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Effects of a neuroactive steroid on motor skills of young laboratory rat.
Košťálová, Tereza ; Mareš, Pavel (advisor) ; Valeš, Karel (referee)
The steroid substances with effect on nervous tissue are plenteously studied in last years. Their biggest benefits are especially anticonvulsant and anxiolytic effects. This thesis inspects the influence of newly discovered neruactive steroid pregnanolone pyroglutamate synthesized in The Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Science (IOCB CAS), which offer potential opportunity of a new therapy of epilepsy from actual pharmacokinetic results. Our goal was to detect, if this substance has any negative effects on locomotor skills of young laboratory rats. In theoretical part of the thesis the development of laboratory rat is briefly descibed, especially its motor skills and sensory functions in comparison with human. The process of the experiments and choice of especially motor skill tests are described in Metogology part. The results of experiment and its comparation with the effect of other neuromediators are introduced and discussed in the practical part of this thesis. There were no serious effects of pregnanolonepyroglutamate applied repeatedly in perinatal period on motor performance. Acute administration of the highest dose of PPG to 12-day-old rat pups resulted in prolongation of time in surface righting and negative geotxis tests. This data are positive for...
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Využití isogenních linií barevné pšenice v pokusech s laboratorními potkany
Hadincová, Tereza
A feed test was carried out on male “Vistar” rats. Four groups of rats, feed with mixtures with 70 % of wheat, differing in grain colour, were compared. For feed trials, near-isogenic lines of derived or recipient varieties of “Novosibirskaya 67” (N67) were selected. These were the N67 grains with white grains, “ANK-28A” with purple grains (Pp1 and Pp2 genes), “ANK-28B” (Pp1 and Pp3) and “Aoi Yu” (unfinished near-isogenic line) with blue aleurone (Ba1 gene). Feed mixtures were standardized to the same nutrient content. The feed trial lasted 72 days. Time increments and biochemical parameters of the blood were evaluated. Statistical differences in glucose (GLU), triglycerol (TG) and total protein (CB) levels were noted in biochemical parameters, with a higher GLU content in N67 and “Aoi Yu”. Higher TG content was recorded in “ANK-28B” and lower in “ANK-28A”. The higher CB content in rat blood was recorded in “Aoi Yu” and lower for all remaining wheat. No statistically significant differences were found in other biochemical parameters of blood (P<0.05). Interestingly, a higher feed consumption per pound was observed in the wheat mix with white grain (N67) and the lowest in “Aoi Yu” with the highest content of anthocyanins. This result is in line with the results of some other authors who have shown a relation between the high anthocyanin content in the feed and the reduced weight additions of laboratory animals.
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Vliv zkrmování barevné pšenice s modrým aleuronem na krevní parametry u laboratorních potkanů
Fajkusová, Martina
The experiment examined the effect of wheat with blue aleurone on blood parameters of laboratory rats the Wistar albino strain. In the experiment, 30 male rats were divided into 3 groups in 2 replicates. The first 4 groups were fed wheat varieties UC66049 and Skorpion. The last two groups received control wheat Bohemia. Consumption of feed, rat growths and feed conversion ratio were recorded during the experiment. After 72 days of testing, blood was collected. Blood plasma biochemistry profile was analysed. After a statistical evaluation, the finding was elevated the significant higher values of bilirubin and creatine kinase in the group fed Skorpion compared to UC66049 and control groups. The values of total protein were significantly lower in Skorpion wheat. Other evaluated parameters of the monitored blood plasma were non-significant.
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Motor development after repeated dosing of AMPA receptors antagonist in laboratory rats
Hanzalová, Jitka ; Mareš, Pavel (advisor) ; Valeš, Karel (referee)
Substance IEM 1460 is an antagonist of AMPA receptors in the brain. It is a derivative of adamantine, which has already been tested in several studies as a potential age-related anticonvulsant. In the research part of the thesis there is a summary of the knowledge about receptors, focusing on AMPA receptors, IEM 1460, epilepsy and ontogenetic development of laboratory rat. The research section evaluates the effect of IEM 1460 on motor skills of a rat in a few postnatal days of its life. To evaluate spontaneous animal motor skills, Open-Field tracking was used, and several specific tests were used to evaluate provoked motor skills. A total of 30 animals were included in the research. Substances (IEM 1460 at 3 mg / kg, IEM 1460 at 10 mg / kg or 2 ml / kg saline) were infused intraperitoneally on five consecutive days (ages P7-P11) and the animals were repeatedly tested at age 12, 15, 18, 21, 25, 31 and 60 days. In this study, IEM 1460 has not been shown to have significant effect on the gross rat motor skills and therefore the substance remains as a serious candidate for age-specific antiepileptic drugs.
