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Kontrola úrovně imunitní vybavenosti telat
ŠIMKOVÁ, Romana
This thesis deals with the evaluation of calves colostral immunity on a chosen dairy farm. The theoretical part is focused on the passive imunity, its function, transfer and the possibilities of its control. The next part is aimed on the factors influencing this process and on the consequences of its low level. During the study an amount of serum total proteins in calves was observed as an indicator of their passive immunity. In total, 541 blood samples were analysed via optical refractometer. The observation of several factors, such as time between birth and first feeding and use of drencher, was also included. The quality of first-fed colostrum was checked in 78 calves. Collected data were analysed statistically.
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Využití probiotických krmných aditiv ve výživě telat
POLÍVKOVÁ, Denisa
The aim of this study was a brief elaboration of a literature review containing the morphology of the digestive system of calves, the issue of methods of their breeding and feeding, probiotics, prebiotics and phytobotics. The following study aims to confirm the positive effect of probiotic feed additives containing the probiotic strain Lactobacillus Sporogenes on calves. A total of 80 calves were included in the project, divided in half into two groups, control and experimental. Both groups were weighed three times, within two hours after birth and then according to the individuality of the individuals at shifts of an average of 56 and 100 days of age. During breeding, in addition to weight, the general state of health, the frequency of diarrheal diseases. From the evaluation of the collected data, it can be stated that the feeding of probiotic additives containing the Lactobacillus Sporogenes strain has a significant effect not only on the health status but also on the weight gain of calves.
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Vliv kondice holštýnského skotu v období stání na sucho na kvalitu mleziva a mléčnou užitkovost ve vybraném chovu
Křístková, Jana
The main objective of this thesis is to assess the influence of condition of Holstein cattle during the dry period on the quality of colostrum and on the milk yield. The assessment is based on Body Condition Score (BCS) performed on dairy cows during the dry period and, subsequently, after calving. The experiment was carried on from December 2015 to October 2016 in Mléčná farma Lubina, s. r. o. farm. The Body Condition Score was assessed in the dry period and then within a week after calving. The overall number of examined animals is 384 cows in the dry period and 384 cows after calving. An hour after calving, a sample of colostrum was taken and its quality was assessed by a manual refractometer ATC (with automatic temperature compensation). The parameters of milk yield were obtained from the milk yield examination of each dairy cow 100 days after calving. The experiment showed that the physical condition of dairy cows in the dry period was highly influential (P is smaller than 0,01) in the average BCS in component ranges and that the physical condition after calving was also highly influential (P is smaller than 0,01) in the average BCS in component ranges. Furthermore, the conclusive impact (P is smaller than 0,05) on the contents of proteins in milk of dairy cows with BCS is smaller or equal than 3 (3,77 %) and of dairy cows with optimum BCS of 3,25 to 3,75 (3,89 %) was proved. In case of succession of lactation periods, the conclusive impact (P is smaller than 0,01) was proved on milk yield of cows in their 2nd lactation period (38,16 kg) and cows in their 3rd lactation period (41,17 kg), as well as on cows in their 4th lactation period (38,59 kg). Also, the statistically conclusive impact (P is smaller than 0,01) on the contents of proteins in milk and of lactose of dairy cows in their 2nd lactation period (3,71 % a 5,03 %) and of dairy cows in their 4th lactation period and latter (4,10 % a 4,96 %) was proved. Other results weren´t statistically significant.
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Výživa telat do třetího měsíce věku
Bázlerová, Lenka
The aim of this work is to understand the importance of proper nutrition of calves up to the 3rd month of age. The reason is that just the healthy and vital calf is able to use the maximum of the genetic potential in the production period and thus has a positive influence on economy of the breed. The first part of the work describes the current state of cattle in the Czech Republic, which includes statistical data on born and dead calves. The development of calves is divided into three specific periods: colostrum, dairy and plant feed. The colostrum period is mainly focused on the quality of the colostrum, the hygiene during feeding or the ways of influencing the quality of the colostrum. The milk period describes ways of feeding calves with milk and milk replacer. It is decribes as well how to get used to plant feed. The plant feed is necessary mainly for the weaning of calves. To the end there is described the most common mistakes in the nutrition and feeding of calves and the effects on their health.
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Nemoci telat dojeného skotu v období mléčné výživy
Jandová, Jana
The bachelor thesis "Diseases of calves of milking cattle in the period of dairy nutrition" provides an overview of the most common diseases of calves from birth to weaning. The predisposition to the disease and the viability of calves are influenced by several factors. The most important are nutrition and morphological and functional development of the whole digestive tract. The first part of the thesis describes the physiology of forestomach of calves in the period of milk nutrition. The following chapter describes the principles of calf nutrition in the aforementioned period, focusing on the colostrum period when the calf gets passive immunity. The third chapter is an overview of the most common diseases of calves, which are the most burdening to the economy of breeding. The conclusion of the thesis is focused on the prevention of the aforementioned diseases, which begins with the care of the mother, continues with the delivery and subsequent care of the calf.
