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City Sound Environment
Coufalová, Jana ; VOJTĚCHOVSKÝ, Miloš (advisor) ; GUŠTAR, Milan (referee)
This bachelor thesis about sound background of the city analyses the relationship between sound, surrounding and its inhabitants. It focuses mainly on sound (audio) abilities in context of surrounding and the tradition of sonosphere.
In the second part of this thesis the sound map of Prague is created. It offers an alternative way of perceiving and discovering a city through listening.
The purpose of this thesis is to offer residents of the city another point of view of the environment they live in. To encourage them to listen attentively in order to connect public and private space.
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Canine Sensory Perception
Němečková, Markéta ; Sedmíková, Markéta (advisor) ; Chmelíková, Eva (referee)
My Bachelor Thesis Summarizes The Findings of The Current Scientific Literature about The Following: The Sensory Perception of Dogs, The Anatomical Structures that Provide Sensorry Perception as Well as The Mechanisms for Transferring Stimuli from The Outside Environment via Receptors and Sensory Organs to The Central Nervous System.
It Analyses Dog's Senses, Specifically Sight, Taste, Smell, Hearing and Balance, Eyesight and Part also Deals with The Issue of Pain. It Presents The Individual Differences Senses the Dog from Other Mammals, Including Mankind and Shortly Using Dog's senses for People.
The Conclusion is Devoted Primarily to The Ranking of Each Dog According to Relevance for Dog's Orientation in Everyday Life and also for The Use of Sensory Dog with Man.
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Diseases of the eye and ear in dogs
Plocová, Markéta ; Fiala Šebková, Naděžda (advisor) ; Chmelíková, Eva (referee)
The work deals with the description of selected diseases of the eye and ear. In order to better understand the different diseases and disorders caused by them, there is first described the anatomy and physiology of the competent organs of vision and hearing, and the location of their centers in the brain. Some breeds, due to their anatomical and genetic foundation have predisposition to certain diseases or disorders. Selected diseases of vision and hearing are described in view of anatomical and physiological eventually. Part of the description of diseases is also an overview of the clinical signs and symptoms. Some of selected diseases are genetic and can be inherited from generation to generation. For these heritable diseases are mentioned the possible candidate genes and their localization. Next I explain the congenital diseases that may occur during prenatal or postnatal development. For each disease I present the table with breeds where the disease occurs.
Eye diseases mentioned in this work are largely genetic in origin, so there is described in detail the genetic basis of the disease with a potential name of the candidate gene, the mutation and its localization. I deal with the diseases of the Primary Lens Luxation (PLL), Canine Multifocal Retinopathy (CMR), Multifocal Retinal Dysplasia (MRD), Collie Eye Anomaly (CEA), Dry eye syndrome and curly hair (CKCSID), Glaucoma, Progressive Retinal Atrophy (PRA) . For these hereditary diseases, it is important for breeders to eliminate their occurrence with the consistent breeding work.
The most common diseases of the ear are called otities, ie. ear infections. These infections can lead to damage and finally to the complete loss of hearing. As a separate chapter I mention hearing disorder in Dalmatians, which is associated to the coat color. Next I deal with the neurological symptoms of ear disease, complication associated with total canal ablation and bulla osteotomy, pathological changes in congenital ear disorder MPS (Mucopolysaccharidosis), disorders of the inner ear and the vestibular system.
Finally, it should be noted that thanks to the latest findings of diseases, they are better described and it is achieved better recognition of diseases and their causes, but their prevention is dependent on the origin of the disease. For diseases obtained it is important for the dogs to ensure the welfare conditions, while for hereditary diseases it is necessary the negative selection in the respective breeding of the affected breed.
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Effect of noise pollution on selected species of cetaceans
Burgerová, Anna ; Petrtýl, Miloslav (advisor) ; Kuříková, Pavlína (referee)
Sound in water tends to travel much faster than in air. Cetaceans started to use the hearing system as a tool for their communication and so this system must have been adapted during the evolution. Every species form his specific sound repertoire which is used mainly for food finding, detection of predator or other hazards, communication and reproduction.
