|
Interactive Influence of Genetic Effects and Effects of External Environment on Properties of Large Arteries in Relation to Sodium Management
Seidlerová, Jitka ; Filipovský, Jan (advisor) ; Widimský, Jiří (referee) ; Segers, Patrick (referee) ; Herijgers, Paul (referee)
In line with Guyton's work, the goal of our research was to explore in three European populations whether the properties of large arteries are associated with renal sodium handling, which itself changes with environmental factors and with variation in a large number of genes. Before engaging in the genetic analyses proper, we first studied the familial aggregation and the heritability of arterial properties. In all our analyses, we accounted for relatedness among participants and for covariables and confounders. In a first study, we compared the arterial characteristics and blood pressure (BP) in normotensive offspring of two normotensive parents (OFF/NT) and normotensive offspring, who had at least one hypertensive parent (OFF/HT). We measured peripheral pulse pressure (PPp) by conventional and 24-h ambulatory BP. A SphygmoCor device was used to determine the central (CAIx) and peripheral (PAIx) augmentation indexes, central pulse pressure (PPc), and aortic pulse wave velocity (aPWV). Compared with OFF/NT (n=59; 16 to 34 years of age), the OFF/HT (n=174; 17 to 40 years) had higher (0.14<P<0.0007) BP and PPp on conventional measurement (121/75 vs. 114/71 mm Hg and 46 vs. 42 mm Hg) as well as on 24-h ambulatory monitoring (118/70 vs. 114/67 mm Hg and 48 vs. 47 mm Hg). OFF/HT, compared with OFF/NT, also had...
|
|
Population ageing and replacement migration in the Czech republic
Pavlov, Vratislav ; Langhamrová, Jitka (advisor) ; Fiala, Tomáš (referee)
Population ageing is one of the most important current problems in developed countries. The goal of my work is the analysis of economic and social problems occasioned by population ageing, population prognosis and the possibility of compensation a population loss and changes in age structure through replacement migration. This is all in the Czech Republic. For my work I will use readily available information databases, mainly the database provided by Czech Statistical Office and the databases of relevant ministries in the Czech Republic. At first I will make demographic predictions using a component method without migration and then I will use replacement migration to compensate a population loss and changes in selected demoeconomic characteristics. The contribution of my work is in the concretization of methodology for calculating the replacement migration and in the results obtained from this study, which will show feasibility of this concept in practice. Last but not least I will look for solutions to the adverse economic impact of population ageing. In my study at first I will explain the concept of an ageing population and analyze past demographic trends in the Czech Republic. The entire chapter I will attend to migration and migration policy. Then I will focus on demographic forecast and especially replacement migration. At the end of my work I will analyze the economic impacts of an ageing population and the possibilities for their solution.
|
|
Vascular Calcification and Bone Demineralization in Patiens with Chronic Renal Failure
Mareš, Jan ; Opatrná, Sylvie (advisor) ; Topolčan, Ondřej (referee) ; Spustová, Viera (referee) ; Štěpán, Jan (referee)
Background: Patients treated with chronic dialysis show extreme mortality, particularly due to cardiovascular disease. Renal failure is associated with different risk factors of cardiovascular complications than those defined for non-renal population. One of these factors, currently considered most important, are vascular calcifications. At the same time, patients on dialysis regularly suffer from derrangements of calcium-phosphate metabolism, including skeletal demineralization. As a consequence, both incidence and prevalence of bone fractures are high. Aims: This study therefore investigates vascular calcifications and skeletal demineralization, their clinical implications and associations in patients treated with long-term dialysis. Methods: Two groups of patients were examined in a prospective manner (follow-up > 1 year); 32 patients treated with peritoneal dialysis and 72 treated with regular hemdodialysis. Treatment parameters and biochemical markers of calcium-phosphate metabolism were monitored throughout the study. Bone mineral density of lumbar spine (together with vertebral fractures) as well as coronary artery, valvular and aortic calcifcations were determined repeatedly. All radiological parameters were measured during one computed-tomography scanning session. Results: A significant...
|
|
Pension reform: necessity or rent-seeking?
Paroubková, Martina ; Munzi, Tomáš (advisor) ; Koblovský, Petr (referee)
Pension reform is a very discussed topic of these days. Almost all groups of population agree that present system is unmaintainable because of the unfavourable demographic evolution. However, suggested methods of solution are various. This work is focused especially on a possibility of transition to a mandatory saving that represents one of three pillars of the pension system. Its aim is to analyze if the reform of the pension system can be a contribution for the whole population or only for certain groups. The paper will evaluate results from the countries in which reform has already passed (especially Chile), sum up if the pension privatization was an effective step and judge if this system is applicable also in the Czech Republic. The final report of Bezděk committee that has been analyzing the current system and suggesting changes in the system will be another source of reference. In conclusion the work should answer the question if the fund system is more suitable than the current PAYG system in the Czech Republic.
