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Plant-soil feedback as a mechanism affect species diverzity of communities
Vondráková, Zuzana ; Münzbergová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Janoušková, Martina (referee)
Plant-soil feedback is known as the interaction between plant and soil. There is the feedback, when plant affect soil during their roots and on the other side soil affect growth and development through the change of their biotic and abiotic conditions. The plant-soil feedback is important mechanism of affecting plants or their competitive plant species through the soil. In this thesis I would like to summarize the functioning of the plant-soil feedback and factors which influence the feedback, the effect of feedback on the species diversity of plant communities, role in secondary succession, invasion and during coexistence of different species. I would like to point out, in which cases this feedback was confirmed experimentally and which experimental methods are used in the study of plant-soil feedback.
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The role of NG2 glycoprotein in the regulation of Rho/ROCK signaling.
Kratochvílová, Magdalena ; Rösel, Daniel (advisor) ; Libusová, Lenka (referee)
NG2 is a transmembrane glycoprotein mainly expressed in developing tissue, and often re-expressed in tumor cells. NG2 glycoprotein is an important regulator of cell migration and adhesion. Increased expression of NG2 enhances the metastatic potential of cancer cells. However, the molecular mechanisms of these processes are still not fully understood. An increasing number of evidences, in recent years, have shown that NG2 can be responsible for Rho/ROCK activation, which is essential for effective amoeboid invasiveness. In this thesis, we analysed the role of NG2 glycoprotein, especially the role of its PDZ- binding motif on amoeboid phenotype induction, and activation of Rho/ROCK signaling. Our results demonstrate the importance of the NG2 PDZ-binding motif on mesenchymal- amoeboid transition of cells in a 3D environment. Surprisingly, they show that the expression of both the NG2 cytoplasmatic domain and the truncated version, lacking the PDZ-binding motif, do not change the amount of Rho-GTP or the activation of the Rho/ROCK signaling pathway in 2D.
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Realist theories and the causes of the US invasion to Iraq
Klincová, Lucia ; Karlas, Jan (advisor) ; Rychnovská, Dagmar (referee)
The bachelor thesis called "The realist theories and the causes of the US invasion in Iraq" discusses the motivations that led the representatives of the United States of America to the decision to invade Iraq. These causes are analyzed based on the theoretical approaches of the offensive and defensive realism. We focus directly on the theories by which we create hypotheses suggestive of the possible causes which could have led the United States to this decision. Every hypothesis then takes into account the public debate of the presented causes. This thesis mainly focuses on the effort to gain the access to the Iraqi oil resources, the strengthening of the U.S. currency, the weakening of the dictatorial regime of Saddam Hussein and the tendency to eliminate the potential threats caused by the weapons of mass destruction. After defining the theories, taking into account the public debate and formulating the hypotheses, we are trying to confirm or refute them and thus highlight the real causes of the U.S. invasion of Iraq, which is the essential purpose of this bachelor thesis.
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Role fibroblastového aktivačního proteinu v růstu a invazivitě gliomových buněk
Fejfarová, Edita ; Bušek, Petr (advisor) ; Szabo, Pavol (referee)
High grade astrocytomas are very progressive brain tumors. Glioblastoma multiforme is the most frequent and the most malignant type with very infiltrative phenotype of the tumor cells. Fibroblast activation protein FAP is a predominantly membrane bound prolyl peptidase bearing exo- and endopeptidase hydrolytic activities. FAP is known to play a role in wound healing, cell migration and invasion and its expression is linked to the pathogenesis of several malignancies. mRNA expression of FAP is upregulated in 48% of glioblastomas according to The Cancer Genome Atlas microarray data. The involvement of FAP in the pathogenesis of astrocytic tumors is largely unknown. The aims of this work are to analyse the expression of FAP in primary cell cultures derived from high grade gliomas and to analyse the influence of FAP on the growth, migration and invasion of glioma cells. Our ELISA and western blot results showed heterogenous expression of FAP in the studied glioma primary cell cultures and cell lines. Both enzymatic activities characteristic of FAP were detected in the primary glioma cell culture P11 with high expression of FAP. In these cells, FAP was present not only in the typical plasma membrane localization, but also in the cytoplasm as demonstrated by immunofluorescence staining. The P11 cells...
