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Health and social care for cancer patients in university hospital Pilsen
RATHOVÁ, Lucie
The bachelor thesis focuses on the health and social problem of oncologically ill patients in Plzeň university hospital. The thesis is divided into a theoretical and an empiric part. The theoretical part of the thesis is focused on the occurence of oncological illnesses and gender distribution. Further on, the theoretical part describes some of the examination methods, the causes of oncological illness origin and subsequently it deals with the social influence on the patient who is oncologically ill and under palliative care. In the last section of the theoretical part health and social services provided by the University Hospital in Plzeň for oncologically ill patients are described. The goal of the practical part was to describe the problem of oncologically ill patients in the Plzeň University Hospital from a multidisciplinary care point of view. To gain information I used the methodics of a qualitative research. Semi-structured interviews were used as a tool for the research. Semi-structured intervews were carried out with ten patients who were getting treatment in the Plzeň University Hospital. Research questions were the following. How do patients in the oncological department perceive the care provided? What problem within multidisciplinary care do patients perceive as the most serious one? The result of the thesis is the finding that patients in Plzeň University Hospital are satisfied with health care, with the treatment as well as the behaviour of caretaking staff. The most serious problem they perceive within the provision of multidisciplinary care is the fact that they have not met any social worker or psychologist. Services of these two members of a multidisciplinary team have not even been offered to them. Many patients have told me that they were missing this kind of help, they were left to solve all problems by themselves.
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Nursing care of intravenous ports in oncology
BICEROVÁ, Věra
Port brings the patients added comfort during the medication, it also makes the work for the nurses easier and save them the time. This bachelor's work concerns issues of port treatment at the department of oncology. There is more and more patients with the ports that is why a treatment of them belongs to basic skills which should the nurses of the department of oncology have. In the first theoretical part of this bachelor's work is branch of oncology defined. The second part concerns venous entry. The third part is focused on the ports and their specifics. In a significant part of the work were inquired knowledge of the nurses in the area of port treatment. There were also compared differences between ambulatory and inaptient ward and laso was monitored measure of awareness of patients in the area of port treatment. Research aggregate was composed by five nurses from the inpatient ward, five nurses from the outpatient's department and three patients. With help of structured talk was accomplished a qualitative research. To the data processing was used a method of open encoding. Information was put into the particular categories. By the questioning were answered all the research questions. Nurses showed that they have sufficient knowledge of port treatment.They are interested in further education and some new experiences. Methods of port treatment are both in outpatient's department and inpatient ward almost the same. From the research follows concerning port implant that patients have got the feeling that they do not have enough information. In the area of treatment is the situation considerably better and the patients have got sufficient knowledge. In view of the fact that existing standard of port treatment at the department has not been updated for a time, a new "standard of port treatment" is performance of my bachelor's work (Annex 4).
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Alternative methods of therapy for oncology patients
BĚLOHLAVÁ, Nikola
Breast carcinoma or breast cancer is one of women?s most often diagnosed tumors in the Czech republic. Several types of scientific treatment are currently available nevertheless it is a very serious disease. It is understandable that women suffering from breast cancer and all cancer patients and their relatives expend considerable effort to obtain information about all types of available treatments which can reverse the unfavorable diagnosis. Very often they resort to some form of alternative therapy. Alternative medicine provides a large choice of methods. But the problem is, that positive effects of alternative therapies are not checked (14). Oncological diseases are very serious, therefore alternative therapies pose a risk to oncology patients when they replace scientific treatments as an alternative. The aim of this thesis is to determine the opinion of women with breast cancer on alternative therapies. The component aims of this work are to find out what the women know about the risks and types of alternative therapy methods in oncology, how women?s point of view on this kind of therapy changes, how these methods affected their life and which of this methods are the most popular with women with breast carcinoma. I deal with the biological and psychosocial aspects of breast cancer in the theoretical part of this thesis and then classical and alternative therapies of treatment which can be used during the treatment. The question of the disease of breast cancer is a very individual sphere. It is assumed that information of intimate character will be used. I considered it suitable for this purpose to use a qualitative form of research. I chose the technique of semi-structured interviews. I prepared a list of instructive questions and then added additional questions as required. The respondants to the interviews I recruited using the technique snowball. I found the contacts through a woman who I know very well. The interviews with the women were processed in the form of case studies, I prepared 7 case studies. 11 women were asked but 4 women refused to participate. I divided the women into 3 categories according to their opinion of the alternative therapies of treatment for their disease. Common factor was that non of the women t disturbed or neglected the prescribed plan of treatment provided by a team of specialists. Two of the women momentarily wanted to finish the classical prescribed treatment. The largest part of respondents was favorably inclined toward the alternative methods of treatment. Two women stated that they are sure that the alternative methods were successful. Two respondents said that they have a positive opinion on this treatment, but they are not sure of the positive effect of alternative therapies. Three other respondents had the opposite opinion on the alternative therapies in oncology. One of these women said that her bad opinion of alternative therapies was caused the terrible experience her friend had with alternative medicine. Almost all respondents used one of the alternative methods during their disease despite the fact that most women do not believe in the positive effects. Two women were not aware of the use of any kind of this therapy. The most commonly used methods were food supplements. The minority part of women (2) used biotronics, homeopathy and acupuncture.
