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Sharing of Czech Experience: Piloting SEEA-EEA in the Kyrgyz Republic
Vačkář, David ; Harmáčková, Veronika Zuzana ; Sylla, Marta ; Grammatikopoulou, Ioanna ; Whitham, Charlote ; Emmer, Adam ; Pártl, Adam
The report summarises the activities conducted within the project “Sharing of Czech Experience: Piloting SEEA-EEA in the Kyrgyz Republic”. The project was led by the Department of Human Dimensions of Global Change, Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, with support from the Czech-UNDP Trust Fund (CTF). This 6-month project worked closely with several key stakeholders in the Kyrgyz Republic including primarily: The National Statistical Committee (NSC), The State Agency for Environment Protection and Forestry (SAEPF) and the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). The aims of the project were to build capacity for experimental ecosystem accounting (SEEA EEA) in the form of three stakeholder consultation workshops and continuous project collaboration with Kyrgyz partners and experts, mapping and mobilizing available data sources for SEEA EEA, and compiling pilot experimental ecosystem accounts for the Kyzyl Unkur leshoz in collaboration with project partners in the Kyrgyz Republic.
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Methodology for assessment of urban ecosystem services in the Czech Republic
Frélichová, Jana ; Harmáčková, Veronika Zuzana ; Pártl, Adam ; Vačkář, David
The methodology was created in response to international and national commitments and strategies, which aim to preserve and improve the quality of ecosystems and ecosystem services in urban areas. The methodology provides a framework and procedures for evaluating the role of green infrastructure in cities have not yet been processed in the Czech Republic. Applying the concept of ecosystem services in the purely urban environment represents in the Czech Republic a unique and innovative approach that will contribute to more effective operations of local public policies, especially in urban planning, sustainable development of society and the environment. The methodology contributes to the implementation of the strategic commitments in the Biodiversity Strategy and Strategy for Adaptation to Climate Change in the Czech Republic.
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Potential of the sentinel-2 red edge spectral bands for estimation of eco-physiological plant parameters
Malenovský, Zbyněk ; Homolová, Lucie ; Janoutová, Růžena ; Landier, L. ; Gastelluetchegorry, J-P. ; Bertholt, B. ; Huck, A.
In this study we investigated importance of the spaceborne instrument Sentinel-2 red edge spectral bands and reconstructed red edge position (REP) for retrieval of the three eco-physiological plant parameters, leaf and canopy chlorophyll content and leaf area index (LAI), in case of maize agricultural fields and beech and spruce forest stands. Sentinel-2 spectral bands and REP of the investigated vegetation canopies were simulated in the Discrete Anisotropic Radiative Transfer (DART) model. Their potential for estimation of the plant parameters was assessed through training support vector regressions (SVR) and examining their P-vector matrices indicatingsignificance of each input. The trained SVR were then applied on Sentinel-2 simulated images and the acquired\nestimates were cross-compared with results from high spatial resolution airborne retrievals. Results showed that contribution of REP was significant for canopy chlorophyll content, but less significant for leaf chlorophyll content and insignificant for leaf area index estimations. However, the red edge spectral bands contributed strongly to the retrievals of all parameters, especially canopy and leaf chlorophyll content. Application of SVR on Sentinel-2 simulated images demonstrated, in general, an overestimation of leaf chlorophyll content and an underestimation of LAI when compared to the reciprocal airborne estimates. In the follow-up investigation, we will apply the trained SVR algorithms on real Sentinel-2 multispectral images acquired during vegetation seasons 2015 and 2016.
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Effect of high temperatures and different water regimes on selected winter wheat varieties above-ground biomass production
Hlaváčová, M. ; Klem, Karel ; Hlavinka, Petr ; Trnka, Miroslav
The aim of this study was to assess the effect of high temperatures and soil water scarcity during anthesis on the above-ground biomass allocation of the two winter wheat varieties (Bohemia and Pannonia). The six growth chambers were used to simulate heat stress conditions within following gradient of temperature maxima: 26°C (control chamber), 29, 32, 35, 38 and 41°C. The relative humidity (RH) course and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) intensity were controlled via protocols. Additionally, drought stressed (Dry) and well-watered (Wet) treatments were established within each growth chamber. The plants were removed from the growth chambers after 14 days and they were left until a full maturity, exposed to ambient weather conditions. The spike productivities of the main spikes and harvest indices (HI) of the main spikes were evaluated for particular treatments within both winter wheat varieties after harvest.
