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Identification of cadavers and skeleton findings
Miko, Michal ; Konrád, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Musil, Jan (referee)
Identification of cadavers and skeletal findings Abstract "Identification" is an act of declaration of identity. The identity (particularly in today's globalized society) deservedly draws attention not only in a normal social interaction, but is also enshrined legally. Its purpose is also important in the sad events of last identification of a person - the identification of the dead. Thesis sets as a goal in a clear and comprehensible form to offer a presentment to an extremely interesting and inspiring topic of identification of the dead human body, using multidisciplinary approach with focus to criminological practice. It provides a comprehensive overview of all the components of identifying corpses, demonstrates the process of identifying, from the finding of the dead body, through autopsy, up to some practice expertise to determine its identity. To achieve this, the method of literature review using books and journals, both domestic and foreign, with subsequent synthesis of acquired knowledge and information with their critical evaluations is used. Clarity, however, is not exchanged for cursoriness and perfunctoriness in the work and therefore some topics suitable for detailed analysis (analysis of DNA, thanatology, the procedure of finding dead bodies in the terrain) are evolved in such a degree to...
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Criminalistic theory of a crime victim
Biňovec, Adam ; Musil, Jan (advisor) ; Konrád, Zdeněk (referee)
Resumé This master's thesis deals with the field of forensic study of crime victims, also known as forensic victimology. The aim of this text is to draw attention to issues of this field and to discuss crucial topics based on their practicality, incidence or tendency to be incorrectly interpreted. That includes, among others, the relationship of forensic victimology to related disciplines, especially general victimology as its foundation, their development, utility of victimological knowledge and methods in criminalist practice, status of victims in the process of crime reporting, as carriers of forensic trails, the phenomenon of victim pretending from the perspective of practice and its contrast with the media image etc. It also aims to emphasize the need for sensitive, but unemotional approach to the victims, which makes it possible to perceive them with sufficient respect; this means to see them not only as a piece of evidence, but as persons in a very complicated and difficult situation when inappropriate and/or insensitive approach may lead to a number of negative consequences, in particular, but not limited to, supporting the victim mentality and increasing the victim's risk of repeated victimization in the future. It is however also necessary to maintain proper efficiency of the relevant authority...
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Police Identification of Persons in Czechoslovakia between 1918 and 1938
Tůma, Lukáš ; Himl, Pavel (advisor) ; Rutar, Václav (referee)
This thesis is focused on police techniques of identification of persons used in Czechoslovakia between 1918 and 1938. The goal of this thesis was to show, how the police identification of persons should look like, in other words which techniques were used by criminologists, how they described them, which accomplishments and negatives they saw in them, who had to be identified and for which purpose. To answer all these questions I deal with political and administrative context of Czechoslovakia, police structure in Czechoslovakia between 1918 and 1938 and development of criminology, "bertillonage" and documents of identification (especially passports) in the first part of the text, where I mainly use secondary literature. Then I focus on analysis of three main techniques of identification used between 1918 and 1938, namely dactyloscopy, graphology and photography. In this part of the thesis, I use criminology manuals, published in the twenties and thirties. Finally, I work with the fourth technique of identification of persons, namely the description of persons, where I mainly use forms, which are in the criminology manuals. Thus, heart of this work is based on normative documents from the twenties and thirties wrote by criminalists or graphologists. Keywords Police, criminology, identification,...
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Reconstruction of a crime
Valnohová, Kateřina ; Štourač, Petr (advisor) ; Konrád, Zdeněk (referee)
Title of the dissertation: Reconstruction of a criminal offence Key words: reconstruction, criminal offence, criminology Abstract This dissertation deals with reconstruction of criminal offence, its definition, the tactics used and the relevant aspects of the criminal law. The first chapter is concerned with the term of 'crime reconstruction'and the use of the crime reconstruction, discussing the historical development of crime reconstruction together with the development of the views and opinions dealing with the crime reconstruction. The second chapter considers specific types of crime reconstruction, that is a reconstruction of criminologically significant crime locations, significant objects and significant signs of a criminal and, finally, the reconstruction of criminologically significant actions and events. The third chapter deals with the legal aspects of the reconstruction of criminal offence, specifically its embedding in the criminal law. The fourth chapter discusses the difference between the reconstruction of criminal offence and the other methods of investigation, such as the initial investigation, verification of statements on the site and the inspection of the scene of crime. The fifth chapter concentrates on the psychological aspects of carrying out the reconstruction of criminal offence....