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Assessment of the impact of phenytoin on motor activity development of laboratory rats by motor activity testing and swimming analysis
Matoušková, Kateřina ; Mareš, Pavel (advisor) ; Valeš, Karel (referee)
Phenytoin is well-known antiepileptic drug with high anticonvulsant effect but also with proven side effects on motor activities associated with its long-term use. This thesis summarizes side effects of phenytoin on motor skills and coordination of rats after acute phenytoin treatment. Theoretical part includes proven effects of phenytoin on human and animal model. Knowledge about motor skills development of rats and comparison with human motor skills development is also included in the thesis. Apart from locomotion development, swimming development is also described. We compared three groups of rats in the experiment. Each group consisted of ten rats. We compared group with dosage 60 mg/kg, 30 mg/kg, control group and vehicle group. Each group was tested before application for control. We tested animals on postnatal day 12, 18 and 25. Effects of phenytoin were evaluated by motor skills testing and swimming analyses. The results of this thesis have proved impaired motor skills and coordination after phenytoin treatment of 12 and 25 days old rats.
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Vliv přídavku technického konopí Cannabis sativa na antioxidační aktivitu u laboratorních potkanů
Urbánková, Lenka
This thesis studies an influence of hemp added to feed rations on the organism of tested animals. In this feeding experiment the effect of supplied hemp to weight increments and antioxidant activity was observed. The tested animals were rats of strain Wistar albino. The experiment was performed with 20 male rats which were divided into 4 groups. Two groups were fed with hemp mixture and other two with control mixture. During the experiment subjects were weighed once a week and weight gain and feed consumptions were recorded. Spectrofotometric method Folin-Ciocalteu for determinations of polyphenolic compounds was used. Antioxidant activity was measured for the individual samples of feed and liver tissues of tested animals. They were FRAP and TEAC method used. The results of measurement of antioxidant activity in liver tissue proved inconclusive for both methods. Demonstrable differences were found only in samples of feed. The processing was used ANOVA statistical method using the Scheffe test.
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Possible influencing the motor performance of developing rats by repeated administration of the NMDA receptor antagonist specific for NR2 subunit
Kozlová, Lucie ; Mareš, Pavel (advisor) ; Valeš, Karel (referee)
Nonspecific NMDA receptor antagonists induce hyperlocomotion in rats. The aim of this work is to determine whether the NMDA receptor antagonist specific for NR2 subunit exhibit similar negative effect as nonspecific antagonists. This subunit is predominant in the brain in the early postnatal period. The introduction summarizes the data on NMDA receptors and the development of rat. The experimental part deals with the action of a specific NMDA receptor antagonist Ro 25-6981 on motor performance of developing rats. Substance was repeatedly administered to rats at postnatal days 7 to 11. Spontaneous locomotion and motor performance of the animals were repeatedly tested up to adulthood by battery of tests appropriate for individual ages. Our research demonstrated that this substance does not have significant effect on motor system of laboratory rat and that it might be further tested as a possible age-bound antiepileptic drug.
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Study of the metabolism of 17α-ethinylestradiol by cytochromes P450
Valášková, Petra ; Černá, Věra (advisor) ; Levová, Kateřina (referee)
A synthetic estrogen 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) is the main active component of the hormonal contraceptive pills. The rise of consumption of hormonal contraceptives has increased the risk of the back negative effects of EE2 to aquatic organisms. EE2 belongs to the endocrine disruptive compounds known for mimicking natural hormones. A more detailed examination of the transformation of this compound in vivo and in vitro can contribute to a better understanding of its negative effects. This master thesis is therefore devoted to the study of the metabolism of EE2 in two selected model organisms. The ligninolytic fungus Pleurotus ostreatus is the type of fungi with promising biodegradation ability to a lot of pollutants. These properties have led to numerous studies of the degradation potential of P. ostreatus towards EE2, with the possibility of removing this compound from the environment. EE2 has been degraded by the fungus P. ostreatus in vivo resulting in one hydroxylated metabolite, which estrogenic activity is in need for further study. In vitro studies were carried out with a microsomal fraction isolated from the mycelium of this fungus. The conversion of EE2 in vitro via CYPs dependent on NADPH has not been demonstrated, however using KHP as a cofactor, there was one metabolite of EE2 found,...
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