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Analysis of the potential impact of the EU directive about 40% representation of women on supervisory boards on the labour market of the Czech republic.
Kvasnička, Jan ; Pavlíček, Tomáš (advisor) ; Štípek, Vladimír (referee)
This thesis estimates the impact of the adoption of the EU's directive on 40% female representation in the supervisory boards of large listed companies on the labor market of the Czech republic. The main outcome is identificaion of the companies, which would be affected by the regulation. The theoretical part covers basic arguments of proponents and opponents of the measure. The practical part accurately examines the direcitve, compares it with the regulations adopted in other European countries and on the basis of this comparison outlines the effects that can be expected on the Czech labour market. Based on the analysis of the criteria matched with reality of Czech Republic it compiles a list of companies affected by the adoption of the directive. Processed data about the boards of these companies also provide current statistics on their current composition (from a gender and nationality perspective). The results suggest that, at least in the short term, the measures would not yield a significant improvement in gender equality in the Czech Republic.
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Principle of Social Justice and it´s Reflection among College Students
CHMEL, Matěj
The theme of the Bachelor thesis is The principles of the social justice and its reflection among the university students is a contribution to social justice, to one of the principles of the modern social politics. The social justice is a very complex notion and one of the conditions of the legitimacy of the government effecting the social politics of the state and its positive attitude to the principles of the social politics, which are accented by the society. The thesis is divided into the theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part is divided into 5 subheads. The first subhead of the theoretical part deals with the definition of the social justice. The second focus on the issues of equality in social justice. In the third subhead is deeper focus on social justice in the context of particular ideologies. The fourth describes social justice in the Czech Republic and the last deals with social justice in education. I chose qualitative research strategy using the method of substituting. As a data collecting technique I chose a semi-structured interview. The conception of the interview consisted of 20 questions, which correlated with the theoretical treatises and were adjusted so as to achieve the selected goal. With the help of the purposeful selection were chosen 10 communication partners, while 5 of them were students of economics field and 5 were students of specialization in helping profession. The main goal was to find out how the students interpret the principle of social justice in the context of social policy. This main goal was followed by 3 sub-goals. The first sub-goal has to find out how students interpret the principle of permission. The second sub-goal has to find out how students interpret the principle of equality of results. The last sub-goal was finding out what principles of social justice students prefer in educational policy. For the research were set 2 research questions. 1. What factors influence students in interpretation of social justice? 2. What is the relationship between studying university and interpretation of social justice? The results show that students most frequently emphasize the model solid bottom and open ceiling and principle of permission in context of heritage. Respondents in educational policy put most emphasis on the principle of equality of opportunity, which is from their perspective reinforced by the principle of equality of results, meritocratic principle and principle to each according to merit. Influence of studying field was evident especially in principle of equality of results, where communication partners studying study focused on helping profession interpreted this principle positively than communicating partners who are studying economic fields. This thesis could serve as a tool for students to understand the whole complexity of social justice and as basis for any discussion in the lectures and seminars connected to social policy. complexity of social justice and as basis for any discussion in the lectures and seminars connected to social policy.
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The issue of social justice in the contemporary system of public politicy of social security
SUCHÁNKOVÁ, Ilona
This paper analyzes the content of the concept of social justice involvement in the broader context of the application of the principles of state social policy applied in the field of social security of citizens. The first part is devoted to the major theories of justice of the last century and their analysis in terms of the evaluation criteria of two most prominent schools of thought, i.e. liberalism and communitarianism. The paper describes the difference of opinion on the formation of a just society with emphasis on the difficulty of choice associated with preferences of the basic ideas of liberalism and communitarianism. The conclusion contains argumentative attitudes related to a different interpretation of the concept of social justice in the context of the degree of implementation of the principles of solidarity, subsidiarity and market mechanism in the field of social policy. What has become desirable in today's society is a necessity for legislative changes, but chiefly changes in citizens' behaviour and access to their own lives.
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Social Aspects in the Work of Petr Chelčický and His Legacy for the Present
CINÁDROVÁ, Markéta
Petr Chelčický is one of the reformers from the first half of the 15th century. Little is known about him as a person. Of his 50 extant works, the most famous of which are O boji duchovním (About a Spiritual Fight), Replika proti Rokycanovi (A Repartee to Rokycana), Postila (Sermones) and Síť víry (A Net of Faith). The main topics of his treatises are a critique of the Catholic Church, an appeal against violence as a mode of action, and embracing non-violence. He often deals with dogmatic issues, i. e. Eucharist, purgatory, sacraments, the presence of an Anti-Christ, etc. Chelčický places an emphasis on the equality of all people, and therefore rejects the medieval model of society based on three classes of people. He felt that a society must be founded on love of one's neighbors and obedience to God through the examples set down by the apostles and the apostolic Church. Denying violence, he sets himself apart the Hussites. Chelčický's ideas of non-violence, human equality, truth, conscience, and suffering are still relevant in today's modern society.
