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Polyethylene wear particles around joint replacements - their properties, distribution and possible mechanism of their adverse biological effects
Zolotarevová, Eva
This PhD thesis in essence rounds off the range of queries asked several years ago when the task was set by Doc. RNDr. Zdenek Horak, PhD. The original isolation procedure for polyethylene wear particles, identification of some of their physico-chemical properties and manipulation accordingly has been successful in the process of this thesis accomplishment. It became possible to quantify the particles at relative as well as absolute scale. The thesis managed to disprove the published opinion that centrifugation can affect the morphology of isolated particles. The issue of distribution of polyethylene wear particles around hip endoprothesis has been solved at two levels: "macroscopically", the distribution of wear particles in zones around endoprosthesis was showed (this thesis does not include these data). Furthermore, at the "microscopic" level, the distribution of wear particles in granuloma tissue from the zones surrounding endoprostheses with most particles has been determined. The granuloma tissue formed in zones with most particles because of that. It was observed that the common term - osteoagressive granuloma - used by orthopedist is rather misguided. Granuloma is not aggressive to bone tissue. On the contrary, the granuloma formation reduces the effective amount of wear particles with...
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Polyethylene wear particles around joint replacements - their properties, distribution and possible mechanism of their adverse biological effects
Zolotarevová, Eva ; Gallo, Jiří (advisor) ; Rauch, Pavel (referee) ; Horák, Zdeněk (referee)
CHARLES UNIVERSITY IN PRAGUE FACULTY OF SCIENCE DEPARTMENT OF BIOCHEMISTRY PRAGUE 2010 Supervisor: Doc. MUDr. Jiří Gallo, PhD. Supervisor-consultant: Prof. RNDr. Gustav Entlicher, CSc. Eva Zolotarevová Summary of PhD Thesis POLYETHYLENE WEAR PARTICLES AROUND TOTAL JOINT REPLACEMENTS - THEIR PROPERTIES, DISTRIBUTION AND POSSIBLE MECHANISM OF THEIR ADVERSE BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS PRAGUE 2010 The research project was supported by the Grant project of National research program II. (no. 2B06096) of the Czech Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports named "Observation and minimization of UHMWPE wear in joint replacements". Front-page picture: Polyethylene wear particle isolated from granuloma tissue surrounding total hip replacement; Electron microscope microphotograph; particle size app. 90 x 80 µm; retouched Eva Zolotarevová Introduction Introduction For many people all over the world a replacement with an implant of irreversibly damaged joint is often the only way how to come back to normal life without pain and mobility limitation. Nowadays, greater and greater requirements are asked of quality of all replacement components, especially in terms of quality of used materials. Biomechanical properties of hip and knee replacements have been already solved. The most often used materials for manufacturing joint...
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Non-contrast MRI perfusion imaging
Kruml, Ondřej ; Jiřík, Radovan (referee) ; Krátká, Lucie (advisor)
This bachelor paper is focused on the magnetic resonance perfusion imaging technic without the usage of an external contrast media. This paper contains a look at the basic functional principle of the magnetic resonance. The focus is then set set on the Arterial Spin Labeling (ASL) technic. The basic principle of ASL uses protons from the water mocelules in arterial blood as an endogenous contrast agent. This technic can be used for obtaining a perfusion map of any tissue without the usage of invasiont echnics or contrast agents. The quantification of perusion was done applying the FAIR-RARE scheme, which belongs to the large family pulsed ASL.
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Classification of marked cells migration in tissue
Solař, Jan ; Skopalík, Josef (referee) ; Čmiel, Vratislav (advisor)
This diploma thesis deals with analysing of modern methods for cell detection, visualization and quantification in 3D space. The first section deals with optical methods for cells detection. There is detailed discussion about cell labeling and detection on confocal microscopy. There is also description about developed algorithm for whole cell volume quantification from microscopy images. This could made a comparsion of fluorescence signal according to time of cell labeling and according to cell shapes. There was also optimalization of handmade tissue phantoms visualization. It could be compared a possibilities of cell detections in these phantoms by confocal microscopy and OCT. It was also implemented algorithm for quantification of cells from OCT images. Besides confocal microscopy and OCT cells are also analyzed by other methods. The last part is the Conclusion of results and comparison of used methods.
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Quantification of basic and special nursing care on ICV (Intensive care unit)
VEBEROVÁ, Nikola
The topic of the Bachelor Thesis is ?Quantification method of basic and special nursing care at an anaesthetic/resuscitation department?. Resuscitation and intensive care provides treatment to patients threatened or affected by failure of basic life functions and ensures their inevitable support or temporary substitution. In most cases this is a reversible state. These patients fully depend on health care staff that provides complex nursing care. The basic nursing care requires general skills and specific ability to recognize urgent clinical situations and respond to them properly. According to the Maslow?s hierarchy of needs these are physiological needs and safety needs. Specialized nursing care ensures diagnostic, therapeutic and monitoring procedures. The extent of the nursing care depends on the patient?s clinical condition. The thesis consists of a theoretical part and a research part. The theoretical part deals with development of the field of anaesthesiology and resuscitation from the very beginning in antiquity to the present, its organizational structure and the nursing care provided at an anaesthesiology/resuscitation department. The ?Therapeutic Intervention Scoring System? (TISS) method was used in the research, which is connected with the ?Nursing Care Quantification Method? elaborated by PhDr. Karla Pochylá and Ing. Otakar Pochylý. The research examination was performed by qualitative and quantitative methods. Data collection method, namely observation, was used as the qualitative method. The research sample consisted of 7 respondents whose respiration insufficiency was the main reason for resuscitation care involving artificial lung ventilation. The activities of the basic nursing care (not related to TISS scores) and the activities of special nursing care (related to TISS scores) were determined by the quantitative method. Time measurements of these activities were performed, and average values and standard deviations were determined from them. The aim of the work was to determine the average time demand of basic nursing care as well as the average time demand of special nursing care. The research shows that the basic care not related to the TISS method has a large proportion in working hours and insufficient remuneration of nurses. The contribution of the obtained results for the practice is in updating of the average time demand of the basic and special nursing care in the conditions of the present nursing care at an anaesthetic/resuscitation department. The basic care has proven to be more time consuming than special care. However we should also mention that these results were obtained from a relatively small sample of patients, which is why such measurements should be performed on a larger group of patients to gain more precise results. As the measured values depend on patient?s current condition as well as on his/her additional health problems (obesity, renal insufficiency, bronchial asthma etc) determination of the average time demand of the individual procedures on model groups of patients would be appropriate. Inspiration by the system elaborated in neighbouring Germany would also contribute to improvement of basic and special care quality. It is able to respond flexibly both, to patient?s clinical condition and to the caring staff needs, thanks to continuous everyday analysis of nursing care time demand.
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