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Vortex dynamics of a suddenly arrested cylinder
Chára, Zdeněk ; Kysela, Bohuš
Results from an experimental study of the flow generated by a cylinder immersed in fluid, suddenly arrested or impacting normally without rebound on a solid wall, are presented. The trajectory of both the wake vortices, as well as the secondary vortices induced as the original wake convects over the arrested cylinder were investigated.
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Secondary minerals origined on burning coal waste piles in selected coal basins in the Czech Republic
Martinec, Petr ; Klika, Z.
In this paper the existence of coal waste pile have been divided into various stages. Four of these stages (A, B, C and D) belong to stage of coal waste pile heating. Whereas stage A run at the ambient low temperature the stage D run at very high temperature (above 900°C). The fifth stage E follows cooling period and sixth stage F interaction of coal waste pile with injected material that is added to burning coal waste pile in order to decrease its temperature. Each stage is characterized by various condition at which new secondary minerals are formed. Some of them are typical just for related stages of coal waste pile existence.
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Collective administration of copyright and neighbouring and relating rights
Pujman, Martin ; Wünschová Pujmanová, Alexandra (advisor) ; Žikovská, Petra (referee)
63 9. Resumé - Collective management of author's and neighboring rights Key words: collective management; author's rights This thesis is focused on phenomen of collective administration of authors' and neighboring rights. Collective way of administration of intellectual property is a traditional method how the right holders can collect the royalties in order to be rewarded and how the right holders can be able to enforce their rights. Some advantages derived from Collective administration can also bring a benefit even to common users. Collective administration organisations are non-profit civic associations, which are controlled by bodies of state authority. This allows such associations to secure second but not secondary purposes of collective management, which are seen in their cultural and social function. With constant developement of information technologies, new possibilities how to percept conception of collective administration of authors' rights occur, especially through the so called digital rights management technology. The goal of this thesis is to describe basic institutes of collective management of author's rights, designate new challenges in the area of collective administration of author's rights and try answer the question of efficiency and benefits of collective way of administration of...
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Social issue of illegal employment of foreigners in the Czech Republic
SKOKOVÁ, Eva
Foreigners and their employers violate the legislation in the Czech Republic in connection with illegal stay and illegal employment. The objective of this thesis is to analyze how this violation occurs. The theoretical part of the thesis analysed, through the method of a secondary data analysis, the laws and documents relating to the issue of foreigners? stay and employment. The research part of this thesis is focused on employment checks carried out by labour offices, the Alien Police and the customs administration in 2009. Processing this thesis part involved the method of data analysis and the method of questioning when the data from the staff of these institutions was acquired through the technique of structured interviews. After evaluating the research results, the hypothesis of the thesis was confirmed; the hypothesis stated that the number of illegally employed foreigners has increased after the Czech Republic joined the Schengen area countries. This thesis may serve as a learning aid for customs officers who will be entrusted with checks of foreigners? employment. For this reason, the research part of the thesis detailed checks of foreigners? employment as carried out by customs authorities.
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Paving the way for France's reintegration into NATO's military structures
Matějková, Barbora ; Ulík, Karel (advisor) ; Perottino, Michel (referee)
The bachelor's thesis "Paving the way for France's reintegration into NATO's military structures" explores the causes of the France's re-entry to the integrated military structure of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization in 2009. The thesis considers three major reasons leading to this decision: change of the global security environment, position of France in NATO and construction of the Common Security and Defense Policy of the European Union. The thesis attempts to explain how the development in these three fields influenced France's relations with NATO and in what way they contributed to the final decision to reintegrate into NATO's military structures. By analyzing primary sources and secondary literature, the author examines development in these fields in the period between 1995 and 2009. The thesis is divided into four sections: the first chapter briefly deals with the nature of French foreign policy and French relations with NATO before 1995; the next three chapters cover the particular fields that influenced the relations between France and NATO that is the global security environment, French position in NATO and construction of autonomous European defense. The author concludes that three facts contributed to the decision on the reintegration into NATO's military structures: (1) due to the...
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The Role of Secondary Electron Emission in Dust Grain Charging
Richterová, Ivana ; Němeček, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Stöckel, Jan (referee) ; Tomková, Eva (referee) ; Frank, Luděk (referee)
Title: The Role of Secondary Electron Emission in Dust Grain Charging Author: Ivana Richterová Department: Department of Surface and Plasma Science Supervisor: Prof. RNDr. Zdeněk Němeček, DrSc. Abstract: This work presents a secondary emission model focused on micron and submicron dust grains. The results allowed us to predict surface potentials of grains charged by 50 eV -- 15 keV electron beams. The probability that such electrons penetrate through grains increases with their energy and decreases with a grain size and depends on a grain shape. Model predictions were experimentally verified for glass, gold, and carbon spherical grains and for lunar regolith simulants. In dusty plasmas, charge accumulated on dust grains and plasma parameters govern the ensemble dynamics. The model can be thus utilised in calculations of phenomenon in planet magnetospheres (e.g. spokes in Saturn's rings), in tokamak edge plasmas, etc. Keywords: Secondary emission, dust grains, dust charging
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What is the reraction of plant saccharide status to enhanced CO2 concentration in the atmosphere?
