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Proposal of systems for targeted transoprt of compounds of sweet taste
Demová, Radoslava ; Hlaváček, Viliam (referee) ; Márová, Ivana (advisor)
This bachelor thesis is focused on possibility of immobilization sweeteners on polymeric system. In the theoretical part information about sweeteners, carrier systems and the possibility of immobilization technique were reviewed. In the experimental part preparation of nanoparticles of polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) was optimized. The PHB particles were characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS). PHB particles were activated by plasma treatment. The surface morphology was studied using infrared and Raman spectroscopy. Immobilization of following substances with a sweet taste was tested: glucose, fructose, sucrose, mannitol, sorbitol and erythritol. From these compounds only sucrose was immobilized on PHB particles successfully. Prepared immobilized particles were exposed to the artificial stomach juice, intestinal juices and bile acids and amount of released sucrose was monitored. Finally, long-term stability prepared particles was measured and also the amount of sucrose released was determined.
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Comparision of leachability of heavy metals from various types of alkali-activated alumino-silicate systems
Smolková, Miroslava ; Kalina, Lukáš (referee) ; Koplík, Jan (advisor)
The work deals with the determination and comparison of leaching of heavy metals from various types of alkali-activated alumino-silicate systems (high-temperature fly ash, blast furnace slag). Such alkali activated materials are capable in their structure effectively encapsulate heavy metals, toxic chemicals or other contaminants, which can be beneficial for the environment. The aim of this work is to obtain a mixture with acceptable mechanical properties that could be useful for the inhibition of these substances. Leachability was tested according to norm ČSN EN - 12457-4, followed by analysis by ICP-OES. The structure of the matrix was investigated using SEM equipped with EDS.
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Biocatalysts based on lipases, their immobilization and characterization
Bančáková, Anna ; Voběrková, Stanislava (referee) ; Hermanová, Soňa (advisor)
Bakalárska práca sa zaoberá problematikou imobilizovaných enzýmov. V teoretickej časti sú zhrnuté najnovšie používané metódy imobilizácie, typy heterogénnych nosičov a taktiež praktické využitie imobilizovaných enzýmov v potravinárskom priemysle, medicíne, chemickej analýze, pri produkcii bionafty a bioremediácii. Uvedené sú tiež výhody a nevýhody jednotlivých metód imobilizácie (adsorpcia, zachytenie, kovalentné spojenie a zasieťovanie) plynúce z charakteru spojenia enzýmu a nosiča a výslednej aktivity imobilizovaného enzýmu. Z hľadiska nových typov heterogénnych nosičov práca konkrétne uvádza využitie grafénu, ktorý je pre svoje špecifické fyzikálno-chemické vlastnosti často používaným a skúmaným nosičom v posledných rokoch. V experimentálnej časti bola prevedená imobilizácia komerčného preparátu lipázy (RA), izolovanej z mikroskopickej plesne Rhizopus arrhizus, adsorpciou na polyetyléntereftalát, ktorý bol použitý ako nosič. U voľnej i imobilizovanej formy enzýmu boli stanovené základné parametre ako lipolytická aktivita, teplotné optimum, pH optimum a tepelná stabilita. Aktivita enzýmu bola meraná spektrofotometricky pri vlnovej dĺžke 420 nm. Ako substrát bol použitý roztok p-nitrofenyl-laurátu. U voľného aj imobilizovaného enzýmu bolo stanovené pH optimum 7,2, pokles aktivity bol zaznamenaný pri pH nad 8 a pod 6,5. Väčšia závislosť výslednej aktivity na pH prostredia bola dokázaná u imobilizovanej formy enzýmu. U voľného aj imobilizovaného enzýmu bola pozorovaná najvyššia aktivita pri teplote 30 °C. Pokles aktivity bol pozorovaný po zvýšení teploty nad 50 °C. Po dosiahnutí tejto teploty stabilita rozpustného enzýmu prudko klesala. Avšak tepelná stabilita skúmanej lipázy sa po jej imobilizácii výrazne zlepšila. Imobilizovaná forma enzýmu mala v porovnaní s voľnou formou aktivitu 3,7 %.
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Importance and utilization of cellulases
Stuchlíková, Olga ; Babák, Libor (referee) ; Omelková, Jiřina (advisor)
The theoretical part of my bachelor thesis focuses on studying plant cells and polysaccharides, from which the cell wall is made of. The main attention is held on cellulose. Secondly, cellulases and microorganisms, which produce these enzymes, are mentioned. This work also deals with the actual use of cellulases in industry and agriculture. The last chapter of the theoretical part is devoted to immobilization, immobilized enzymes and their use in practice. The practical part of my bachelor thesis focuses on determination of basic properties of commercially used enzyme Celluclast 1.5 L. The temperature and pH optimum and temperature and pH stability were determined experimentally. The attention is also held on immobilization of these cellulases on synthetically prepared carrier „Sorsilen“. Subsequently, basic characteristics were determined as well as for soluble form of commercial enzyme.
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Magnetic modification of microbial cells
BALDÍKOVÁ, Eva
Baker´s yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) were magnetically modified by three different methods, namely, surface modification by magnetic fluid, entrapment of cells into alginate and covalent immobilization on particles of magnetic chitosan. The ability of H2O2 decomposition was tested for all types of modification. It is apparent that the most amount of hydrogen peroxid was degraded by magnetic fluid - modified cells (84-95%), while the efficiency of cell which were modified by other methods was much lower (40-60%). Thanks to immobilization on particles of magnetic chitosan, we made completely new type of magnetic material, which was tested for adsorption of Crystal violet and Safranin O. It was founded that magnetic chitosan adsorbs no dyes, so all adsorption belongs to immobilized yeast. The maximum adsorption capacities were determined using Langmuire isotherm at 69,4 mg/g for Crystal violet and 99,0 mg/g for Safranin O.
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Problems of meeting the needs of immobile patients according to age brackets in the department of subsequent medical care in the hospital České Budějovice, a.s.
HAŠKOVÁ, Jindra
The bachelor thesis titled ``Problems of satisfaction of immobile patients{\crq} needs according to age groups at the subsequent care ward of Nemocnice České Budějovice a.s.{\crqq} addresses satisfaction of patients{\crq} needs that forms an integral part of comprehensive nursing care at the subsequent care ward. A large amount of these immobile patients and continuously increasing requirements for professional qualification of nurses should lead to considerations how to perform as quality and as effective work as possible. The objective of the thesis is to map out the problems of satisfaction of needs of immobile patients at the subsequent care ward of the hospital Nemocnice České Budějovice a.s. The thesis is divided into a theoretical part and a research part. The theoretical part describes the difference between a hospice and a subsequent care ward, and explains what patients{\crq} needs and the immobilization syndrome mean. The research was undertaken on 190 patients above 15 years of age at the subsequent care ward of Nemocnice České Budějovice a.s. The informants were divided into 5 age groups. Immobile patients at the terminal stage of a malign disease were not included in the research. The research was conducted in the form of a questionnaire intended for immobile clients. A pilot study was undertaken to verify comprehensibility of the questionnaire. Consequently, some questions were modified so that they were understandable for the clients. Both the questionnaires are enclosed to the thesis. The research results are provided in charts and put in a chronological order according to the questions in the questionnaire. The research confirmed that the priority in satisfaction of needs of all the clients of the subsequent care ward is the need of pain killing. Relieving oneself in the bed is unpleasant for almost all the immobile clients. Satisfaction of these needs in a correct order helps the clients to adapt to the disease and to the new environment. Satisfaction of other needs is no less important. Contentment of clients reflects in their cooperation with the whole medical team, and last but not least, has an effect on their recovery.
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