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The effect of menstrual cycle phases on muscle tone
Paurová, Aneta ; Šifta, Petr (advisor) ; Nováková, Pavlína (referee)
Title: The effect of menstrual cycle phases on muscle tone Goals and methods: The aim of this thesis is to prove the effect of menstrual cycle phases and participating hormons on the viscoelastic properties of the sceletal calf muscle via the non-invasive myotonometer device. The research part of this thesis is a pilot study in which participated seven female probands aged inbetween 24 to 28. Each proband participated in four weekly tests. Only probands who had not used hormonal contraception for at least six months were selected. Results: The results of the tests are represented in graphs picturing parts of curves representing the force caused by the tip of the myotonometer. The muscle soleus tension is changing throughout the menstrual cycle but its impossible to eliminate other endogenous and exogenous factors. The measured relative values of muscle tension are different for each proband. The menstrual phase has the highest average value of muscle tension. However, it is not possible to make a generally valid conclusion. Key words: Menstrual cycle, menstrual phase, muscle tone, calf muscle, biomechanical properties, myotonometry, contraception 5
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Mate choice unter the influence of hormonal contraception: impact on partnership stability and quality
Londinová, Markéta ; Klapilová, Kateřina (advisor) ; Konečná, Martina (referee)
Previous studies have pointed out an interesting fact: the use of hormonal contraceptives modifies the partner preferences of women towards men more feminine and genetically less compatible. This master thesis first tried to experimentally verify whether these different preferences are reflected in real mate choice outside the context of the laboratory. It includes two studies comparing partner satisfaction and relationship dynamics in couples that have been formed under the influence of pills versus under the influence of the natural menstrual cycle. Study 1 includes 3116 mothers and was conducted through an online questionnaire. The second study collected representative data from 1605 Czech men and women aged 35 to 65 years representing the population of the CZ also through a hand-to- hand questionnaire. Study 1 confirmed the assumption in several ways: hormonal contraception users (during the mate choice) assessed their partners as less attractive and masculine compared with women who naturally cycled at that time. We also found their sexual satisfaction was reduced, however, they were more satisfied with non-sexual aspects of the relationship. In contrast to established hypotheses Study 1 found that the partnerships formed under the influence of hormonal contraceptives separated significantly...
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Association of nonverbal behavior and menstrual cycle
Kučerová, Radka ; Havlíček, Jan (advisor) ; Lindová, Jitka (referee)
In previous years, researches have found significant increase of the female attractiveness around the time of ovulation. Among changes, that have been identified, were for example changes in olfactory, vocal, facial and body attractivenes. However, it has not been examined so far, whether this perception is also reflected in non-verbal expressions of women and men interacting with women. We also examined if attractiveness of men influences women nonverbal behavior depending on menstrual cycle phase. The study used a speed-dating paradigm (each person meets several people of the opposite sex for 3 minutes) and interactions were videotaped. We analyzed 391 videotapes of 92 men interacting with women who were in the follicular (187 interactions) or luteal (204 interactions) cycle phase and 391 videotapes of 34 women (18 in the follicual and 16 in luteal cycle phase). We recorded specific behavioural acts and states and these behavioural components loaded into two factors: (i) expressions of interest and (ii) expressions of disinterest. We found no significant differences in overall score of interest or disinterest in relation to the women's menstrual cycle. However, men communicating with women in the fertile phase spoke significantly longer than those communicating with women in the luteal phase of the cycle...