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Use of ESI index for drought monitoring and crop yield forecasting
Jurečka, František ; Anderson, M. ; Hlavinka, Petr ; Hain, C. ; Wayne, D. ; Gao, F. ; Johnson, D. M. ; Otkin, J. ; Žalud, Zdeněk ; Trnka, Miroslav
Remote sensing is already for many years used for various analysis providing limited factors for agriculture production. Drought monitoring, vegetation conditions in the fields and crop\n131 yield forecasting in context of climatic conditions of recent years seem to be crucial. Methods of remote sensing use various wavebands behaving differently under different surfaces and vegetation covers. Remote sensing use many indices for study of vegetation conditions and agriculture landscape and for forecasting yield. In this case, index ESI (Evaporative Stress Index) was used for drought monitoring and yield forecasting. Index ESI is used by ALEXI model (Atmosphere-Land Exchange Inverse model).\n
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Remote sensing as support tool for agricultural drought assessment
Hlavinka, Petr ; Semerádová, Daniela ; Balek, Jan ; Žalud, Z. ; Tadesse, T. ; Hayes, M. ; Wardlow, B. ; Trnka, Miroslav
Very important information about vegetation condition within wide areas (through continents and states) or for local areas in resolution from hundreds to tens of meters could be obtained from satellites within remote sensing. The temporal and spatial continuity is big advantage of this method. Namely so-called vegetation indices are often used for vegetation cover condition assessment. The aim of submitted study is to present possibility of using EVI2 (Enhanced Vegetation Index) for assessment of drought impact within vegetation. The results for selected years of the period 2000-2015 achieved using MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) aboard Terra satellite are included. The data in weekly time step and for the whole Czech Republic are presented.
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The agricultural drought monitoring and its users and correspondents
Bartošová, Lenka ; Trnka, Miroslav ; Semerádová, Daniela ; Hlavinka, Petr ; Štěpánek, Petr ; Zahradníček, Pavel ; Žalud, Z.
Drought monitoring in the Czech Republic is a key element in climate monitoring. The aim of this article is to describe the possible participation of agronomists, foresters and fruiterers in drought monitoring within the Integrated Drought Monitoring System. This system monitor drought occurence weekly on the base of various information (data from model SoiClim or outputs from satellite Aqua and Terra). One of the main pillar of the monitor is also information about drought impact on yields in the cooperation with especially farmers. Their expert assessment brings insight into actual situation in agricultural landscape in weekly time step. All results are free to download in www.intersucho.cz.
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Automated eddy covariance data quality control for long-term measurements
Šigut, Ladislav ; Mauder, M. ; Sedlák, Pavel ; Pavelka, Marian ; Špunda, Vladimír
Estimation of matter and energy exchange using the eddy covariance method is often organized into regional or global networks. To achieve comparability among sites, it is important to standardize and specify the methodology used. Currently, quality control (QC) is one of the most time-demanding steps in data processing within the Czech Carbon Observation System. Although manual QC (MQC) enables consideration of more complex test applications, it is often difficult to document. The aim of this study was to establish an automated QC (AQC) scheme based on available literature and post-processing software and test its effectivity and reliability on sites comprising an agroecosystem and a mature European beech forest. AQC successfully flagged low-quality CO2 fluxes and provided estimates of net ecosystem productivity similar to estimates based on MQC. The tests’ efficiency was particularly high for the agroecosystem, where AQC removed 13% less data than did MQC. We conclude that the adopted AQC displays satisfactory performance, especially for sites with low canopy heights.
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Selection of a new site for eddy covariance research in Vietnam – Vietnamese and CzechGlobe cooperation
Nguyen, Vinh Xuan ; Pavelka, Marian ; Havránková, Kateřina ; Hoang, S.N. ; Lai, Q. T. ; Dang, S. V. ; Tran, T. V. ; Ton, M. T. ; Truong, C. Q. ; Pham, N. H. ; Tran, C. T.
A montane evergreen broadleaf forest in Bidoup-Nui Ba National Park, Vietnam was selected for a future flux study based on a set of standard selection criteria applied to five protected areas in southern Vietnam. This pristine natural ecosystem within the park is important for its biodiversity conservation, supporting high levels of plant diversity and endemism and representing the Southern Annamites montane rain forests ecoregion. This paper describes general information about the site. Common foggy and calm wind periods can pose a challenge for eddy covariance measurements. Since March 2015, measurement of the horizontal wind regime at the site has begun to provide information on local prevailing wind directions and calm periods to aid in optimizing tower positioning within the site.
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