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Life Cycle and Asset Poverty
Lancuchová, Petra ; Želinský, Tomáš (advisor) ; Janotík, Tomáš (referee)
Poverty is generally defined as a lack of income to meet basic needs. The economic conditions of a household depend except from income also on assets of a household, and so on its real and financial asset holdings. The core of this thesis is to explore how asset holdings influence poverty over the life cycle. In last years, plenty of papers concerning this topic have been published and results of them are similar. This thesis builds on previous researches, but several modifications have been made. In our empirical research, we use the data gained from the Slovak HFCS survey conducted in 2014 to investigate how the asset position of individual or household evolves throughout the life. Besides ordinary least squares method that focuses on the impact of age for the average value of assets, we adopted the method of quantile regression to reveal the differences of age influence on different values of assets. By estimating five models in four variations we discovered that age is not always relevant when determining the values of household assets. The result indicate that age is of importance only from the certain age level. It was also found out that asset position of retired people is better than the asset position of younger people in cases where age significantly affects the given forms of assets.
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Defining the Basic Socio-ecological Landscapes Types in the Czech Republic in the Context of Ecosystem Service Provision
Spustová, Kateřina ; Vačkářová, Davina Elena (advisor) ; Romportl, Dušan (referee)
Current approaches of anthropogenic impact on the ecosystems and ecosystem services are within the scope of this master's thesis. The aim of the thesis is, on the basis of current landscape classifications, landscape typologies, and their combination with approaches of ecosystem services classification, to appoint socio-ecological units as functional socio-ecological types of the territory. In other words, on the basis of classification listed, this thesis attempts to prove, that socio-ecological units are functional socio-ecological types of the territory, which should be given proper attention. Socio-ecological landscapes are defined according to degree of anthropogenic impact, selected socioeconomic characteristics, and selected ecosystem services. The thesis focuses on three of four categories of ecosystem services defined in Millennium Ecosystem Assessment - provisioning services, regulating services, and cultural services. As a methodology, the quantitative research was chosen. The research was carried out by data collection and the analysis of statistical data of Czech Statistical Office, Czech Office for Surveying, Mapping and Cadastre, and Statistical Yearbook of Soil Services. The thesis main finding is that social and ecological components of socio-ecological systems are in mutual...
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Wealth and its measurement
Vrabec, Václav ; Musil, Petr (advisor) ; Ondruš, Vítězslav (referee)
Wealth, well-being and the standard of living of the population are among the most important topics of economic policy and statistics. This diploma thesis deals with statistical concepts of wealth measurement, especially the wealth of households. The aim of the thesis is to introduce various indicators that deal with the mentioned issues. This thesis will describe Gross Domestic Product, Household Consumption, EU-SILC Survey, or Alternative Indicators Assessing the Living Standard of the Population. The most important indicator characterizing the wealth of households will be the net worth of households. On the presented indicators I will describe the development of wealth of households in the Czech Republic since 1993. Another part of the thesis is focused on describing the relationship between net worth and other indicators of wealth through cointegration analysis of time series. In this cointegration analysis, the ADL model and the EC model will be used. The last part of the thesis is aimed at the international comparison of the wealth of households within selected European countries. For this comparison will be use a cluster analysis to build clusters of states with a similar household wealth.