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Changes in preferences for heterozygosity in MHC genes across the menstrual cycle
Ptáčková, Kateřina ; Havlíček, Jan (advisor) ; Janotová, Kateřina (referee)
5 Abstract Products of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) plays key role in immune system of vertebrates. Prior studies on different vertebrate species show, that heterozygosity in MHC genes is linked to more efficient immune system and preferred in mate choice. Results of human studies are ambivalent, which can be due to the effect of some modulating factors like reproductive status. Therefore, our aim was to test heterozygosity related preferences in faces, odor and voice across menstrual cycle. Our sample consisted of 51 men and 52 women, from which 23 used hormonal contraception and 29 had natural cycle. They were genotyped in -A, -B and -DR alleles. All odor stimuli, face photos and voice records were rated on seven-point scale in both follicular and luteal phase. Repeated measures ANOVA was used for the analysis. Changes in ratings across the menstrual cycle and heterozygosity were most discernible on voice ratings. Voices of homozygous males were rated more attractive than voices of heterozygous males especially in follicular phase. Similar shift to higher ratings in follicular phase was manifested in ratings of homozygous male faces, but the difference between homozygous males and heterozygous males was not significant. Women with natural cycle also rated voices higher in their follicular phase...
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Influencig painful menstruation with the help of physiotherapy
VACKOVÁ, Zuzana
This bachelor thesis deals with how physiotherapy can influence a painful menstruation. The aim of this thesis is to describe how women can utilise physiotherapeutic methods, which can be practised at home, while experiencing difficulties with a painful menstruation. Another aim was to determine how these methods influence muscles of the pelvic floor. Research question is focused on subjective perception of this therapy by women. Although the aim of this thesis is to describe physiotherapeutic methods applicable even at home, I also decided to include methods of physical therapy which cannot be practised without specialised equipment. There are a lot of methods in the field of physiotherapy which can somehow influence and mitigate pain during menstruation, and a lot of other methods can be found in other fields of medicine. Due to a limited extent of my thesis, I wasn't able to focus on all approaches, only on the most used. All therapeutic procedures, which women would like to include in their life, should be consulted with a professional who shall explain an outcome of this therapy, who shall show them how to use this therapy properly and who shall point out errors which should be avoided. A part of my thesis also focuses on methods that aren't closely connected with physiotherapy, but which can nicely add to it. For my research part of my thesis, three young women with a long-term menstrual pain have been selected. At the beginning of my research, they were all using hormonal contraception. Detailed anamnestic data were collected from a direct and a semi-structured interview. During the first meeting, a kinesiological analysis was created, probands were examined and therapy started. After that, an exercise unit was checked and errors were corrected. At each therapy, interviews were conducted with probands and they were asked if some exercises hadn't been too difficult and if they hadn't caused them pain. For a therapy of this group of women, a set of exercises was selected, which contained some elements from a method of Ludmila Mojžíšová, dynamic neuromuscular stabilization and spiral dynamics. During the research, probands P1 a P3 reacted fairly well to the selected therapy. Considerable remission of difficulties and also general contentment during regular appointments were apparent. A noticeable progress wasn't, however, experienced by a proband P2. This fact was mainly due to her stress experienced in her school. Even with this very small sample of women, it is possible to register an influence of therapy on a peace of mind, therefore, it is imperative that physical and mental aspects of this therapy are not separated.
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Physiotherapy of pelvic floor and its effect on menstrual problems in women
ŠTĚPÁNOVÁ, Kristina
The topic of my bachelor's work deals with issue of physiotherapy of pelvic floor and it's influence on menstrual difficulties among women. The main goal of this work is to describe possibilities of physiotherapeutical methods of exercising for pelvic floor among women with dysmenorhea. Partial goal is to create an educational leaflet for needs of these women. In order to make the probands feel better a periodic exercising was implemented. It contained special exercises focused on the right activation of the muscles of the pelvic floor. The theoretical part of the bachelor's work is focused on the anatomical relations and the function of the area of pelvis and pelvic floor. Furthermore it defines dysfuncions of pelvic floor. After that comes the definition of menstural cycle and it's hormonal indicators and list of malfunctions of menstrual cycle. In the last chapter of the theoretical part is covered a part which presents selected physiotherapeutical paradigms and supportive medical methods used for dysmenorhea. For preparation of the practical part was used the method of qualitative research.Three probands suffering from dysmenorhea and various symptoms of premenstruall syndorme were studied. The research group was between 24 - 30 years of age. The anamnesis of probands were made, the initial kineziological analyses were made and after the end of the therapy the final kineziological analyses were made. The founded data and the results of research have been worked into. For each of the probands was made an individual plan of rehabilitation by their diagnostics. Therapy took time from 20 weeks sice the first of January 2015 till May 2015. At the beginning the therapy was made once a week and in next day it was once in 14 days in duration of 45 minutes per exercise. 15 therapies should be made with each of probands. The research can be found helpful for probands, because the positive effects of the therapy were seen at each of them. The problems of dysmenorhea have became better, also the pain of locomotive system have been reduced, the patients condition have improved and the psychological problems have been reduced. Last but not least almost all the probands have stopped using analgesics in the context of dysmenorhea. This bachelor's work can be used for physiotherapeutical purposes not only for women suffering from dysmenorhea but even for women suffering from premenstrual syndrome. It can also be useful for students of physiotherapy and physiotherapists in clinical practice for comprehensive orientation in specified area and it also can be used as an information booklet for specialists and laymen.
