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Nesting biology and ecology of selected sphecid wasps species (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae, Crabronidae)
Srba, Miroslav ; Vilímová, Jitka (advisor) ; Bogusch, Petr (referee)
Aim of presented work is to characterize and compare nesting biology and ecological requirements of five species of solitary wasps (Hymenoptera: Apoidea). Four species of family Sphecidae: Ammophila heydeni Dahlbom 1845, A. pubescens Curtis 1829, A. sabulosa (Linnaeus 1758), Sphex funerarius Gussakovskij 1934) and one representative of family Crabronidae (Bembix tarsata Latreile 1809) are treated here. Field observations were performed at spoil banks originated by coal mining by Most, Northwestern Bohemia. Obtained data bring exact parameters characterizing nesting habitats of studied species. Included are data on soil granulometry and penetrability, slope angle and vegetation cover. Significant difference between Ammophila species group and Bembix tarsata together with Shex funerarius was identified. Bembix tarsata and especially Sphex funerarius require softer soils and have broader valence in slope of nesting site sompared to Ammophila spp. Orientation of skew surface was almost south which has influence on microclimate of inhabited site microclimate. Biotic parameters such as cleptoparasite abundance were also tested. Three species of parasitic species Diptera: Sarcophagidae have been detected: Hilarella hilarella (Zettersedt, 1844), H. stictica (Meigen, 1824) a Metopia argyrocephala (Meigen, 1824)....
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Host specificity of pathogens of water fleas of the genus Daphnia
Ružarovská, Jana ; Petrusek, Adam (advisor) ; Vávra, Jiří (referee)
Water fleas of the genus Daphnia are infected by a wide range of parasites with different host range. These parasites are mainly representatives of bacteria, protozoa (group Ichtyosporea), yeasts, microsporidia and oomycetes. Host specificity of these parasites is very different. We can find there those, who infect only one host species, but also those, who infect a lot of host species (also hosts of different subphylums). Antagonistic coevolution is the major driving force for evolution of the parasite-host system. Parasites create on their host negative frequency-dependent selection, that cause a lot of phenomenons such as clonal/isolate specificity of both antagonists, maintenance of genetic polymorphism, decreasing virulence etc. A special group of organisms are epibionts, that live on the surface of their holder. Their specialization manifests as preference of a substrate. This thesis summarizes a current knowledge on the host specificity of chosen parasites of the genus Daphnia and also includes what is known about their life cycles. Key words: Host specificity, specialization, generalist, Daphnia, microsporidia, complex life cycle, epibiont.
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Genetic conflicts and speciation
Kropáčková, Lucie ; Munclinger, Pavel (referee) ; Reifová, Radka (advisor)
In this thesis I'll examine the role of genetic conflicts in the origin of new species. Genetic conflicts can lead to an origin of reproductive barrier between the emerging species, especially postzygotic reproductive isolation. An example of such conflict could be meiotic drive on sex chromosomes, which distort sex ratio and seems to act a role in a hybrid male sterility. Another example may be genomic imprinting causing an abnormal placenta and embryo development in interspecies hybrids. Coevolution between cytoplasmic and nuclear genes can cause sterility of pollen in hybrids from plants. Similarly, the intracellular bacterium Wolbachia induces cytoplasmic incompatibility in animals. Mobilization of transposons may also lead to hybrid dysgenesis.
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Optimalization of somatic presumptions for artistic gymnastics
Růžička, Martin ; Krištofič, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Marek, Jaroslav (referee)
The Name of The Thesis: Optimalization of physical preconditions m Artistic Gymnastics The Objectvive of The Thesis: To analyse and evaluate data obtained by testing of individua! physical parametrs of men's and juniors' members of The Czech Republic national team relating to demands ofArtistic Gymnastics. Method: We use modification of Sheldon's Method by Carter and Heath to set up the somatotype. Individua! measured values of gymnasts and their diffusion are represented in one somatograph. Each measured item is compared with general population in graph. Values of juniors are compared with values gained from official materials of FIG. We use Matiegka's method to determine the percentage ofindividual physical tissues Results: Graphs containing results represent valuable information for coaches of men's artistic gymnastics in relation to the choice of talented individuals and to the optimalization ofphysical preconditions. Key words: Artistic Gymnastics, Somatotype, body constitution, rnen, juniors. 3
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Hymenopteran parasitoids (Hymenoptera: "Parasitica") and their impact on hosts species behaviour
Stiblík, Petr ; Janšta, Petr (advisor) ; Bogusch, Petr (referee)
Recently, many scientists have been focused on parasite or parasitoid host's manipulation. They don't describe only the changes in host behavior, but they even search for physiological background. Lots of papers dealing with hymenopteran parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Parasitica) host's manipulation have been published. The most studied are strongly adapted and host specific parasitoids, koinobionts. They developed very sophisticated mechanisms to manipulate their hosts for their own benefit. These parasitic wasps are not only very diverse group of the insect, but they even developed various ways to manipulate the hosts and their physiology. Sometimes the parasitoids use their hosts like a "food's vehicle", sometimes they manipulate just rates of some metabolites or suppress host's immune reaction. If the wasp's life-cycle is successful, the host does not develope to the adult's stage and is often consumed by the parasitoid larve.
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Wind resource assessment for selected sites in the territory of the Czech Republic
Hanslian, David
This set of studies analyses the wind conditions and expected wind power production at selected sites in the Czech Republic. At first, the calculation of wind conditions by VAS/WAsP 1, VAS/WAsP 2 and PIAP models is performed. Based on the comparison and analysis of model results, the generalized wind climate pertaining to the assessed site is estimated. The final results are calculated by WAsP model using this generalized wind climate. The expected wind power production of proposed wind turbine or wind farm is calculated as well as the map of simulated average wind speed and potential wind turbine production over the surrounding area. The uncertainty analysis is performed as well. This set consists of 6 partial reports.
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Biology of solitary bees of various families (Hymenoptera: Apoidea). A comarative study.
Žáková, Zdislava ; Straka, Jakub (advisor) ; Bogusch, Petr (referee)
The diploma thesis deals nesting behavior of the solitary bees Colletidae, Megachilidae, Mellitidae, Halictidae. The bees were monitored in their natural environment in the years 2009 - 2010. Course of their daily activities, number of nests per female, lenght of stay in the nest, length of life, active days and other species characteristics were monitored. By comparing the different nesting behavior patterns of the monitored species were found and pointed out the ones that are common and the unique ones. A nest uzurpation occurred (at all colonies) regardless the species. The (research) literature does not adress the issue of nest uzurpation in detail. Key words: nesting behavior, uzurpation, agression, bees, Hymenoptera
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