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Nursing of children on a transplant unit
HERKUCZOVÁ, Lenka
Oncological disease is very stressful and worrying for everyone. In the second half of 20th century, tumor disease became the second most frequent cause of death of children and young adults. They bring a major intervention to the child´s life, to the life of his or her family and to the lives of people close to the child. The research was proceeded on transplant unit and standard unit in Children´s Cancer Hospital. The objective of the thesis was to find out the specifics of the care on the transplant unit and based on obtained results determine actions that could make the care for children in the transplant unit more pleasant and improve the quality of the care. The objectives were fulfiled. Based on the research four hypothesis were formed.
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Specifical nutritional requirements of oncological patients
KRAUSOVÁ, Lada
Nourishment in oncological patients is a very complicated problem. Up to half of the patients experience a lack of appetite that borders to food aversion which is often followed by an almost immediate sense of fullness after first few bites. Furthermore, some of the treatments themselves may lead to nausea, diarrhea and problems with swallowing. Malnutrition, consequently, will often worsen the prognosis for patient with a malignant tumor; lower his susceptibility to oncological treatment and increase the probability of further complications. A complete clinical picture of malnutrition, called cachexia, is characterized by noticeable gauntness, loss of both musculature and subcutaneous fat. Studies show that 30% to 90% of oncological patients suffer from malnutrition. Also, a continuous weight loss considerably lowers the quality of life, and this must not be overlooked for nutrition should not only lead to a prolonged survival, but also to an appropriate life-quality. The aim of this study was to find out how nutritive registry is kept at oncological wards in selected hospitals in the Czech Republic. Further, to find out if nurses are familiar with the causes of malnutrition in oncology patients and have sufficient knowledge of the specific nutritional principals. The hypotheses set were {--} 1) at the selected oncological wards nutritive registry is used, 2) the nurses there do know about causes of malnutrition while 3) nurses in other wards do not have this knowledge. 4) Nurses know about the necessary nutritional principals in oncology patients. Quantitative approach was used for this research. The questioning method was to collect data by distributing questionnaires. The results show that at oncology wards but at other, non-oncological wards as well, nutritive registry is used, and furthermore, a position of nutritional therapist has been appointed and nutritional staff established. The first hypothesis has been proven to be correct. The second and fourth hypotheses are correct as nurses do know the causes of malnutrition in oncology patients and have the knowledge of the necessary nutritional principals. The third hypothesis presumed that nurses from non-oncological wards lack this knowledge and has consequently been proven wrong. These nurses are indeed knowledgeable of the nutritional problems. In practice, a stressed necessity of nurses{\crq} efficient knowledge of the nutritional problem for patients with malnutrition and cachexia at both oncological and non-oncological wards is recommended, together with the introduction and observance of nursing standards concerning the nutritional problems of oncology patients, proper information given to the patients relating their special diet as a consequence of the illness and its subsequent treatment, and finally, a multidisciplinary approach and collaboration (nutritional staff).
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Psycho-social supporting care for oncologically diseased persons
PAPEŽOVÁ, Šárka
The Bachelor work deals with areas of supporting care in oncology. The aim of this work is to draw attention to the importance of psycho-social care as an integral part of complex care for oncologically diseased persons. The theoretic part contains characteristics of the influence of an oncological disease to the life quality of the ill person and his/her closed ones. It describes the process of the hard disease?s acceptance and overcoming the typical obstacles in various stages of the illness. At the same time it presents an outline of an oncological patient?s needs including the need of spiritual care. The theoretic-practical part is devoted to definition of the term supporting care. It surveys, whom psycho-social supporting care in the Czech Republic is provided to and in which health care institutes, hospitals and patients? organisations patients can find it. At the same time it pursues clarification of the term psycho-oncology and outlines the rise and development of psycho-oncology in the Czech Republic. The research part deals with the issue of psycho-social supporting care offer and demand. It also offers a view at the experiences of an oncological patient, the founder of the association Amelie o. s. This association offers psycho-social support and care to oncologically diseased persons and their closed ones.
