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Gluten-free diet and current situation in the restaurants
KUCHAŘOVÁ, Miroslava
The theses called "Gluten-free diet and current situation in the restaurants" is focused on the issues associated with the availability of gluten-free meals in eating facilities of various types and with the possibilities of customers with gluten intolerance when eating out. In the first theoretical part, a "celiac" disease is described. It is compared with other forms of gluten intolerance there, too. Next part is dedicated to food allergen labelling because this topic is very close to the gluten-free diet. This part also characterizes various types of eating facilities and I depicts the territories where my research was made (the city of České Budějovice and the city of Klatovy), finally. The aim of this thesis was to take a close look at the offer of gluten-free meals in various types of eating facilities in the above mentioned cities and to examine the cooks´ knowledge of the principles of gluten-free diet. Here I compared nutritional values of gluten-free diet one-week menu with balanced diet recommendations, too. At the very end of the theoretical part I transformed some meals from restaurants´ standard menus into gluten-free version. In the practical part, a combination of quantitative and qualitative research methods was applied. There were 20 eating facilities included in the research 10 in the city of České Budějovice and 10 in the city of Klatovy. The quantitative method was used to analyze the menus of the given eating facilities, the qualitative method, on the other hand, in the form of semi-structured interviews with the representative of these facilities. The results of the analysis of the menus were put into the Excel chart. The interviews were interpreted through mind maps. When compiling a one-week gluten-free diet I used a computer program "Nutriservis Professional". Finally, I compared the data from the above mentioned program with the figures recommended for the balanced diet. The analysis of the restaurants´ menus brought the following results normally, eating facilities don´t offer as many gluten-free meals as meals containing gluten. However, a number of naturally gluten-free meals in restaurants´ menus is not so bad. Moreover, the analysis of the interviews suggests that there is no problem to agree with the cooks on preparing a gluten-free meal if it is not in the menu. What is not satisfying is allergen labelling in restaurants´ menus and the cooks´ knowledge of gluten-free diet, too. The comparison of gluten-free and balanced diets implies that they do not differ too much as for the basic nutrients, energy, proteins, carbohydrates or fats. To conclude, this fact proves that gluten-free diet is adequate to the balanced diet.
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Význam a využití bezlepkových obilovin v pekařství
PECHOVÁ, Klára
Protein complex called gluten cereal grain consists of two protein fractions, prolamins and glutelins. The properties of gluten proteins are essential for use in preparing the bakery industry. They form the structure and help digestion pastries. Celiac disease is an inflammatory inherited disease that causes gluten ingestion. May exhibit many symptoms which vary depending on age. Biopsy of the small intestine and blood tests are essential diagnostics. Duhring's disease, which manifests itself on the skin is a form of celiac sprue. For allergy to gluten is also a disease caused by gluten, but in comparison with celiac disease responds immediately from its ingestion. Treatment can only be adherence to a gluten-free diet. From the beginning the need to avoid all products containing wheat, barley and rye. Legumes, naturally gluten-free cereals, meat, fruit and vegetables are among the most suitable raw materials in the gluten-free diet. Gluten cereals (wheat, barley, rye) are important in many ways. It belongs to the main source of fiber, B vitamins, minerals, energy, phytochemicals. Not to be used only for the human diet, but especially as feed grain. In contrast, naturally gluten-free grains include current demand due to the very popular. The main significance lies in the diet for celiac and allergic to gluten. For the baking industry are mainly used gluten-free flours that have poorer properties for bakery products. Generally, gluten-free bread is very difficult to prepare because of lacking quality properties that have gluten. However, a number of additives which improve not only technological production process, but also the sensory value of the bakery product. For the preparation of mixtures for manufacture of gluten-free bread can be used as native and modified starches, enzymes, and other additives. Enzymatic methods, it is possible to modify the gluten flour for gluten-free.
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Impact of elevated carbon dioxide concentration and nitrogen fertilization on protein content of glutenin fraction in winter wheat
Veselá, Markéta ; Vespalcová, Milena (referee) ; Hrstka, Miroslav (advisor)
This bachelor thesis studies the impact of elevated carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere and nitrogen nutrition on protein kontent in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) var. Bohemia. Glutenin proteins were separated by SDS-PAGE method and protein quantification was performed by computer densitometry. It was proved that the nitrogen fertilization has a great influence on the amount of glutenin proteins, which increased in all samples. Effect of elevated CO2 concentrationis not nearly as significant, however certain differences can be seen. Samples of wheat grown under conditions of reduced UV radiation, and samples of wheat grown under natural conditions did not show great differences in the content of glutenins.