Bardoňová, Radka ; Lipavská, Helena (advisor) ; Lhotáková, Zuzana (referee)
During last 200 years, the concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2), one of the most important greenhouse gasses, has significantly increased. It is assumed, that by the end of this century, the concentration of CO2 will be as much as two times higher than nowadays. The changes in atmospheric concentration of CO2 are largely caused by human activity. Both direct and indirect effects of CO2 lead to changes on every level of plant body, from changes in gene expression, through changes in physiology and anatomy, to whole-plant morphology changes. Understanding of these changes and relationships between them is necessary for our conception of future 'greenhouse' world and preparation for the life in it. Growth under elevated CO2 conditions generally leads to increase of the assimilation rate. The increase in the amount of fixed carbon then usually causes an increase in carbon to nitrogen ratio and changes in carbohydrate levels in plants. A common phenomenon related to growth at elevated CO2 concentration is an excessive accumulation of nonstructural carbohydrates in leaves. This accumulation can be associated with down-regulation of photosynthesis. However, changes in carbohydrate levels can occur in other plant parts. This Bachelor thesis is focused mostly on woody species. As perennials with secondary...
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Endothelin system and the role of salt in hypertension
Čejková, Soňa ; Vaněčková, Ivana (advisor) ; Soták, Matúš (referee)
Although hypertension is studied for several decades, this problem is still not solved. Moreover, its incidence increases. Most cases of secondary hypertension is associated with the kidneys, the most important organ regulating the volume and ionic composition of body fluids. If the kidneys are damaged, or intake of salt is excessive, they are unable to fulfill their role and blood pressure (BP) increases. Especially salt contributes to secondary hypertension. Excessive salt intake increases the volume of body fluids and subsequently increases BP, and secondary act on the mechanisms regulating BP, mainly the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and endotelin (ET) system. Endothelin-1 (ET 1) is the main active peptide of the ET system. ET-1 is one of the most potent vasoconstrictors. It acts through ET receptors type A and B (ETA and ETB receptors), which belong to the family of receptors coupled with G-proteins. The effects of ETA and ETB receptors differ depending on the type of cells where they are located. For example, ETB receptors in vascular smooth muscle contribute to vasoconstriction, whereas the same receptors on endothelial cells of blood vessels mediate vasodilation (stimulating the production of NO). In the kidney, ET system affects excretion of Na+and water and contribute to the regulation...
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Effect of Trampling on the Vegetation of Dry Grasslands
Vacková, Nikol ; Horčičková, Eva (advisor) ; Husáková, Iveta (referee)
1 It has been proved that the effect of vegetation trampling (Anthropogenic and animal) significantly changed. The aim of this study was to gather available information of these changes and effects of secondary factors, particularly focusing on the dry-grasslands (Festuco-Brometea). Vegetation on trampling disturbed areas is already much lower, it has less vegetation cover and there is more bare soil. On the bare soils increases temperature and greater evaporation of water. Due to changes of climatic conditions of microhabitats the diversity of species is changing. Vegetation is not changed only on the trampling trails, but also in the surrounding area, up to a distance of 2 meters from the trail. Most vulnerable to trampling and most susceptible for changes in vegetation are moist habitats, the most resistant type of vegetation is thermophilic dry-grasslands. The behavior, abundance and intensity of browsing animals have also effect on vegetation changes. Animals during their browsing vegetation disperse seeds and plants spread beyond their natural occurance.
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Sensitizers, Acceptors and Secondary Sources of Singlet Oxygen and Their Supramolecular Complexes with Cyclodextrins
Slavětínská, Lenka
Sensitizers, Acceptors and Secondary Sources of Singlet Oxygen and Their Supramolecular Complexes with Cyclodextrins Lenka Slavětínská Disulfonated derivatives of 9,10-diphenylanthracene are known carriers of singlet oxygen. Compounds 1, 2 and corresponding endoperoxides 3, 4 form supramolecular complexes with cyclodextrins (CDs). Binding interactions were proved by UV-Vis, fluorescence and NMR spectroscopy. R1 R2 R3 O O R1 R2 R3 + 1 O2 1, 2 3, 4 R1 R2 R3 1,3 SO3Na H SO3Na 2,4 SO3Na SO3Na H O OH OH OH O O OH OH OH O OOH OH OH O O OH OH OH O O OH OH OH O O OH OH OH O O OH OH OH O CD Glu 6 7 8 Stoichiometry and binding constant Kb of complexes of 1 and 2 with CDs were determined by Job's method of continuous variations and binding isotherm analysis respectively. The modes of host-quest interaction of 1-4 with native -CD and -CD were studied by 1 H NMR and 2D NMR (ROESY). Inclusions of phenyl groups of 1-4 into the cyclodextrin cavities were found for both -CD and -CD. The mode of interaction depends on the size of the CD cavity and position of sulfo group.
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