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The effect of material prosperity on happiness: Evidence from Europe
Rečková, Dominika ; Pertold-Gebicka, Barbara (advisor) ; Bauer, Michal (referee)
Easterlin paradox referring to relatively stable levels of happiness and increasing in come over time, although these two seem to be correlated at one point in time has became a hot topic among economist researches in recent decades. The thesis ex tends the usual income analysis to reveal the nature of correlations between material prosperity and happiness. Series of 15 OLS, ordered probit and ordered logit models together with 35 quantile regressions provide a complex analysis of possible happi ness drivers. Results find significant correlations between material prosperity and happiness, and between happiness and social life. The relationship between income and happiness might be non-linear and influenced by various factors. Happiness is found to be dependent on relative income and socio-politic living environment which explains the Easterlin paradox. JEL codes D6, 124, 131 , J31 K ey words Happiness, Well-being, Life satisfaction, Public pol icy, Material prosperity, Reference point, Inequality
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Measuring the Index of Constructive External Engagement: ICEE for the Czech Republic
Svitáková, Lucie ; Janský, Petr (advisor) ; Votápková, Jana (referee)
In this thesis we compute the Index of Constructive External Engagement (ICEE) for the Czech Republic. First, we introduce the theory of the index and discuss its differences with Commitment to Development Index from which ICEE originates. Second, we find the necessary data and compute the score of ICEE for the Czech Republic. Third, we discuss the overall result and subsequently the score of each component separately. Finally, we create an original comparison of ICEE with other related works to ascertain its current data validity. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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The Consequences of new ways measurment of economic welfare for recommendation to economic policy
Hrnčířová, Kristýna ; Štika, Pavel (advisor) ; Skuhrovec, Jiří (referee)
Current economic policy, favoring particurarly economic growth as a condition for the growth of well-being, is confronted with empirical evidence that despite this effort, population is not always satisfied. This thesis examines, in addittion to economic growth, also other important economic indicators such as unemployement and inflation, their interrelations and connections of these indicators with the satisfaction of population. It presents reasons for importance of the development of these variables for the satisfaction of residents and to what extent satisfaction can be affected by these variables. Variables are investigated from the perspective of mainstream economics and the economics and happiness. In conclusion, this thesis summarizes recent findings of leading economists on possible revision of economic policy to better reflect present empirical evidence. Key words: Economic policy, subjective well-being, well-being, income, unemploment, inflation, Easterlin paradox .
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Assessment of quality of life and public services in Bučovice
Machálková, Kateřina
The objective of this diploma thesis is to "Assess the quality of life and public services in Bučovice". The theoretical part is based on general information about the term "quality of life" and its assessment. The practical part focuses on respondent's satisfaction with living in the town. On the basis of the survey, practical recommendations that should help to improve the quality of life in Bučovice were defined for the town council.
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Are inhabitants of western Europe happier that inhabitants of eastern Europe?
Čermák, Jiří ; Němcová, Ingeborg (advisor) ; Karpová, Eva (referee)
The aim of master thesis is finding answers to the question, if inhabitants of western Europe are happier than inhabitants of eastern Europe. I want to compare standards of living in these regions based on the indexes of living standards. Further I want find out, if the happiness is measurable. Europe during the economic crisis has shown that GDP of countries slowed down, but is this economic indicator showing happiness of nations? Does it present satisfaction and well-being of the population? Can we identify some relation or dependence between GDP and happiness of the population? What are the indicators that are able to answer this question? A substantial part of my work will be comparison of the individual indexes of living standards and I will specify, what means standard of living and what are the components. In the practical part I want to compare reality in different areas of human life, which is related to the standard of living and to compare these data between the nations in western Europe and eastern Europe.
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Rationalisation of the US Welfare State in the 1980s and 1990s
Dusil, Jakub ; Johnson, Zdenka (advisor) ; Soukup, Jaromír (referee)
The thesis deals with changes in attitude towards the US welfare state in the 1980s and 1990s, when its classical (liberal) concept was outshined by a more rational attitude of conservatism. Through a reduction in the number of welfare recipients President Reagan wanted to terminate the growth trend in the cost of social security. His provisions, however, caused a reduction in work incentives of welfare recipients and a significant decline in income of these people. Along with measures positively motivating to work President Clinton limited eligibility for social benefits and caused significant changes in the behavior of groups of people most dependent on these revenues. Analysis in the last part is focused on the effects of these measures on American society and changes in the well-being of various groups of the population. Findings show that Clinton was able to exploit the good economic conditions of the late 20th century better than Reagan. His social reform caused a more significant decrease in the number of those receiving social benefits, which was also accompanied by improvements in living conditions of US citizens - by growing self-sufficiency through increased labor participation and a decrease in poverty.
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