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Cardiovascular involvement in patients with Fabry disease
Jirák, Daniel ; Hájek, Milan (advisor) ; Vymazal, Josef (referee) ; Žižka, Jan (referee)
The evaluation of clinical magnetic resonance (MR) images is influenced by errors (subjective evaluation, noise, etc.). It is possible to eliminate these errors by using certain mathematical and statistical methods. One of these methods is texture analysis (TA), which can describe images quantitatively by computed texture parameters. The aim of this thesis was to analyze MR images of various subjects (phantoms, apples, calf muscles, livers) by TA and to evaluate its possible use in clinical practice. The main tasks of the thesis were: 1) to develop a new phantom suitable for TA and MR imaging that is biochemically and mechanically stable 2) to optimize an algorithm for TA parameter selection and classification 3) to apply TA in evaluating MR images. The first methodical part of the thesis deals with the optimization of texture parameter selection and texture classification. For this purpose a new type of phantom was developed. This PSAG phantom, with a nodular structure from polystyrene spheres (PS) placed into agar (AG), is suitable for MR imaging and for TA because it produces a strong MR signal and because its T1 and T2 relaxation times are in the range of biological tissue and can be easily modified by employing various densities of PS spheres or by the addition of a contrast agent. Measurements of PSAG...
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Chelating polymers for the therapy of Wilson's disease
Mattová, Jana ; Poučková, Pavla (advisor) ; Sedláková, Zdeňka (referee) ; Vávrová, Jiřina (referee)
Wilson's disease is a hereditary disorder of copper metabolism, which causes copper accumulation in organism, especially in the liver, kidneys and brain. Current treatment is based on using low-molecular weight copper chelators and high doses of zinc salts. Unfortunately, they can induce some severe side effects due to systemic action. The aim of this thesis is to improve the treatment of Wilson's disease by using of polymeric drug delivery systems. The size of polymer particles in tens of microns should provide non-resorbability of the drug after oral administration. Synthetic microparticles of poly(glycidyl methacrylate-co- ethylene dimethacrylate), natural microcrystalline cellulose and cross-linked chitosan were used as polymer matrices. N,N-di(2-pyridylmethyl)amine, triethylenetetraamine and 8-hydroxyquinoline were selected as specific copper chelators, which can complex copper cations with high efficiency. The principle of the proposed treatment is that the polymeric carrier-bound chelator complex copper directly from the food in digestive tract of the organism. Because of non-resorbability, the entire complex should be eliminated from the body together with stools. This virtually eliminates systemic side effects. The ability of adsorption of copper and the stability of polymer complex under...
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Incidence and prevalence of a disease in a district hospital over 3 years.
Matoušů, Barbora ; Střítecký, Rudolf (advisor) ; Lešetický, Ondřej (referee)
Branches of science such as epidemiology, clinical epidemiology, statistics and various statistical methods are by ground for activity of epidemiological-manager indicators. Incidence and prevalence are numbered among epidemiological-manager indicators. In condition of hospital Pelhřimov are these indicators written, analyzed and predicated for department of hospitalized in years 2005 -- 2007. At the same time is appraised use of capacities department of hospitalized, is made analyse and estimation of most often treated diagnosis and is watched progress their average time of treatment. The watching indicators are by one of series others records for manager decision-making by control of hospital.
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Venticular activation patterns in conduction abnormalities and during different pacing modes (aktivační sekvence při poruchách komorového vedení a různých typech komorové stimulace)
Peichl, Petr ; Kautzner, Josef (advisor) ; Lukl, Jan (referee) ; Kittnar, Otomar (referee)
Academic dissertation: Ventricular activation patterns in conduction abnormalities and during different pacing modes Petr Peichl, MD, Department of Cardiology, IKEM, Vídeňská 1958/9, Prague, Czech Republic 5 Congestive heart failure (CHF) is a progressive disease caused by left ventricular dysfunction with high morbidity and mortality rates. Ventricular dysfunction is often linked to ventricular dilatation, which in turn may cause ventricular conduction delays and further worsening of the cardiac function. Recent decade gave rise to cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT), a therapeutic modality based on premise that preexcitation of late activating10 regions by cardiac pacing may restore the left ventricular synchronous contraction. The goals of the publications included in the dissertation were: (1) to analyze the ventricular activation patterns in patients eligible for CRT with respect to the underlying heart disease and/or QRS morphology on the surface electrocardiogram(ECG), (2) to quantify changes in ventricular activation patterns during different pacing modes and (3) to compare15 the hemodynamic performance of different pacing modes during exercise. 1. Patients with CHF and wide QRS complex represent a broad spectrum of underlying conduction disturbances with variable inter- and intraventricular...
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Molecular genetic studies in colorectal cancer families
Vandrovcová, Jana ; Kohoutová, Milada (advisor) ; Sedláček, Zdeněk (referee) ; Brdička, Radim (referee)
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers in industrialized countries and affects men and women almost equally (1). The prognosis for a patient largely depends on the stage of the tumor at the time of diagnosis with the 5-year survival over 90% in cases where the cancer has not spread to the outer wall of the colon, but only 5% for stages where the cancer has spread outside the colon (2). CRC is a complex disease where environmental factors such as diet and lifestyle play an important role (3). Besides these factors, it has been shown that CRC occurs more frequently in certain families and a number of syndromes mainly with Mendelian dominant inheritance, which predispose to CRC development, have been described. The most common syndromes include hereditary non-polyposis CRC (HNPCC), familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) and MUTYH associated polyposis. CRC develops in a multistep manner over 10-15 years and the tumorigenic process covers a wide range of both premalignant and malignant lesions, such as hyperplastic polyps and adenomas. These lesions are well characterized both morphologically and genetically and can be easily detected and removed by colonoscopy. Even though CRC develops during a long period, carcinomas are usually recognised at advanced stages of tumor development and surgical...