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Zásady péče o mládě a matku
Ťuláková, Tereza
The work "Principles of care for a mother and her sucklings" provides comprehensive information about stages before and after farrowing as well as the farrowing itself and focuses on an area, where substantial reserves exist in the breeding of animals thus pointing out room for improvement. With regard to the breadth of the topic only conventional dairy cow farming is treated in detail. Natural motherly behavior is described as well. The situation in farming of beef cattle, sheep and goats and organic livestock farming is described marginally. The main part of this work is divided between pre-farrowing stage, farrowing and post-farrowing stage. Each stage is described and the most important principles of care in that stage are mentioned. The work is complemented with a survey examining the state of industry of a narrow group of farmers. The resulsts are then consulted with recommendations in contemporary literature.
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Mikrobiální kvalita kozího mleziva na různých farmách
Hallová, Tereza
This diploma thesis contains a brief history of goat breeding and its numbers in the world and in the Czech Republic. It also deals with the importance of colostrum for kids, its structure and the factors that in uence it. The aim of this thesis was to analyze the microbiological quality of goat colostrum from the individual sample collections realized on seven farms in February 2017 and to assess the in uence of the farm, breed and freezing. At the time of sample collection, the animals were housed in a stable in an individual birth box and were fed an intensive diet. The individual samples of colostrum were chilled or frozen and then transported for laboratory tests at the Veterinary and Pharmaceutical University in Brno. The microbiological analysis was focused on the total plate count (TPC), the presence and amount of Escherichia coli, verotoxigenic Escherichia coli (VTEC), Staphylococcus aureus and its genes encoding staphylococcal enterotoxins. Data analysis suggests that the most common pathogenic microorganism on farms is Escherichia coli, while VTEC has not been detected in any sample. Among the observed indicators, the Staphylococcus aureus was found most often. For the total number of microorganisms and pathogenic microorganisms, the lowest incidence was observed in farm no.5 with an average TPC of 162,250 CFU/ml and Escherichia coli in a single sample of 20 CFU/ml. The farm with the lowest microbial quality of colostrum was identi ed as a farm no.1 whose TPC was not the most numerous: 130 166.7 CFU/ml, but the incidence of pathogenic microorganisms was the highest out of all samples: Escherichia coli 250 CFU/ml and Staphylococcus aureus 780,000 CFU/ml. Based on the results, Farm no.1 was adviset with the possibilities of how to improve the animal hygiene to raise the microbial quality of colostrum. The in uence of the breed was not explicitly determined, however, the highest quality colostrum was obtained from the crossbreeds of the following breeds: white shorthair goat, short-haired goat and Anglonubian goat.
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Studium změn chemického složení a kvality kravského mleziva v závislosti na čase, věku plemenice a způsobu výživy v době stání na sucho
Fröhdeová, Martina
The dissertation is focused on assessing the influence of yeast culture and selenium addition on yeast culture in feed diet, on colostrum quality and blood serum parameters. The content of immunoglobulins G and the density of colostrum, as the main parameters of the quality of the colostrum, were evaluated in the first born cows and other cows on the second and higher lactation and compared with each other. At the same time, blood serum parameters were also monitored as supplementary indications of feeding intervention in the feed diet of breeds. The main aim of the work was to evaluate the influence of additions of feed additives on the quality and composition of colostrum. Immunoglobulins G were analyzed in all colostrum and blood serum samples. IgG were determined by the ELISA method. The results obtained indicate that the addition of yeast culture and selenium to yeast culture did not have the expected positive effect on improving the quality and composition of cows' colostrum or on blood serum indicators.
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Vliv kvality mleziva na růst a zdravotní stav telat
RAJTROVÁ, Aneta
The thesis summarizes the importance of the quality of colostrum, its composition and impact on the growth and state of health of calves. Colostrum includes important substances necessary for the health of a calf. The value of overall protein in which the amount of immunoglobulins is reflected is a key indicator. It is important for the health of the calf that it receives sufficient amount of quality colostrum in time, gaining immunoglobulins necessary for the first weeks of life. Significant aspects include the quality of colostrum that we provide a calf with, the amount of colostrum consumed, technology, consistency and personnel responsibility, which reflect retrospectively during the inspection of colostrum nutrition of calves that can be carried out by several methods mentioned further. These aspects influence the state of health of calves, growth and many more indicators in the production that follows. In the work, I concentrated on these very aspects, the extent to which they interact as well as on the state of health of calves. The data that I was provided with by Ing. Barbora Šitnerová (principal livestock specialist of Agraspol Předmíř a.s.) was processed into tables and graphs from which statistically important results were learnt.
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Vliv vybraných parametrů chovatelského prostředí na množství imunoglobulinů v kravském mlezivu
Drozdová, Michaela
The aim of the work Influence of selected factors breeding environment for the amount of immunoglobulins in cow was to evaluate the effect of the various factors on the colostrum quality, particularly on the amount of immunoglobulins present in the colostrum. Data collection for the evaluation was performed during the whole year on the farm in Šumvald, which is the part of the stock company Úsovsko, with its seat in Klopina. The number of the 539 cows (including heifers), of the Holstein breed in the different lactations were involved into the observation. The density of the each evaluated sample of the colostrum was higher than 1050 g/l. During the evaluation of my observations I have realised, that the most important for the colostrum quality was the influence of the annual period and the rank of the lactation, rather less important was the influence of the numerous group of the cows, from which was the colostrum obtained and the difficulty of the birth. The time elapsed between the birth and the first milking and the daily period of the birth had the lowest importance.
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