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The introduction of diagnosis of new bacterial pathogens Inquilinus and Pandoraea isolated from patients with cystic fibrosis and determining their sensitivity to antibiotics
Šulcová, Romana ; Melter, Oto (advisor) ; Nyč, Otakar (referee)
Cystic fibrosis is one of the most common autosomal recessive hereditary disease. Nowadays, people, with this disease, because early diagnosis and treatment of other associated symptoms a better prognosis than a few years ago. CF is a disease that is subject to mutation of the CFTR (Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator) on the seventh chromosome. Defect in the CFTR protein leads to failure of resorption and secretion of electrolytes chloride channel and thereby creating viscous mucus in the lungs, which is the main cause of chronic bacterial infections of the lower airways. Among the most common pathogens causing severe respiratory infections in CF patients include: Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Burkholderia cepacia complex. In patients with CF is now showing in the airways of new bacterial species whose biological properties are not yet known and their role in the etiopathogenesis of the disease and epidemiology are not exactly known. In these days their detection is used by specific amplification methods, or sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. Emerging pathogens such as the genus Pandoraea and Inguilinus that belong non-fermenting Gram-negative groups in the rods, and therefore are often exchange for other bacterial species that are phenotypically similar to them. In the...
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The introduction of diagnosis of new bacterial pathogens Ralstonia a Achromobacter isolated from patients with cystic fibrosis and determining their sensitivity to antibiotics
Michálková, Alice ; Melter, Oto (advisor) ; Bébrová, Eliška (referee)
Cystic fibrosis (mucoviscidosis) is an incurable genetic disease caused by mutations in the CFTR (Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator Gene). The most common causes of increased mortality and morbidity of patients include bacterial respiratory infections which may occur even due to less frequent pathogens. Bacterial species of the Ralstonia and Achromobacter genera are not considered pathogenic for healthy people, but they have been established as pathogens in the sputum of patients with CF. However, due to their phenotypic similarity to other bacterial pathogens encountered in patients with CF, microbiologists often do not pay attention to them. The aim of this thesis was to propose some methods of identification of the genus Ralstonia, to determine both quantitative and qualitative susceptibility towards antibiotics, and to make a bibliographical search focused on the issue of the Achromobacter genus. Strains of Ralstonia spp. were identified using phenotypic and genotypic methods and were tested for the susceptibility towards antibiotics. The thesis also proposes a new method of genotypic indentification of R. respiraculi.
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Mechanisms of MLSB resistance in Staphylococcus aureus in patients with cystic fibrosis
Bukáčková, Eva ; Melter, Oto (advisor) ; Matyska Lišková, Petra (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to summarize the mechanisms of resistance of Staphylococcus aureus to MLSB antibiotics (macrolides, lincosamides and streptogramins B type) which are used to treat respiratory infections in cystic fibrosis patients. This pathogen evolved during time many various strategies of resistance to these proteosynthesis inhibitors. The most common mechanisms are target site modification, modification of the antibiotic itself or antibiotic eflux out of the bacterial cell. Apart from these mechanisms based on acquisition of genes, a mutation of specific genes can also result in resistance of the strain. In the lungs of CF patients, long-term antibiotic treatment together with immune system defects result in development of a unique niche. It is colonized (besides other bacteria) by S. aureus, which is well adapted to this environment and also uses different mechanisms of resistance as hypermutation or switching to dwarf phenotype (small colony variants) enabling intracellular persistence. MLSB antibiotics as well as beta-lactams are being applied as the treatment of choice for respiratory infections in CF patients. Studying the mechanisms of MLSB resistance is therefore of extraordinary importance.
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Development of model system for study of bacterial adhesion on lung epithelium of CF patients
Nosková, Libuše ; Hodek, Petr (advisor) ; Švédová, Martina (referee)
Cystic fibrosis is an inherited disease bearing a number of health difficulties. The main complication is a chronic colonization and infection of respiratory tract with specific microorganisms - especially Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The lung infection with this microorganism is the most common cause of all of death in these patients. The colonization of respiratory tract is mediated by the series of adhesive structures such as lectin PA-IIL. Currently, the most widely used therapy is an antibiotic treatment. Due to the increasing resistance to antibiotics another methods for treatment are being searched. One possibility is a passive immunization of patients with chicken antibodies. For this purpose, we prepared antibodies against one of the adhesive structures of P. aeruginosa - recombinant lectin PA-IIL. These antibodies be able to recognize a native lectin PA-IIL, expressed by P. aeruginosa. To test the ability of antibodies to prevent adhesion of bacteria on the lung epithelial cells a suitable model system was necessary to develop. The basal components of this system include epithelial cells and P. aeruginosa. Epithelial cells from airways of cystic fibrosis patient were isolated by two methods. One method is based on the direct isolation from the dissected tissue and the second one is a brushing...