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The methodology for investigation of theft (criminal and forensic issues)
Hanousek, Václav ; Musil, Jan (advisor) ; Herczeg, Jiří (referee)
The work deals with the most common crime in the Czech Republic - theft, with a special focus on burglary. The emphasis is put on a detailed definition of the criminal offense of the theft by the currently valid legislation while outlining the previously valid legal regulations. From the criminalistic perspective, the work focuses on the classification of individual types of theft, theft offenders, victims of the theft, the most common evidence arising from burglaries and investigative capacity in explaining the theft, with an emphasis on the crime scene investigation and an interrogation of the accused. The rigorous work is also complemented by a part containing information on prevention of theft, practical examples and data from police statistics and victim surveys.
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Methods of investigation of murders
Rozehnalová, Eliška ; Čírtková, Ludmila (advisor) ; Štourač, Petr (referee)
This diploma work deals with the methodology of investigating murders. The aim of my work was to shed a light on this issue and try to explain it from an expert point of view. The diploma is divided into three main chapters. The first one deals with juristic and criminalistic characteristics of murder and with the phenomenon of serial and mass murderers. The second part is dedicated to the most important aspects which influence the course of investigation, namely the specialties of the primary operations, search of crime premises, trace evidence, the interrogation and the role of psychology in it. The last part is trying to give a complex view on sexual murders and its suspect, various typologies of sexual murders and sexual paraphilia which occur very often. The most dangerous of them is sexual sadism and murderers who suffer from this kind of deviation are considered to be the most brutal and dangerous. In the end, this work is trying to explain the important role of psychological profiling in investigating murderers. The cooperation between the investigator and psychologist could only increase the chances of apprehending the offender.
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Crime scene inspection
Vrátná, Zuzana ; Štourač, Petr (advisor) ; Musil, Jan (referee)
Examination of s cene of crime When thinking about the topic of my diploma thesis I had quite clear idea that the topic should be from the area of crown-low or criminology, because both of them are my favourite. I have chosen the topic "Examination of scene of crime", because I think that examination of scene of crime is one of the most important processes within the criminal procedure and only with the correct and detailed examination the criminal can be convicted for perpetrated crime. The significance of examination the scene of crime I see in the fact, that it is the only way, how institutions operating in criminal procedures can get information about the relevant incident directly. The thesis is composed of five chapters, which enable us step by step understand and learn about the examination of scene of crime. The first chapter is an introduction and considers the examination as a criminalistic method. This chapter is divided into six parts. The first one explains the conception, principle and signification of examination. Second part is focused on the legal frame of examination. The third part describes types of examination. The fourth part mentions fundamentals of examination, the fifth shows the subjects of examination and the sixth part is dealing with the negative circumstances of examination....
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The influence of height above ground on colonization of carcasses by blow flies (Calliphoridae)
Mudrochová, Michaela ; Barták, Miroslav (advisor) ; Olekšáková, Tereza (referee)
The forensic entomology is a special discipline of criminology which uses knowledge about insects cycles, mainly Diptera and Coeloptera, to determine the post-mortem interval. The post-mortem interval is time from death to finding of a corpse.
In the Czech Republic, there wasn´t implemented any terraneous experiment that would prove the truth or disprove about the influence of height above ground on colonization of carcasses by blow flies (Calliphoridae). Experimental part was directly focused on that. For the experiment, there was used a building with six floors, precisely it was used balconies on the third and sixth floors and bush at the ground level in the shadow in front of the building. Meat baits which represented cadavers were on the all floors. Baits were used for colonization and breeding species of flies which were determined afterwards. Finally, obtained data were evaluated for their utilization in forensic entomology.
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Phonetics and fingerprints in criminology
Kratochvíl, David ; Doucek, Petr (advisor) ; Veber, Jaromír (referee)
In today's world biometrics are not only applied in the commercial sphere, but their technological advantages and opportunities permeate also into forensic practice. Some of them are even at such a high technological level, which can be used as the court evidence. The contribution of this work is in providing information and evaluation procedure for the extraction, identification or reliability of the tracks for forensic application. This work responds to the question of how to proceed in processing tracks and what can be read from it. After an introduction dealing with identity in general, the work follows in second part with two selected biometrics, which are analyze and evaluate from technological and forensic aspects.
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