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název v anglickém jazyce není uveden
Kasalová, Zdislava ; Škrha, Jan (advisor) ; Piťha, Jan (referee) ; Kittnar, Otomar (referee)
Diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolaemia and arterial hypertension are the best known risk factors of atherosclerosis- the most common macrovascular disease. The aim of our work was to asses influence of this risk factors on microcirculation. We supposed, that the smallest vessels are the most sensitive to the noxious influence and that microvascular disorder will be early indicator of vascular impairment. Our work has shown, that risk factors influence on microcirculation is completely different, in the contrast with relatively uniform influence on macrovaslular level. Diabetes mellitus presents two completely different entities, from the microvascular point of view. Pathogenesis of microvascular and macrovascular complications in Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes mellitus is the same- it is the long- term hyperglycaemia, but it's influence on microvascular reactivity is completelly different. In Type 1 diabetic patients, microvascular reactivity impairment develops later, and it is in correlation with presence and severity of the most common microvascular complication- peripheral neuropathy. On the contrary, in Type 2 diabetes mellitus microvascular reactivity impairment occures in early stage of this dissease and is not connected with presence and severity of peripheral neuropathy. In patients with...
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Diseases caused by ionizing radiation and their prevention
Hřib, Zdeněk ; Hrnčíř, Evžen (advisor)
3 SUMMARY The text summarizes some of the newest knowledge about effects of the ionizing radiation on various levels of the biological systems and recent recommendations for radiological protection. First chapter of this diploma work gives a brief definition of ionizing radiation, possible sources, summary of its interactions with matter and description of the dosimetric quantities. Second chapter focuses on biological effects of the ionizing radiation. With development of micro-beam technology, the newest research has finally confirmed the assumption of DNA as the main target cell structure for ionizing radiation damage. Apart from well known stochastic effects (cancerogenic and those, causing hereditary and chronic diseases) caused by non-lethal cell damage and organ and tissue reaction (formerly known as non-stochastic or deterministic effect, eg. acute radiation syndrome, acute local damage, chronic radiodermatitis and cataract) caused by lethal cell damage also issues like low dose threshold, in utero exposure risk and newest recommendations for weighting factors are discussed here. Last chapter is dedicated to targets and principles of radiological protection for patients, workers and other population.
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Molecular genetic and biochemical studies of selected inherited metabolic disorders, development and applications of new methods
Mušálková, Dita ; Hřebíček, Martin (advisor) ; Adam, Tomáš (referee) ; Macek, Milan (referee)
Inherited metabolic disorders (IMD) form a diverse group of several hundred different diseases with a relatively high cumulative incidence (stated up to 1:600). They are associated with accumulation of the substrates and lack of the products in specific metabolic pathways, which is caused by deficiency of the enzyme or its activator, or dysfunction of the transport protein. However, the underlying cause is at the DNA level. The grounds for different phenotype manifestation in patients with the same genotype are often not known. During my work at the Institute of Inherited Metabolic Disorders, I designed several new methods for the research of IMD and applied them in the patients and their families. I created procedures for the isolation of lysosomal membranes that are used for the research of lysosomal storage disorders and general properties of lysosomes. Next, I introduced several novel assays for determination of the X-inactivation ratio, which led to a significant increase of informative women. Nowadays, we use these methods in heterozygous women with X-linked diseases in order to study the influence of X-inactivation on the manifestation of the diseases. The cases of a girl with mucopolysaccharidosis type II, a girl with OTC deficiency and a family with the mutation in HPRT1 gene are described...
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Characteristics of artistic expression in patients suffering from psychiatric illness
BAROŠOVÁ, Petra
The bachelor thesis is about the development and characteristics in theart work of five people with psychotic illness in the period of three years. The cases were collected in the psychiatric ward at the hospital in Tábor. The thesis consists of theoretical and practical parts. The theoretical part collects information about psychotic illnesses and a description of the therapeutic approach to the mentally ill. It also describes the visual artwork characteristics of psychotic individuals, the work with them and the efforts necessary from the art therapists' side. The practical part describes each patient. Observing the individual stories, approachesused in each case, their artwork, changes and progress in their development. There is a description of approaches used in the acute stage of the disease and after stabilization, the patients features in the artwork and the arttherapists influence.
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Gluten-free diet in the training of students from hotel school and apprenticeship cook-waiter.
VRZALOVÁ, Radka
Gluten-free diet is a concept inflected in the media in recent years very often. This thesis is devoted to exploring whether and how the theme of "gluten-free diet" is put in theoretical and practical training for students and trainees of Secondary School and Higher Vocational School of Tourism (Vyšší odborné školy cestovního ruchu) in České Budějovice, subjects focused on gastronomy. The theoretical part focuses on the explanation of celiac disease, gluten-free meals, legislation dealing with the labeling of allergens (gluten). There are also discussed the eating problems of patients with gluten-free diet in restaurants and canteens. In the practical part there search has been conducted to determine how students are familiarized with this theme, what knowledge they have and whether they can use it in practice. The survey was conducted through a question naire survey, observation in the lessons and the analysis of used literature. Graphic design with commentaries was chosen to evaluate the qualitative survey questionnaires.
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