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The nursing process in a patient with cystic fibrosis
Václavková, Aleksandra ; Tomová, Šárka (advisor) ; Kaplická, Jitka (referee)
This bachelor ́s thesis deals with patients suffering from cystic fibrosis (CF). The thesis includes a theoretical and a practical part. In the theoretical one, underlying anatomical and physiological disturbances in key organ systems are discussed. A historical review, genetics aspects, manifestations of the disease and current treating possibilities are also concerned. Despite a considerable improvement on the field of the diagnostic process, the diagnosis of CF is still often considered to late with negative consequences on the prognosis. Although the causal therapy is still not existing, an intensive supportive care can significantly prolong and improve the quality of life of the patients. Considerable progress in the treatment research promises a total cure in the future. The practical part of the thesis contains an analysis of separates steps of the nursing process and its practical application in one concrete patient. I elaborated a nursing anamnesis according to the Gordon's functional health model. I elicited detailed information about patient's health state for establishing his complex evaluation. When the nursing problems determined and the diagnoses established, I worked on the realisation of defined nursing goals. According to the efficacy feedback, I continuously adapted the approach to the...
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Cystic fibrosis and Nutrition
PECHOVÁ, Jana
The name of bachelor's thesis is "Cystic fibrosis and nutrition". Cystic fibrosis is hereditary chronic disease. It is dysfunction ducts of chloride in a human organism. The manifestation of cystic fibrosis is large quantities of a mucus in the respiratory and digestive system of patient with this diagnostic. This disease we put in the group of very rare illnesses. The smaller percentage citizens in the Czech Republic have this disease. For the people with cystic fibrosis is priority follow recommended eating habits. Prognosis of this disease is getting better and patients can live full-value life. This thesis dealing with how observe the recommended eating habits and eating regimens. The thesis contains some objectives. First, there is finding out whether children who suffer from cystic fibrosis can all sorts of foodstuffs whether they have special requests for quality and preparation of foodstuffs. The second most important objective is appraisal of diets some sample of people with cystic fibrosis. For objectivity this thesis was chose four respondents in age bracket from three to eighteen years. On the basis of evaluation their week-long diet, questionnaires with their parents and with them and manoeuver a conversation will be to find out whether children observe all principle of recommended eating regimens. In the theoretic part of the thesis are use opinions of experts who are occupying with cystic fibrosis exhaustively. Their experience show how is important to choose right diet and observe correct eating principles and eating regimens. These opinions are use in the practical part. Conclusions from discussion can be used for practical work nutritive therapists who can meet with children with cystic fibrosis.
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Cystic fibrosis and pitfalls of life of patients with this diagnosis.
