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Determination of heavy metals in soils and sediments in the region Revúce
Kováč, Lukáš ; Vávrová, Milada (referee) ; Doležalová Weissmannová, Helena (advisor)
This thesis aims to assess the extent of contamination of soil and sediment with risk metals in Jelšava. The main polluter of the environment in this area is the magnetize factory. Sampling of soils and sediments were made in three seasons. Sampling times were staggered to represent different seasons and to take into account the impact of the seasons on the obtained values of the concentrations in soil and sediment. Sampling sites were selected according according to the different distances from the factory and according to the different loading of roads. In each of the collected samples were determined concentrations of the elements copper, lead, zinc, nickel, manganese, mercury, cadmium and vanadium. Copper, lead, zinc, nickel and manganese were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrometry with atomization in a flame (F AAS), cadmium and vanadium were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry with electrothermal atomization (ET AAS). For the determination of mercury was used mercury analyzer (AMA).
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Assessment of soils and sediments contamination by heavy metals in the region Jihlava river
Marek, Milan ; Adamec, Vladimír (referee) ; Doležalová Weissmannová, Helena (advisor)
This diploma thesis deals with a potential contamination of hazardous metals of soil and sediments. The metals cadmium, copper, lead and mercury were chosen, their specification, limited concentration and methods of determination are also described in thesis. City Jihlava and its surroundings were chosen for evaluating pollution of the soil and sediments in this area. In collected samples of the soil and sediments presence of copper, cadmium, lead and mercury were detected via atomic absorption spectrometry (F-AAS, ET-AAS, AMA 254). The metal pollution of soils and sediments by hazardous elements in Jihlava River and in Jihlava region was evaluated.
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Distribution of organochlorine pesticides into the environment
Plačková, Lucie ; Stoupalová, Michaela (referee) ; Vávrová, Milada (advisor)
The master’s thesis was focused on the determination of persistent organic pollutants, namely polychlorinated biphenyls were detected (PCB 28, 52, 101, 118, 138, 153 and 180) and organochlorine pesticides. A total of 31 were evaluated contamination of organochlorine compounds. The level of contamination by organic pollutants were detected in 20 samples, 9 samples were sediments from the river Jevišovka, which is located in the South Moravia and 11 samples represented arable soil samples and were collected in the vicinity of this river. In the theoretical part are characterized both groups of substances, their fate in the environment and negative effects on living organisms. The experimental part focuses on the sampling procedures and processing for analysis by gas chromatography. There is described a complex analytical process involving the three extraction methods (accelerated solvent extraction, microwave extraction and ultrasonic extraction), extract purification and self-determination by gas chromatography with electron capture detector (GC / ECD). In the samples of sediment were detected these PCB congeners (138, 153 and 180) and organochlorine pesticides (b-HCH, HCB, p,p’-DDE, p,p’-DDD, p,p’-DDT and o,p’-DDT).. In soil samples were detected PCB congener 28 and organochlorine pesticides (HCB, b-HCH, heptachlor, aldrin, dieldrin, p,p’-DDE, p,p’-DDD, p,p’-DDT and o,p’-DDT).
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Toxic metals in water and sediments of Brno water reservoir
Bořek, Tomáš ; Čelechovská, Olga (referee) ; Dočekalová, Hana (advisor)
Diploma thesis deals with usage of the diffusive gradients in thin films technique (DGT) for the determination of labile metal species in the surface water and sediments of Brno water reservoir. Sediment and water samples were collected on the selected sides of Brno water reservoir on September and October 2008. The DGT technique was used for determination of depth profiles of Fe, Mn, Pb, Cd, Zn, Cu, Ni and Al. The DGT probes with three different thicknesses of diffusive layer were applied into the sediment samples. The obtained results gave the information about release of metals from solid phase into the pore water of sediment. The concentrations of Fe, Mn, Pb and Cd in sediments were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry after microwave decomposition. The DGT technique was used also for determination of Fe, Mn, Pb and Cd in surface water from Brno water reservoir.
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Contamination of soil and sediment by hazardous metals
Pidima, Tomáš ; Komendová, Renata (referee) ; Doležalová Weissmannová, Helena (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with soil and sediments from the environmental perspective. For selected heavy metals – cadmium, lead and mercury are given information about their occurrence, characteristics and potential sources of environmental contamination. It is also mentioned legislation dealing with the topic. The limit concentrations in soil and sediments, determination methodology and principles of the most commonly used instrumental analytical methods for these elements are described.
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Determination of eutrophication potential of particles in rivers and waterbody sediments
JAN, Jiří
Extraction solutions were assessed to find the most appropriate method for characterisation of particles in the context of release or uptake phosphorus in non-calcareous regions. Advantages and limitations of methods for determination of different phosphorus (P) forms and its important binding components iron and aluminium (hydr)oxides, were pointed out. Characterisations of these forms, that show highly different behaviour under changing environmental conditions, were used for the assessment of particles saturation with respect to P. Sorption/desorption behaviour of soil particles susceptible to erosion and their content of plant available P was tested. Strong correlation, which is dependent on P saturation ratio, was used to propose a method for the determination of soil erosion impact to supply dissolved P in stream waters of variable dissolved P concentration.
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What can we say about sediments, evaluation of reservoir sediments and their link to eutrophication
Jan, Jiří ; Borovec, Jakub ; Hubáček, Tomáš
This work is focused on a detailed sediment evaluation and potential sediment impact on the eutrophication of reservoirs. Two methods for this purpose are presented: i) fractionation for sediment particles characterization and ii) an application of gel minipeepers (DET probes) for sediment pore water sampling. By combining these methods we are able to determine the potential of P release from selected sediment. Examples of using/nthis approach on various sediment types are given to highlight the importance of determining not only the concentrations of total P in the sediment, but also, especially, the following: i) P concentrations in different forms, ii) concentrations of main binding partners for P in noncalcareous sediments – Fe and Al (hydr)oxides, iii) concentrations of dissolved P and Fe in sediment pore water, iv) concentrations of ions influencing redox/nconditions (NO3-) both in the water above the sediment and especially in the sediment pore water.
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Influence of cage fish farming on water quality in the eutrophic Nechranice Reservoir
Hejzlar, Josef ; Borovec, Jakub ; Zahrádka, V. ; Rosendorf, P.
Influence of cage fish farming on water quality in the eutrophic Nechranice Reservoir was assessed through its contribution to the balance of eutrophication-effective forms of phosphorus (PO4-P) entering the reservoir and through measuring impacts on sediment around farming cages. The study showed that although the contribution of cage fish farming is relatively small (max. in tenths to a few percents of the total PO4-P load) its effect on water quality can not be neglected, because it causes direct pollution and, under certain hydrologic and climatic situations contributes significantly to the eutrophication and to critical deterioration of water quality for recreation and bathing. On the other hand, it is indisputable that the main source of eutrophication of Nechranice Reservoir are discharges of municipal wastewater in the catchment.
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