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Effects of changes in the calculation of pensions to the number of early retirements in the district Jindřichův Hradec
UHLÍKOVÁ, Jana
The aim of this thesis was to find out which impacts of the parametric changes, linked to the change of law no. 155/1995 Sb. about pension insurance, as amended, affected the number of applications for early retirement in the Jindřichův Hradec district. The need to solve this problem arose from the questioning of Section 15 of act no. 155/1995 Sb., as amended, regarding social insurance, which governs the assignment of the calculation basis used to work out the percentual pension allowance. The Constitutional Court concluded that the defined rules generate significant differences between the amount paid into the insurance system and the amount of the old-age benefit received. On this basis the MPSV (Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs) compiled the rule changes for calculation of old-age benefit and together with the other parametric changes prepared, this was proposed as the so-called ?minor pension reform?. The proposal passed through the legislative process and with effect from 30th September 2011 the rules for the calculation of the old-age benefit changed according to the new Act (no. 220/2011 Sb.) that amends Act no. 155/1995 Sb. on social insurance, as amended by subsequent rules, and several other Acts. The new regulations favour citizens with higher incomes. For persons with a lower income the change resulted in lower pensions received, as a result of which some have chosen to apply for early retirement. The aim of this thesis was to survey applications for all types of retirement in the years 2010 and 2011 with emphasis on the number of applications for early retirement in the district of J. Hradec and to analyse the length of prematurity at the time the application for early retirement was submitted. The comparison periods were the months from March to September of the respective years. Based on the given aims, quantitative research was chosen as the method of standardised research and two hypotheses were tested: 1. As a consequence of the changes in the regulations for the benefit calculation the number of early retirement applications has risen. 2. The highest interest in allowance of early retirement was shown by citizens with a maximum of 1 year left before reaching the age limit at which they were entitled to old-age pension benefits. The research was carried out by content and secondary analysis of data contained in the official statistics of ČSSZ (Czech Social Security Administration) and OSSZ (District Social Security Administration) and other available materials for the years 2010 and 2011. After analysis and evaluation of the required information the first defined hypothesis was confirmed; citizens were choosing early retirement regardless of the fact that the percentual assessment of the calculation basis would be reduced for every 90 days before retirement age, but were able to retain their original pension calculation basis. They were making this decision despite the fact that by reduction of the received old-age benefit their pension was lowered by approximately 12%. In this case, providing they satisfied the legal condition of insurance duration, they used the opportunity to retire before reaching the age limit for old-age pension, which meant 3 years early. In the final phase it was confirmed that in the tracked period applications from citizens with up to 1 year left to reach the retirement age did not predominate. The number of applicants retiring 3 years earlier was approximately the same as those with one year left. There were slightly fewer citizens with two years left to satisfy the legal condition of the insurance duration. In the conclusion of the results section, data are also mentioned which evidence the number of state pensions being paid and the expenses used for these benefits from the national budget. This is quite a considerable amount and it continues to rise with the number of pensions being paid.
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Women in management - Comparison of Germany and the Czech Republic
PÍCHOVÁ, Barbora
The author of this thesis deals with the problem of employing women in the position of managers of companies in the Czech Republic and Germany. In her thesis, she focuses on difficulties and advantages that women engaged in management face. In the first part, the author explains what management really means and then describes the current position of women according to the law systems of chosen countries. Attention is also paid to the controversial topic of quotas for women. The author further introduces women in management, the stereotypes preventing them from managing organizations and the differences in treatment of men and women. The second part of the thesis is dedicated to women?s private life, the author introduces the concept of ?Work ? Life balance? and possibilities which women have regarding this concept. The findings of the thesis are shown as an example of two women managers. At the end of the thesis, the author indicates how this situation might develop henceforward.
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Discriminatory elements in labour-law relations
TAUSCHOVÁ, Petra
The topic of my bachelor thesis is discriminatory elements in labour-law relations. It briefly explains discrimination and equality and it also delimits law enactment of equality in international, European and Czech law. It also focuses on the particular forms of discrimination which are listed in a law and options of legal fighting against these forms of unequal treatment. The practical part deals with on chosen discriminatory reasons such as age, sex, health handicap, sexual orientation and human race. The most often victims of discrimination in employment become the older people, handicapped people and women as came out from the analysis of the ombudsman´s overall reports and asking at regional labor inspectorate. The last part of the thesis focuses on the analysis of public information which refers to differences between men and women in unemployment, work posts and salary evaluation.
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Actual questions about life insurance on the Czech insurance market
Cyprysová, Veronika ; Ducháčková, Eva (advisor) ; Daňhel, Jaroslav (referee)
This thesis deals with actual questions about life insurance on the Czech insurance market. At the beginning of the work, life insurance is described from a theoretical point of view - main characteristic, forms of traditional and new products, kinds of available insurances. It also deals with Czech insurance market, price of insurance and insurance premium in case of insured event. The last part contains actual problems with life insurance - one-shot insurance payment, universal life insurance, equality of rights of men and women, distributional channels and general insurance conditions.
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The Problem of Equality and Efficiency in the Implementation of Government Programmes
Benda, Vladislav ; Musil, Martin (advisor) ; Krbová, Jana (referee)
The goal of this work is to show particular conditions and problems according to Equality and Effecciency of Government Progammes and offer possibilities how to solve them, improve them or alternatives to those problems on particular examples. Theoretical part of this work is at first about the role of Public Sector in the National Economy, reasons why is this sector involved in some parts of economy, especially in Healthcare Services. This part is followed by concepts of Efficiency evaluation of particular Government Programmes and theoretical concepts about Equality. Practical part is then aimed on Regulative charges introduced in the Healthcare Services in the Czech Republic.
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Analyze Political Coverage of Czech Television
Švejcarová, Pavla ; Müller, Karel (advisor) ; Mikeš, Jiří (referee)
The aim of this bachelor thesis is to analyze political coverage of Czech Television in particular event. Firstly, it tries to describe theoretic parts of coverage and to define every components of objectivity. Next part of this thesis describes the institute of Czech Television and everything what can influence on its operation. Finally, the third part of work is the analysis, which tries to find part of objectivity and impartiality and tries to prove that articles of Codex of Czech Television are met in programmes
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