JENÍKOVÁ, Aneta
Cystic fibrosis is a disease that affects the digestive and respiratory systems. It is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder. The hallmark of cystic fibrosis is a thick mucus in the lungs, which must get out of the lungs. People with this diagnosis have no favorable prospects for quality life. The individual and his family have a lot to adapt to with this insidious disease. This disease is not curable, but thanks to the progress of science it is treatable. The treatment includes a proper acceptance of medications, pancreatic enzymes, antibiotics, vitamins, respect proper diet, intense inhalations, rehabilitation, periodic check-ups at the doctor, etc. The individual afflicted with the disease can live to adulthood, which was not possible before. Since its very childhood the child has to be led to a proper attitude to treatment and be aware of what can worsen his illness. Over the time, when the child becomes an adult it takes those life habits to its partnership where there should exist a support from the partner. Afterwards, they should both consider whether to have a family and everything that goes with it. Most men with cystic fibrosis have a blocked transport of sperm with thick mucus so sperm cannot pass through the egg and fertilize it. Only a small percentage of men can have a baby the natural way. Most men are recommended during puberty sperm collection and storage in the vault sperm. The name of the thesis is Mucoviscidosis and Pitfalls of Life of Patients with this Diagnosis and is processed purely on a theoretical basis. The main source for the work is the primary sources, i.e. professional publications of Czech and foreign authors. The aim of this work is to obtain comprehensive information about the disease, including the difficulties of life of patients with this diagnosis. The second part outlined the problems which cystic fibrosis has on an individual's life, from childhood to adulthood. The third part mentions the social issues. Financial assistance is emphasised, as the treatment of this disease is expensive.The partial goal was to focus on the latest advances in the diagnosis of cystic fibrosis, which is a new method of sweat test. It is important to receive digestives enzymes before each meal along with inhalations.The information about the disease was obtained mostly from specialized publications, articles from professional journals, as well as the official website of organization of the affected individual. The main goal of bachelor thesis was to get a comprehensive information about the disease including the difficulties of life of patients with this diagnosis. As a help to achieve the main objective significantly contribute sub-goals. Partial aim is to introduce the disease itself from its beginnings to its development, especially in terms of diagnosis. Another objective in writing this work was to explore the issue of this disease and provide informatik to the public and the family with a sick child. In terms of methodology, methods of explanation, synthesis and induction are used in the work. These methods are based on collection and combination of primary information and are aimed at the logical reconstruction of explanation and understanding of the topic.
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Home nursing care and outpatient about children with cystic fibrosis
LONGÍNOVÁ, Ilona
Home and outpatient nursing care about children suffering cystic fibrosis Cystic fibrosis is a serious autosomally recessive disease in European population. The disease affects lungs and the digestive system. Complex medical procedures have started to develop recently which improve the prognosis. Surrounding factors are also very important age, infection, nutrition, quality of medical and nursing care and above all, quality of home nursing care. CF is treatable today, nevertheless even with maximum care, using all available methods and processes, which modern medicine offers, it is unfortunately not curable. The task for modern medicine is mainly to reduce problems caused by this disease and to prevent worsening the problems. Care about breathing tubes is very important, as well as good nutrition, repression of infection and inflammation and treating complications. Nursing care about a child suffering cystic fibrosis is a topic including many problems it includes medicine, mental and social aspects. Parents and a team of specialists from an ambulance of cystic fibrosis are very important and their role of taking care about a diseased child is irreplaceable. The specialists, using their professional knowledge, help the parents to take care about the child well and at the same time react positively to the child´s needs. Their role of educating the parents and whole family is also irreplaceable. The mother or parents need someone to demonstrate specialized care of the child and to be able to try it themselves. They need support. In case the mother or parents and medical staff manage to cooperate well, we can reach requested results and satisfaction can be found on both sides.
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Physiotherapy in children with cystic fibrosis
TOMÁŠKOVÁ, Monika
The theme of this thesis is children´s cystic fibrosis and the impact of using the methods of physiotherapy. The thesis consists of theoretical and practical part. In the theoretical section is summarized the findings of cystic fibrosis, its history, diagnosis and treatment. Next, in theoretical parts are included the methods of respiratory physiotherapy and other methods of physiotherapy that can positively affect the lives of individuals with cystic fibrosis. Cystic fibrosis is a serious life-threatening disease. Currently there is no effective treatment leading to a complete cure. This disease is characteristic of excessive formation of thick mucus, which most frequently occur in the organs of the respiratory and digestive systems. Thick mucus is the basis for the emergence of various microorganisms which an individual is suffering from cystic fibrosis threatened. The main symptoms of cystic fibrosis are chronic respiratory diseases manifested by cough, expiratory dyspnea and a feeling of inability to breathe. Another typical symptom is a high concentration of electrolyte salt in sweat that causes patients salty taste of sweat. An important aspect is the early diagnosis of disease and early treatment. The key is to combinate pharmacological therapy with daily implementation methods of respiratory physiotherapy. Complementary forms of treatment may be the use of physiotherapy; it can significantly boost the quality of life of the individual. In the practical part is used qualitative research method, case study. The research was conducted in the home of the patient. The research sample was consisted of one patient diagnosed with cystic fibrosis, which was monitored over a period of several months. In the beginning was made entry kinesiology analysis, from which unfolded subsequent individual therapy. This was mainly focused on defective posture and partially covers methods of respiratory physiotherapy. At the end of therapy was conducted final kinesiology analysis. The results are processed in the form of case studies.
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