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The issue of biotic attack of ETICS
Těžká, Adéla ; Žák,, Antonín (referee) ; Žižková, Nikol (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with the issue of biotic attack of ETICS contact insulation systems. The theoretical part is focused on the individual components of ETICS, both from the point of view of materials and from the point of view of individual steps. In addition, there are organisms that cause biotic attack on facades. The practical part deals with the possibilities of testing the resistance of the surface treatment of ETICS against biotic attack, both in laboratory conditions and in the exterior.
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Floristicko-ekologická studie oblasti Bystřicka se zaměřením na ekologii zelených volvokálních řas
HNÁTEK, David
Since 1889 twenty-two different species of colonial algae from the order Volvocales have been found in the Czech Republic according to the available algological literature. In this work the morphology and ecology of these species is described in detail. Besides investigating the literature resources, I performed my own floristic research of twenty ponds near Bystřice u Benešova. Phytoplankton samples from these ponds were taken in spring, summer, and autumn of years 2014 and 2015 using phytoplankton net and at the same time the environmental characteristics such as pH, conductivity, water transparency, temperature, and degree of shading were measured. Cyanobacteria and algae in the samples were identified to the lowest possible taxonomic level and their relative abundance was assessed. The differences in species composition between ponds and between seasons were compared using basic statistical methods and relationship between environmental factors and species composition was studied.
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Production of lipids and lipid-soluble compounds by some yeasts and algae
Šimanský, Samuel ; Rapta, Marek (referee) ; Márová, Ivana (advisor)
The submitted bachelor thesis focuses on production of lipids and lipid-soluble compounds by selected strains of carotenogenic yeasts, autotrophic algae and cyanobacteria. Different forms of stress were applied on selected strains and its influence was subsequently compared. The theoretical part deals with the processing of knowledge about selected strains of yeast, algae and cyanobacteria. There are also mentioned the selected metabolites (lipids, carotenoids, ergosterol, ubiquinone and chlorophyll) and the possibilities of their determination. The experimental part deals primarily with the influence of nutritional stress on the production of selected metabolites and the yeast biomass, namely their growth properties on waste fat. Furthermore, there was monitored the effect of elevated and reduced temperature on the cultivation of yeasts, algae and cyanobacteria. Osmotic stress experiments were also carried out by the addition of NaCl. As the most suitable strain for decomposition of the waste fat was selected Sporidiobolus pararoseus, particularly because of its high content of carotenoids, ergosterols and ubiquinone in biomass. Changes in temperature, or increased osmotic pressure had in the most cases a negative effect on biomass production.
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Use of algae extracts in cosmetics
Plášková, Anna ; Rapta, Marek (referee) ; Márová, Ivana (advisor)
This thesis is focused on a preparation of extracts from selected species of algal and cyanobacterial strains, their characterization, a cytotoxicity testing and a use in cosmetic products. The theoretical part contains the review of a taxonomic classification and parameters of algae and cyanobacteria and basic information about used organisms. There is a description of the most significant factors influencing the algae cultivation and production of biomass. Further, active substances of algae and cyanobacteria, which could be used in cosmetic products as UV protective substances, were described. An overview of extraction techniques, encapsulation of active substance into liposomes and particles characterization, antioxidant activity analysis, and cytotoxicity tests is given too. In experimental part, antioxidant activity of algal extracts and chlorophyll a and carotenoid content were determined spectrophotometrically. The long-term stability of extracts was monitored for three weeks. Liposomes were prepared by sonification and encapsulation activity was analysed. The Dynamic Light Scattering method (DLS) was used for analysis of polydispersity and size of liposomes. Colloid stability of particles was determined by zeta potential. Cytotoxicity tests were performed using MTT assay. The prepared extracts, particles and lyophilized biomass of algal and cyanobacterial strain were further used as active substances in the formulation of cosmetic products (type o/w). These creams were tested on human skin.