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Stabilization of knee joint in Female football players while respecting their menstrual cycle without the use of hormonal contraceptives
VOCEDÁLKOVÁ, Simona
The issue of the knee joint and its structures is nowadays in the field of sport very current. It has to do with the increasing demands that are placed on the muscular and ligamentous apparatus. The knee joint is a complex functional unit, which consists of many bones and intraarticular services. Tibia, femur and among themselves to create articulation femorotibiall and femoropatellar. Both of these joints form one jointknee anatomy. In connection with its specific structure allows this complex anatomical element of two seemingly incompatible features-stability and mobility. The stable position of the knee from the energy point of view, it is economical. On both of the functions involved in dynamic and static stabilizers. The first group consists of the active support and is represented by the muscles. The second group provides passive support joint and this includes ligaments, menisci, joint capsule, and the shape of the joint surfaces. In the women's football are the most traumatized by the lower limb especially the ankles and knees. According to Engebretsena and Steffena (2006) make up 26% of all knee injuries in women's football. In the world of football is more than men's soccer players to injury knee ligament-mainly anterior cruciate ligament. 70% of this ligament is injured uncontact mechanism. In the LCA is the receptor of sex hormones-estrogen and progesterone. These hormones have a direct effect on the structure of the LCA. The menstrual cycle (MC) is increeasing laxity of the knee joint during ovulation and the luteal phase (15. day of the MC-the end of the MC). In this period, the female knee is the most susceptible to injury. This thesis deals with the issue of just the knee joint in the world of football. It also discusses the regular fluctuations in endogenous female hormones and their effects on the ligament laxity . The theoretical part is focused on football, the differences between women and men and predilection places in the women's football injuries. Special chapter then describes the specifics of the female knee. The end of the theoretical part is devoted to the physiology of the menstrual cycle, the female sex hormones and their effects on ligaments. The main task of this work was to build a specific system of exercises for the world of football. The SSC is focused mainly on strengthening muscles involved in the movement in the knee joint and to stabilise this joint. The SSC should serve as a complement to the classical training and was included in the training units for a period of two months. Another aim was to compare the effectiveness of SSC groups A and B. Members of the group A trained in the different phases of the menstrual cycle for exercise, which should positively affect the stability of the knee joint in relation to increased or decreased ligament laxity, due to the action of female hormones. The group B then didn´t take account of the MC physiology. In the practical part of the thesis was used the method of qualitative research. Four players in one of the South Bohemian football team were examined. Research file is moved between the ages of 19 to 26 years of age. The girls did not use hormonal contraception at the time of reserch. For the refinement of the input and output of measurement results, I investigated the players between 5.-6. on the day of their MC with the opening two months. Objectification of the results I achieved by using four specific tests. One of these tests was to score one of the Functional movement screen. Input rating in the FMS range 22-25 points. When the output rating rose to 27-30 points. My work is probably the first of this focus. Its contribution could be a reduction in the number of injuries of the knee joint in the world of football. I consider the work of the information material for trainers, implementation teams and the female football players. In the future, can become a catalyst for further research into the issue.
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