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Impact of elevated carbon dioxide concentration on protein content of gliadin fraction in winter wheat
Šimíčková, Adéla ; Vítová, Eva (referee) ; Hrstka, Miroslav (advisor)
The aim of this bachelor thesis was to study the impact of elevated CO2 concentration, nitrogen fertilization and UV radiation on the content of gliadin fractions in winter wheat. Winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) var. Bohemia was cultivated in conditions with ambient and elevated (700 mol mol-1) CO2 concentrations. Nitrogen nutrition (200 kg N ha-1) was added to half of the samples, while the another half of samples remained unfertilized. Plants were grown in greenhouses both with shielded UV-B radiation and with normal UV radiation. Environment with natural rainfall was the same for all of these variants. Gliadins were extracted by 2-chlorethanol, separated by A-PAGE method and subsequently quantified by computer densitometry. Significant increase of gliadin proteins was noticed in conditions of nitrogen fertilization in natural UV radiation, both in elevated and ambient CO2 concentrations, whereas in an eliminated UV-B radiation significant effect of nitrogen was not observed. Therefore UV radiation influenced in combination with nitrogenous nutrition as stimulative factor. However, statistically significant impact of evelated CO2 concentration on gliadin content was not proved.
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Impact of elevated carbon dioxide concentration and nitrogen nutrition on protein content of glutenin and gliadin fraction in winter wheat
Chadimová, Klára ; Vítová, Eva (referee) ; Hrstka, Miroslav (advisor)
The present study investigates effects of elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration, different nitrogen fertilization levels, drought and UV radiation on protein content of wheat gluten fractions glutenins and gliadins. Winter wheat cultivar Bohemia was grown under ambient CO2 concentration (AC; 400 mol CO2.mol-1) and elevated CO2 concentration (EC; 700 mol CO2.mol-1). Half of the samples was fertilized with 200 kg N.ha-1 (N+) and the other part stayed unfertilized (N–). Other environmental factors were UV radiation exclusion (UV–, UV+) and drought (DRY, WET). Gliadins were separated by A-PAGE, glutenins by SDS-PAGE. Proteins were quantified by computer densitometry. Nitrogen fertilization caused an significat increase of gliadins and glutenins. While some gliadins subfractions were significantly lowered by drought, HMW glutenin subunits showed significant increase. UV radiation exclusion resulted in significant decrease of some gliadin subfractions and glutenin subunits. CO2 enrichment caused significant increase of glutenin subfractions HMW 1 and 2, while gliadin subfractions -5 1 and 1 were significantly decreased by elevated CO2 concentration.
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Enzyme hydrolyses of wheat gluten for the gluten free application
Svobodová, Dominika ; Vránová, Dana (referee) ; Ing.Silvia Mošovská,Ph.D. (advisor)
Celiac disease is attributable to autoimmune diseases, where treatment is based on absolute respect for gluten-free diet. As the gluten used widely in all areas of food production, strict adherence to a gluten-free diet really can be difficult for people with celiac disease. Products suitable also for those suffering from the disease are usually expensive. Finally, patients that undergo exclusively on a gluten-free diet are robbing the important nutritional components. Therefore, interest in this type of products innovation enhance as to the nutritional, technological, as well as organoleptic properties. The aim of this final thesis was to draw up literature review of the celiac disease and gluten allergen, or his particular part of gliadin. In the experimental part, attention was focused on the first hydrolytic cleavage of starch, the substrate was sterilized wheat flour and water, where is incorporated spiral just gluten. The best ability of degrading the starch grains, the combination of enzymes and MT3K and GLUAMK concentration of 0, 1% over 4 hours of action, as indicated by a reduction in the starch content of the original amount of 72,65 % at a concentration of 29,00 %. The next item of work distribution used different proteases, to reduce the amount of gliadin to below 20 ppm per kilogram of final product. Low levels investigated allergen (10,79 ppm/kg) recorded by the enzyme combination exoprotease Flavourzyme (0,1 %) and endoprotease Neutral Protease (0,1 %) at 7 hours hydrolytic action. The conclusion of the thesis was prepared several alternatives gluten-free breads and through sensory evaluation assessed the characteristics of color, aroma and taste to predict the location of the products on the commercial market.