|
|
Cytogeography of Cardamine amara in the Czech Republic and the origin of tetraploid populations
Krásná, Iva ; Koutecký, Petr (referee) ; Marhold, Karol (advisor)
Diskuse ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 100 Neiova genetická diverzita byla u tetraploidních populací na okraji areálu (6245, 6249) nižší, ale jinak nebyla v míře diverzity v geografickém rozmístění populací žádná zákonitost. U triploidní populace nebyla zaznamenána žádná genetická diverzita, což opět poukazuje, že se jedná o klon. Výsledný graf PCoA analýzy od sebe oddělil skupiny diploidních a tetraploidních jedinců. Diploidní populace z kontaktních a izolovaných oblastí jsou rovnoměrně promíšené. Tetraploidi z kontaktní oblasti se objevují v prostoru blíž k diploidům, což by mohlo indikovat omezený ale existující genový tok od diploidů k tetrapoidům. Triploidní populace se nachází v prostoru kontaktních a izolovaných tetraploidních populací. Pravděpodobně díky jejich existenci dochází k sekundárnímu kontaktu a genovému toku mezi ploidními úrovněmi. Bayesova analýza odlišila jedince do čtyř shluků. Diploidní jedinci měli ve svém shluku zařazeného jednoho tetraploida. Další shluk byl tvořen oddělenou triploidní populací. Tetraploidi tvořily shluk v němž byla odděleně vyčleněná populace 6245 Kozolupy. Dendrogram (neighbour-joining tree, NJ) od sebe oddělil větev diploidů a větev, která...
|
|
Aggregated Indicators in Ecological Economics
Syrovátka, Miroslav ; Brůha, Jan (advisor) ; Šauer, Petr (referee)
The aim of the thesis is to analyze three aggregated indicators and put them into the context of Ecological Economics. The second chapter points out that different sustainability perspectives imply distinct sustainability policies. Ecological Economics is outlined in contrast to Environmental Economics. Following three chapters analyze selected aggregated indicators. Aggregated indicators can provide quick insight into complex problems; however, their virtue depends to a large extent on the method of aggregation. Therefore, the interpretation of aggregated indicators should always be conditioned by their specific methodology. The Ecological Footprint is called technologically skeptical indicator of sustainability, applicable rather on a global than a national scale. Even on a lower scale the Ecological Footprint can illustrate demands of a given population for renewable natural resources. A major shortcoming of the Index of Sustainable Economic Welfare is the integration of welfare and sustainability into one indicator since it does not allow for a simple interpretation of its results. High correlation between the Human Development Index and the indicators of economic activity limits the usefulness of the former. Yet, it can serve as a basis for further evolution of the concept and measurement of human...
|
|
Fall-out of minimal necessary capacity of PET and PET/CT for oncological patients in CR
Šobáňová, Kateřina ; Bělohlávek, Otakar (advisor)
Positron emission tomography in the Czech Republic for a seven-year tradition. At this moment Czech Republic has two and three hybrid PET PET / CT scanners. They are used primarily in clinical practice in cancer patients. It is known that patients with proven cancer and patients with definite suspicion of malignancy forms a very large section of the population of patients investigated in nuclear medicine centers, especially in PET centers. The possibility of combining metabolic and anatomical-morphological appearance of tissues during a single examination (as in PET / CT) is significantly increased sensitivity and specificity of both methods and thus contributes not only to save time, but also speed up the diagnostic-therapeutic process, which is in cancer Patients particularly important and desirable. According to some sources, this examination may up to one third of cancer patients lead to a change of the originally planned therapy. [2] The investigative method of PET and PET / CT is for certain malignancies important not only in the diagnosis and monitoring of therapy, but it makes sense in a secondary tertiary prevention in search of metastasis and relapse and early detection relapse rate by other methods in that phase unobservable.
|
|
Analysis method of securing the evacuation of people from emergency planning zone of nuclear power plant Temelin
STARÁ, Andrea
The thesis deals with the solution to evacuation of the population from the zone of emergency planning of the nuclear power station Temelín in the event of an incident connected with the release of radioactive substances . It analyzes the way of evacuation of the persons, as one of the most important safety measures to ensure protection of the population. In particular, the work focuses on the correct procedures in the case of realization of the evacuation and competence of the persons involved in safety measures. It lists the basic criteria which are applied in protection of the population from the effects of ionizing radiation in vicinity of nuclear power plants. It proposes improving of quality of security protection and information of persons in the zone of emergency planning. The work is based on valid law regulations and special publications of the examined problems. The predominantly part is based on the laws in force, and expertise of publications covering the evacuation of the area.It refers to the external emergency plan, as the basic document for the planning of measures for the disposal of the consequences of radiation accidents or radiation accidents and the limitation of their consequences for the zone of emergency planning. The theoretical part proceeeds from analysis of contemporary legislation concerning the stated problematics, presents the general characteristics of a nuclear device and zone of emergency planning, defining the basic concepts and discusses the important measures in addressing emergencies arising in connection with radiation accidents in nuclear power plant. The work puts emphasis on the principle of correct behaviour of the population in the event of such an accident. For the processing of the thesis there has been used an exploration method, which is based on the proposed methodology. On the base of analysis of survey, possible ways of improvement of this branch were suggested. From the collected data there have been assessed possible system measures of evacuation with regard to their application in practice.
|
|
Local taxes in chosen municipalities in the Czech Republic
Kozák, Vojtěch ; Sedmihradská, Lucie (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with local taxes in twenty municipalities in the Eastern Bohemia. In the first, theoretic part is shown the present system of the local taxes and a short characteristic of particular local taxes. The practical part compares the local taxes policy of the municipalities. It examines primarily fiscal earnings from the local taxes, their structure and differences, their progress from 2001 and their participation in the tax revenues. The analysis proves the revenue dependence on the number of population. But does not prove the revenue per inhabitant dependence on the number of population.
|
| |
guest ::