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Invasion of Rumex alpinus in Krkonoše mountains
Naglová, Šárka ; Münzbergová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Matějček, Tomáš (referee)
The issue of plant invasion and of spreading alien species is a serious problem for all ecosystems. The problem is even bigger if the invasion takes place in the national park, or other important areas, such as the Giant Mountains. The Unique species diversity is undermined by non-native species, which often significantly suppress indigenous communities. Not always is this problem early and effectively regulated, or at best completely stoped, especially because each invasion is needed to be access individually, gather enough data and observations and determine an effective strategy to combat invasive species. There has been a lot of analysis written about the invasion of Rumex alpinus already, so my job is to summarize the results, determine whether the species distribution prediction was correct and if possibly determine the next steps in the fight against this invasive plant in the Giant Mountains. Key words: Rumex alpinus, invasion, The Giant (national park), the spread of the species
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Afghanistan in Soviet Foreign Policy
Lídl, Václav ; Horák, Slavomír (advisor) ; Litera, Bohuslav (referee)
Bachelor thesis "Afghanistan in Soviet foreign policy" deals with mutual relations of Afghanistan and the Soviet Union since their inception during the time immediately after the October Revolution until their fateful escalation in the end of 1970s. Apart from the description of these mutual relations and their importance for Soviet foreign policy, the thesis describes the context of the Afghan Crisis which represents the process of détente in the Cold War. This process is illustrated on the tempestuous development inside Afghanistan. Furthermore, the thesis compiles the causes of Soviet decision to intervene, Soviet decision making process in the frame of the Afghan Crisis and last but not least the sole description of the intervention. In the end of this Bachelor thesis there are recapitulated principal consequences of the Soviet decision to solve the situation in Afghanistan by the use of force.
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Invasive water invertebrates in Czech Republic
Kolářová, Lucie ; Tátosová, Jolana (advisor) ; Dočkalová, Kateřina (referee)
An introduction of invasive species is considered to be one of the most actual problems of these days and is also related with water environment and water invertebrates. Occurences of many non-native species has been recorded in waters of the Czech Republic and these species can be divided into two groups. Species of the first group are invasive alien species - their ecological patterns (e.g. high growing rates, high reproductive capacity or ability to transfer exotic diseases) make their spreading more successful. North-American crayfish species (Orconectes limosus and Pacifastacus leniusculus), Dreissena polymorpha or Dikerogammarus villosus are the typical representatives of this group. The spreading of these species is very remarkable, since their introduction causes many harmful effects and has negative impacts on native fauna. However, the appearance of other group of water invertebrates has been found in our waters. These are also non-indigenous species, but their spreading is very inconspicuous - they do not reach high population densities and their invasion does not cause negative impacts on native fauna and ecosystems. The evidence of these harmless invasive species has been recorded thanks to the monitoring programs and we possibly wouldn't know about them without this monitoring. The...
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The impact of herbivores on plant population dynamics: The importance for biological control of invasive plants
Šulcová, Hana ; Dostál, Petr (advisor) ; Kindlmann, Pavel (referee)
Herbivory is one of the most important relations between plants and animals. The herbivores affect plant populations not only by grazing, but also by trampling and disturbing the vegetation. Herbivores have also great potential to affect the population dynamics of particular plant species. The aim of this thesis is to evaluate the effect of herbivores on plant population dynamics and to interpret it in relation to biological control of invasive plants. When evaluating the effect of herbivores, it is necessary to keep in mind the fact that herbivores don't affect only plants but also each other through direct as well as indirect competition. The use of different herbivore species to supress the invasive plants may not necessarily be effective. The range of the effect of herbivores on plant population dynamics depends also on the environmental conditions. Habitats with infrequent disturbances and high competition levels among plants increase the effect of biological control, because high competition facilitates competitive exlusion of the target plant species. Different life-histories of plants play are also important in terms of biological control mainly the life-span and the endurance of the seed bank affect the results. Monocarpic species with short-lived seed bank can be relatively easily reduced by...
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