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Influence of carbon dioxide elevated concentration on wheat flour quality
Drahovzalová, Kateřina ; Márová, Ivana (referee) ; Hrstka, Miroslav (advisor)
This thesis studied the influence of elevated carbon dioxide concentration on the properties of ears, grain and flour in two varieties of wheat (Triticum aestivum). The Vánek and Septima varieties were grown in special greenhouses, both in normal atmosphere with carbon dioxide concentration (AC = 385 ?mol?mol-1), and at elevated carbon dioxide concentration (EC = 700 ?mol?mol-1). Quantitative analysis of grain (the content of crude protein, starch, moisture and hardness of grain) was carried out using NIR, gluten content (gluten index) was determined after washing with water and gluten quality was expressed as falling number. Total crude protein content was determined according to Kjeldahl, total amino acids and amino acids content by ion exchange chromatography. Variety Vánek showed significantly larger size of the spikes, more grains and higher grain weight, when it was cultivated in the atmosphere of elevated CO2 concentration. For variety Septima, the size of AC and EC ear variants was comparable, but the ears of corn grown in the EC had a significantly greater number of grains and greater weight. Vánek variety grown in elevated CO2 concentration had lower weight of 100 grains, Septima variety grown in elevated CO2 concentration had greater weight of 100 grains. The varieties Vánek and Septima grown at elevated CO2 concentration showed significantly lower content of crude protein (28.4%) and gluten index (by 34.6%). In comparison with the AC variant, EC also showed lower overall content of crude protein and amino acids.
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Effects of elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide and nitrogen supply on grain quality of wheat
Chadimová, Klára ; Babák, Libor (referee) ; Hrstka, Miroslav (advisor)
The aim of this study was to examine the effect of elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration and different nitrogen fertilization levels on wheat grain quality. Winter wheat cultivar Bohemia was grown under ambient carbon dioxide concentration (AC) and elevated carbon dioxide concentration (EC; 700 mol carbon dioxide per mol) half of the samples was fertilized with 200 kg N per ha (N+) and the other part stayed unfertilized (N-). Zeleny value and Hagberg-Perten value was determined. Bulk density was determined by routine method. Grain hardness, dry matter content, starch concentration and crude protein concentration was determined by NIR spektroscopy. No effect on grain quality was detected due to carbon dioxide enrichment. However nitrogen fertilizer influenced grain quality significantly. Zeleny value and crude protein concentration were decreased and starch concentration was increased in samples that stayed unfertilized. Other grain quality parameters stayed unaffected.
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Monitoring of the wheat quality for food production
Slavíčková, Radka ; Hýsková, Eva (referee) ; Omelková, Jiřina (advisor)
The aim of this study was to monitor the quality of wheat Triticum aestivum, imported into the laboratory MORAGRO after harvest by eight different suppliers, and to evaluate the main quality parameters decisive for the final use of cereal crops. The introduction of the theoretical part was devoted to understanding commercial and agricultural importance of wheat and description of morphological and physiological characteristics of wheat grain. The core of the theoretical part has been focused on the description and explanation of physical and chemical properties of the wheat grain, which largely affect the final product quality of wheat. External factors affecting final quality and yields of wheat were also commented. The experimental part was based on measurements of main quality parameters of wheat (moisture content, bulk density, falling number, amount of gluten and the wheat proteins, sedimentation value and content of additives and impurities). In most cases, measurements were carried out using automated instruments. The quality of wheat was determined based on the obtained results, which allows deciding, whether it is appropriating for food production.
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Influence of elevated carbon dioxide concentration on the quality of wheat flour
Zítková, Jana ; Vránová, Dana (referee) ; Hrstka, Miroslav (advisor)
This work treats of influence of carbon dioxide increased concentration on wheat yield and quality of wheat grains and flour. It focuses above all on total content nitrogenous substances in flour, content of proteins, gluten and bake charackteristics. Generally, increased carbon dioxide concentrations cause an increase of wheat yield and decrease of total content of nitrogenous substances. Gluten content is lower and that is why the bake properties are worse too.
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