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Fungal parasites as a factor affecting the dynamics of microalgal communities
Rosa, Jan ; Šťastný, Jan (advisor) ; Pichrtová, Martina (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with fungal parasites which are an important factor that affects the dynamics of microalgal communities. Here I sum up the knowledge of parasites especially from Oomycota and Chytridiomycota along with a little focus on other groups. The basic characteristics of these fungal parasites, such as their host specificity and factors that affect their spreading ability between algal hosts, are summarized. The abiotic factors such as light and temperature, which are the most important factors causing epidemic, are mainly discussed. The fungal parasites can change the maximal population size and are able to alter the competitive relationships in microalgal communities. These factors are discussed in individual algal groups. The fungal parasites could be a negative economic player of the bioindustry and their future role in this industry is also discussed. Key words: parasite, host, host specificity, communities dynamics, algae, fungi, phytoplankton
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Raman spectrometry of pigments of cyanobacteria, algae and lichens in the astrobiology context
Kovács, Michal ; Jehlička, Jan (advisor) ; Osterrothová, Kateřina (referee)
This work deals with the possibility of Raman spectroscopical identification of selected biomarkers of extremophile species. It focuses mainly on selected cyanobacteria, algae and lichens with an emphasis on the ability to detect carotenoids. These pigments exhibit three characteristic bands of Raman spectra which represent stretching vibrations C=C; C-C and bending vibration C-CH3 in molecules of carotenoids. Raman spectra were measured not only by laboratory microspectrometers (λ - 514 nm and 532 nm), but also by portable and handheld spectrometers (λ - 532 nm, 785 nm and 700 - 1100 nm). In the case of cyanobacteria, the spectroscopical analysis was performed also on the fractions obtained by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). This work critically evaluates the possibilities of Raman spectroscopy to identify the carotenoids of cyanobacteria, algae and lichens. Besides the signal of carotenoids, interpretation of other bands in the Raman spectra corresponding to the presence of other biomarkers is given here for selected samples. The obtained Raman spectra of carotenoids should be interpreted with great caution, because of the ifluence of several factors, which potentially cause unsystematic shifts in the positions of Raman bands (carotenoids bond in biological tissue, interactions with...
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Use of autotrophic algae to production of biomass and some metabolites
Chrástová, Nikola ; Kostovová, Iveta (referee) ; Márová, Ivana (advisor)
Chlorophyll and carotenoids are natural pigments and antioxidants. These pigments are suitable for use in the pharmaceutical, cosmetics or food industries. Lipids are another major metabolite of algae and are a potential feedstock for biofuel production. This bachelor thesis deals with the cultivation of selected genera of autotrophic algae, subsequent isolation of these selected metabolites and their application. The theoretical part focuses on the description of the algae, the metabolites produced, the cultivation and the chosen methods. The experimental part deals with the optimization of the cultivation of algae of the genera Chlorella, Chlamydomonas and Desmodesmus, depending on the chosen medium and intensity of illumination, determination and quantification of algal biomass. Further, extraction of lipidic and carotenoid substances and determination by HPLC and GC was performed. In the overall comparison, the best producer of biomass is the algal genus Desmodesmus and the highest production of pigments and lipid substances was reached in algae of the genus Chlamydomonas.
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Multicultural aspects at teachers work
Sedláčková, Magdaléna ; Tvrzová, Ivana (advisor) ; Burešová, Karolína (referee)
and key words Annotation in Czech This thesis deals with multicultural aspects in teachers' work. In addition, the survey provides a certain historical context related to the education of minorities in the Czech Republic before 1989, and describes the current situation in the area of multicultural education in our country. It examines how teachers should be equipped to deal with situations linked to multicultural education and what teaching methods teachers use to motivate pupils. In the practical part, it shows examples of several lessons in which teachers work with broad topics of multicultural education. It also contains an overview of several case studies based on experience. The work should contribute to a greater discussion of the subject. Key words in Czech Multicultural education, multiculturalism, nation, ethnicity, racism, assimilation, minorities, race, xenophobia, culture, globalization, segregation, personality, personality of teacher, competence, intercultural competence, diversity, trans-cultural approach, cultural-standard approach, identity, intercultural psychology, intercultural sensitivity, integration, activating methods in teaching, learning.
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Climate change and related species shift in algal and cyanobacterial communities.
Kosová, Alena ; Němcová, Yvonne (advisor) ; Pichrtová, Martina (referee)
Therefore, species are expected to move towards the poles in response to shifting climate ones. This warming trend also includes the establishment of tropical algae in temperate systems of the Northern Hemisphere. Numerous tropical and subtropical species of microalgae have been reported in the last decades in the continental waters of Europe. The aims of the Bachelor thesis are to summarize articles concerning changes in diversity and dynamics focused on algae and blue-green algae in temperate water bodies. Several hypotheses about the origin, modes of distribution and the ability of microorganisms to overcome stressful condition during the transportation are also discussed in this work.
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Morphological strategies of photoautotrophic protists under various environmental conditions.
Ševčíková, Tereza ; Kulichová, Jana (advisor) ; Pichrtová, Martina (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to provide a comprehensive overview of morphological adaptation of photoautotrophic protists to various environmental conditions and to describe the influence of their shape and size for different life strategies. Thesis summarizes overview of the main factors affecting the natural mikroalgal community and shows their relevance for life of photoautotrophic protists. These factors include availability of nutrients, pH, temperature, penetration of light and predation. Next part focuses on different methodological approaches and attitudes, how to investigate, measure and explain morphological features.
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