Ocean ambient noise is created by natural sources of sound and man-made sounds (also called as anthropogenic sounds). Natural sounds are produced by marine organisms and processes like earthquakes, rainfall and so on. Anthropogenic sounds are made by man either intentionally or unintentionally and these sounds mostly disrupt the oceanic environment. Sound frequency and intensity level are the main factors when we determine the intensity of distortion in communication of Cetaceans. The most detrimental sounds are those with low frequency (from 10 to 500 Hz) and long-ranged propagation (hundreds of kilometers). Into this category we can include shipping and seismic surveys. In general, the most of anthropogenic sources of noise belong to this category. Other sources of anthropogenic noise are industrial activities, military sonar and acoustic deterrent and harassment devices (ADDs/AHDs).
Responses of Cetaceans to anthropogenic noise can be divided into three categories: physiological, behavioral and acoustic. The physiological reaction can be increasing metabolism, increasing baseline concentration of glucocorticoids in the blood and ultimately reducing immunity. Behavioral responses include changes in heading patterns and swim speed, changes in diving and breathing. Also included are social activities like food finding or nursing. Every change in vocalization represents acoustic responses.
With growing number of studies which prove a negative influence of anthropogenic noise on Cetaceans there is an increasing need to introduce effective measures which could reduce or limit this negative influence. For this purpose there are established marine protected areas and safety zones which avoid exposure to loud noise (circa 120 dB and more) thanks to their regulations. As well there was developed a technology to modify the ship equipment and the using of an air bubble curtain in the immediate area of the industrial activity shows efficiency in acoustic attenuation.
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Active noise cancellation
Bulva, Ondřej ; Sekora, Jiří (referee) ; Balogh, Jaroslav (advisor)
This project deals with problems of active noise cancellation. The first part focuses on the understanding of the anatomy and physiology of the human hearing. Furthermore, the understanding of the basic principles of acoustics, distribution of sound, and his generating. The important part is introduction to the issue of noise in the environment. The second part is dedicated to device design. The aim of this work was to design and construct device for active noise cancellation. Designed and assembled were two versions of the device for active noise cancellation. The problems associated with achieving the perfect noise cancellation is analyzed at the end of the work in detail together with the results of active noise canceling each version of the device.
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Sound processing for cochlear implant
Kratochvíl, Tomáš ; Odstrčilík, Jan (referee) ; Harabiš, Vratislav (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with signal processing for cochlear implant. The main task is to study basic anatomy and physiology of human hearing system, describe principles of cochlear implants and to study LabVIEW sound processing capabilities, especialy hu-man speech analyse. Second part of this thesis is about design and implementation of simulation of cochlear implant in LabVIEW.
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Influence of exostoses on ear sound transfer function
Vališová, Šárka ; Švancara, Pavel (referee) ; Pellant, Karel (advisor)
Exostoses are surface periosteophyte inside the external auditory canal of the human ear. The main objective of the diploma thesis is to determine the potencial impact of the narrowing of external auditory canal by exostoses on the mechanical sound transmission into the internal ear. The task was solved by FEM modelling in the ANSYS system. The simple finite element 2D model of the normal human ear was used and it has been taken from the diploma thesis B Ouali: Development of 2D finite element model of human ear (BUT Brno, 2009). At the model, including the external ear canal, elastic eardrum, otitis cavity with otitis ossicles and the cavity of the internal ear with internal ear partition, the alterations simulating different size of narrowing a and different positionig of exostoses were done. The influence of the exostoses on the sound transfer characteristics for air sound transmission and for bone sound transmission was discused. The results were analysed and compared with audiology.
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Pure tone audiometry
Maršálková, Leona ; Harabiš, Vratislav (referee) ; Chmelař, Milan (advisor)
The presented master’s thesis deals with the acoustics, specifically with the selected characteristics of the sound. It focuses on the anatomy of the auditory system and its function. The work describes the testing approaches for an evaluation of the auditory organ function and introduces modern methods used for the hearing tests, especially pure tone audiometry. A part of the thesis is dedicated to a concept of an audiometer for pure tone audiometry, which is presented in a detailed block diagram along with a description of its working components. Included chapters describe the partial circuits of the audiometer supplemented by the calcuations of its individual elements. The concluding part of the thesis deals with the evaluation of the device’s functionality.
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