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Specifics of nursing care of a child patiens with oncological pain.
ČAŇKOVÁ, Helena
The topic of the thesis is: Specifics of nursing care of a child patient with oncologic pain. Children{\crq}s pain is a phenomenon surrounded by many myths and false information. It is also not sufficiently assessed and treated and often bagatelized by both nurses and doctors. Nurses play irreplaceable role in pain treatment, they are with the child patient more frequently then the doctor and are in close touch with the child{\crq}s parents. The care of a suffering child is a serious task in nursing. Treatment of a patient in pains requires a complex, holistic approach. Nurses, even if they diagnose pain properly, do not set an adequate nursing care plan and do not carry it out. Nurses have to defend interests of the sick child and must not let him/her suffer. The data was obtained by quantitative and qualitative research. The quantitative research was carried out by the technique of anonymous questionnaire. The questionnaire was made for the parents of children with oncologic disease. The qualitative research was carried out by the technique of semi-structured in-depth interview. The research sample consisted of nurses working at the Department of children{\crq}s oncology One of the aims of this thesis was to outline the problems in nursing care of a child patient with oncologic pain from the point of view of the parents. We observed if the parents had been informed about their child{\crq}s pain, if they know what symptoms they should watch in their child, if they know all the aspects of pain to be assessed and treatment methods to relieve the pain and also how nurses respond to their child{\crq}s pain. For this aim, a following hypothesis has been set forth: The parents of children patients with oncologic pain are educated about the possibilities of nursing care focused on relieving the pain. This hypothesis was confirmed by statistic testing. Another aim of this thesis was to find out the specifics of nursing care of a child patient with oncologic pain. Nurses think that the specifics of nursing care of a child patient with oncologic pain are not different from any other care of a child in pains. They just state that an oncologic disease is associated with pains caused by the disease itself or by diagnostic or therapeutic procedures. Therefore they consider a specific feature the fact that the pain is observed more intensively and the staff is more precise in relieving the pain. It is obvious from the research that it would be effective for both parties, both for the nurses and the parents, to use educational materials on pain intended for them. I suppose that if there were such materials available, the parents would not need to contact nurses repeatedly. There was also a positive finding in the research that 92.5% of parents stated that nurses respond to children{\crq}s pain within 10 minutes. Further, that nurses believe that the child has pains, which was stated by 98.2% of the parents.
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Comparison of paliative care by clients in hospice establishment and oncology department
KADLECOVÁ, Ivana
Comparison of palliative care for patients in a hospice and at an oncology ward This thesis was focused on the various aspects of palliative care for oncological patients. Palliative care and its principles have been defined and it seems crucial to apply these principles not only in hospices but also at hospital wards where there are patients indicated for palliative care. The objective of this thesis was to find out whether the care provided to hospice clients and to dying patients at hospital oncological wards corresponds to the methods and procedures defined for palliative care and to find out whether there are any significant differences between the nursing care provided to the dying in a hospice and the dying at an oncology hospital ward. Four survey questions were formulated and the question dealt with maintaining palliative care standards, differences in providing palliative nursing care for the dying at the individual institutions, whether the dying clients{\crq} needs are answered in a holistic and humane way, and the nurses{\crq} approach to the dying at the individual institutions. The carried out research is a qualitative one. The research part {--} data collection {--} was carried out in the form of uncontrolled interviews with selected members of nursing teams in a hospice and at an oncology ward. Observations and case reports were used in case of several patients in at the individual institutions. The research was carried out in St Stephen Hospice in Litoměřice and at the oncology ward of an undisclosed health care institution by which information was provided in exchange for absolute anonymity. The research part resulted in the finding that the palliative care provided in the hospice corresponds to the methods and procedures defined for palliative care. There are efforts at the oncology ward to provide as perfect care for their dying patients as possible but this care does not correspond to the methods and procedures defined for palliative care. There are problems in providing palliative care especially in inadequate spatial conditions, equipment, shortages, high workloads, and strictly specialized focus of the personnel and these clients need very individual care that cannot be frequently provided under everyday operating conditions at a standard ward that concentrates primarily on curative care. The results of this thesis will be provided to those who may be interested in the various aspects of palliative care.
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