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The use of flue gas for the biomass gasification
Švácha, Filip ; Milčák, Pavel (referee) ; Baláš, Marek (advisor)
The aim of this thesis is to describe the process of biomass gasification using gas simulating the composition of flue gas – a mixture of oxygen, carbon dioxide and water vapor. In the research part of the thesis the issue of gasification with the focus on fluidized bed gasification and the effect of the gasification medium used on the gasification process is discussed. In the practical part the thesis deals with the design, realization and evaluation of the experiment on a real device. The aim of the experiment is to determine the effect of the exact composition of the mixture of these three media on the gasification process and on the quality of the gas generated. The aim is to find the optimum composition for obtaining gas with the highest possible lower heating value, which contains as little tar as possible. At the end of the work, the results from the experiment are presented and described.
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Purification of Flue Gas by Means of Membranes.
Bobák, M. ; Žitková, Andrea ; Vejražka, Jiří ; Červenka, Vojtěch ; Maršálek, J. ; Izák, Pavel
The aim of this work is to test our new patented method of water condensing membrane for flue gas purification. Moreover, our objective is also to compare our unique separation method with polymeric membranes being nowadays developed primarily for carbon capture (CC). Nevertheless, these membranes and whole CC technology have also solve the problem of the other pollutants like SO2, NOx and HX. We would like to find out whether the new separation method could be as efficient as the current polymeric membranes represented by the results of several academic investigations and pilot tests performed by membrane producers. It seems that it would be very advantageous and reasonable to develop the process combining efficient SO2, NOx, HX removal and water recovery but not necessarily with CO2 removal as CC will be possible only on sites where it could be further processed. Thus, there could be also a demand for the efficient technology without CC to be combined with current flue gas purification systems especially on smaller scales.
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Calculation of pressure losses of flue gas ducts using mathematical modeling
Suchý, Václav ; Skála, Zdeněk (referee) ; Pospíšil, Jiří (advisor)
This diploma thesis deals with the calculation of pressure losses in the flue gas ducts. First part of this work describes properties of flue gas and flow dynamics. Part of the theoretical analysis was detailed study of pipeline elements with emphasis on the reasons for the existence of pressure loss in the flow, calculations of the resistance coefficients and possible methods of reducing the losses. In the practical part, a model of the pressure loss calculation of the existing flue gas line installed in the incineration plant was created. At the end of the thesis a proposal for optimization of this route was made with emphasis on the reduction of the overall pressure loss. By optimization the pressure drop of the specified route was reduced from 3581 Pa to 2647 Pa, i.e by 26% and the required power input of the fan was reduced from 225 kW to 166,5 kW.
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Design of heat recovery steam generator with two pressure levels
Zaidullina, Liliia ; Křemínský, Pavel (referee) ; Baláš, Marek (advisor)
This Master’s thesis focuses on the design of vertical heat recovery steam generators. This work focuses on three main objectives. The first objective is to describe the heat recovery steam generators, there basic principle and construction. The second focal objective is thermal calculation, design of heat tranfer surfaces and choice of materials. The third objective was to calculate the boiler loss, hydraulic calculation and subsequent design of the drum dimensions.
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Mercury Removal from Waste Incineration Flue Gas: Heterogeneous Oxidation and Capture by Waste-Derived Fly Ashes.
Rumayor, Marta ; Pohořelý, Michael ; Šyc, Michal ; Svoboda, Karel ; Švehla, Jaroslav
During waste incineration, all Hg-content is released primarily as elemental mercury (Hg0) which passes into the flue gas and is gradually oxidized. Mainly HgCl2 is formed, by both homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions. Some degree of Hg removal is achieved by existing conventional air pollution control devices (APCDs), normally used to control NOx, SO2, and dust emissions. In this study, three samples of fly ashes from boiler and ESP (characterized by composition, surface area and carbon content) derived from MSW incineration were assessed for mercury removal under MSW incineration conditions in a laboratory scale, using a fixed-bed reactor packed with fly ash. The results obtained showed that unburnt carbon content, composition of flue gas (e.g. mainly HCl and SO2 content) and operating temperature are important variables controlling capture of mercury by fly ash.
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Draft boilers for co-firing blast furnace gas and coke oven gas
Machara, Radek ; Křemínský, Pavel (referee) ; Baláš, Marek (advisor)
The diploma thesis deals with design of gas steam boiler with given parameters of steam. Blast furnace and coke oven gas are used as fuel. At the beginning of this work, both co-fired fuels are presented to us, their chemical analysis and stoichiometry are performed. The main part of the diploma thesis deals with the dimensioning of individual heat exchange surfaces such as steam superheaters, evaporators, economizers and air heaters. All heat exchange surfaces meet recommended parameters such as recommended steam rates, flue gas, etc. At the end, the total heat balance of the boiler is performed. Part of the work is also drawing documentation showing the main dimensions of the boiler. It is also indicated the connection of individual heat exchange surfaces.
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Gas Boiler for Local Natural Gas Combustion
Kozák, Ondřej ; Hudeček, Mirko (referee) ; Skála, Zdeněk (advisor)
This Master´s thesis deals with a thermal calculation and dimensional design of steam boiler for natural gas combustion with respect to the high efficiency of the boiler. It includes stoichiometric calculation and calculation of technical specifications of the boiler. Dimensions of combustion chamber are proposed. The crucial part of this thesis includes thermal calculation of designed heat-exchanging surfaces. The heat balance of the whole boiler is made to verify the results.
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