats. They make for refugium oligotrophic, rare and interesting species of Cyanobacteria and Algea and that is why they deserve proper protection.
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Interactions between the soil micro-flora and invertebrates in Slovak and Moravian caves
Lukešová, Alena ; Nováková, Alena
The role of microflora as food for soil invertebrates is well documented. However, data on interactions between communities of organisms living in caves are very limited. Three caves of the Slovak Karst NP (Domica Cave, Dlhá Chodba Cave, Ardovská Cave) and the Amatérská Cave (Moravian Karst) were selected for this study because from visual observations, it was clear that there was some invertebrate activity. The aim of the study was to compare the communities of algae, cyanobacteria and microscopic fungi developing in excrements of cave invertebrates and in the surrounding cave sediment. The richest communities of both algae and microfungi were found in earthworm casts, containing up to two fold more species than in the surrounding sediment (73 species of microscopic fungi in the casts compared to 37 in surrounding cave sediment in the Domica Cave, and 45 vs. 27 species of algae in the Dlhá Chodba Cave).
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Microscopic fungi as food of cave invertebrate animals - a laboratory food preference experiment
Nováková, Alena ; Luptáčik, P. ; Kováč, L. ; Lukešová, Alena ; Šustr, Vladimír
The aim was to improve the methodology of the multi-choice food preference tests as a tool for investigation of feeding preference of cave invertebrates. Fungi and algae isolated from cave sediments of the Domica Cave system (NP Slovak Karst) were offered in cafeteria tests as a food to springtail .i.Folsomia candida./i., mites .i.Pantelozetes cavatica, Scheloribates pallidulus./i., and isopod .i.Mesoniscus graniger. M. graniger./i. preferred some species of algae, all offered fungi were rejected. Mainly algae and .i.Mucor./i. spp. from microscopic fungi are preferred by .i.S. pallidulus./i.. Preference of .i.Mucor./i. spp. was observed by cave mite .i.P. cavatica./i. and cave population of .i.F. candida./i. too. All cave animals showed low preference for offered food and have tendency to stay rather on clay cave sediment then on the food.
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Potravní zdroje bezobratlých v Ardovské jeskyni a v jeskyni Domica - předběžné výsledky
Nováková, Alena ; Elhottová, Dana ; Krištůfek, Václav ; Lukešová, Alena ; Hill, P. ; Kováč, L. ; Mock, A. ; Luptáčik, P.
The chemistry (organic matter content and pH) of different substrates from the Ardovská and Domica Caves in the Slovak Karst National Park (Slovakia) and the composition of their microbial communities were studied. Differences in organic matter content and microbial communities were found between the substrates from the Domica and Ardovská Caves. A broad spectrum of photoautotrophic microorganisms (algae and cyanobacteria) was found in different cave microhabitats (cave sediment, rotten wood, earthworms casts and isopods faeces), but no algae were detected in the fresh bat droppings and in the intestinal tract of the isopod .i.M. graniger./i.. Microfungi and bacterial colonies play the primary role in transforming bat guano into a food source for saprophagous and microphytophagous invertebrates.
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Soil microflora of spruce forests of the Bohemian Forest
Nováková, Alena ; Lukešová, Alena
Species composition and quantity of microalgae and micromycetes inhabiting soils of original spruce forest were studied in 3 localities of the Bohemian Forest (Trojmezná, Smrčina, Boubín) in years 2000-2003. Both intact plots, and those ones with selective tree cutting were compared in Trojmezná and Smrčina. In total, 46 species of algae and 72 taxa of micromycetes, represented by common soil species, were found in studied soils. Green algae (mainly Chlorophyceae and Charophyceae) prevailed both qualitatively and quantitatively among soil algae which was connected with low pH. All isolated micromycetes belonged to saprotrophic fungi. Total numbers of algal species ranged between 20-33 and total algal abundance between 48,1-4210,0 cells per g of dry soil in studied plots. Higher algal species richness was recorded in plots with selective tree cutting then in intact plots. Oposite trend of average total algal abundance was observed, despite big variations in particular sampling occasions. Numbers of taxa of saprophytic mycromycetes ranged between 32-40, lenght of mycelium between 6,1-84,5 m per g of dry soil, and numbers of CFU between 57,5-2413,4. No differences in species composition and quantity of saprotrophic micromycetes between intact plots and plots with tree cutting were found.
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Algae of Černé Lake in the Bohemian Forest
Lukavský, Jaromír
Algae and Cyanobacteria of Bohemian Forest are presented, as an important part of plant communities. Streams, bogs, arophytic ans subaerophytic standorts, phytoplankton of lakes and cryoseston are discussed and presented in tables and microphotographs.Bohemian Forest is an important refugium of oligotrophic species and a classic locality for therir study.
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