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Case study of physiotherapy care of a post-liver transplant paediatric patient
Jandová, Karla ; Satrapová, Lenka (advisor) ; Charvát, Robert (referee)
Title: Case study of physiotherapy care of a post-liver transplant paediatric patient. Aims: The aim of this bachelor's thesis is to provide a summary of the issues surrounding liver transplantation, creating a case study of a post-liver transplant paediatric, and suggesting short- term and long- term goals for therapeutic units, and an assessment of the effects of therapy. Methodology: This bachelor's thesis has been written on the basis base of my professional experience at the Institute of Clinical and Experimental Medicine in Prague from 8.1. to 2.2. 2018, where I worked with a post-liver transplant paediatric patient, and research of available resources. The thesis is divided into a theoretical and a professional part. The theoretical part deals with the anatomy and physiology of the liver and gall bladder, liver tumours, liver transplantation and subsequent physiotherapy. The case study of the patient is described in the professional part. Result: The patient exhibited considerable great progress, particularly with regard to respiration, when the patient underwent endotracheal extubation. When awake the patient was, with considerable assistance from the therapist, able to be verticalized into a sitting position. Key words: Liver, transplantation, child, physiotherapy
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Influence of fungi and their metabolites on the health status of wildgame.
BOHÁČKOVÁ, Lenka
The aim of this thesis was to evaluate the examined samples of liver tissue to find out the amount of aflatoxin in deer game. A total of 221 samples were examined for analysis purposes using the RIA method. Samples were obtained from dead and captured heads of deer game coming from private game reserves and game reserves belonging to the Forests of the Czech Republic. Samples of deer game were divided into groups according to their types, sex, and age. Sex was determined visually, and age via the development and grinding of the teeth. The highest concentration of B1 aflatoxin in liver was measured in a 6 year-old dead female (7,39 g.kg-1). According to the statistical evaluation (P <0,05), a significant difference was proven between dead and captured heads, between males and females, and even between age groups. There is a higher aflatoxin B1 concentration in dead heads´ liver, approximately in 2,12 g.kg-1 higher than in captured heads. Females´ liver proved to contain a higher concentration of B1 aflatoxin, approximately in 0,63 g.kg-1 higher than in males. Age groups have proven that the older the animals, the higher the B1 aflatoxin concentration in their liver.
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The food intake comparison of the patients with the metabolic syndrome with or without hepatosteatosis/steatohepatitis
Štičková, Zdeňka ; Macášek, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Meisnerová, Eva (referee)
Introduction: The aim of this bachelor thesis is to compare the food intake in patients with metabolic syndrome who also have Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) or Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatis (NASH). The main focus of this thesis is to observe the differences in eating habits of three different groups of patients. The first group is made up of patients with metabolic syndrome with liver steatosis (NAFLD), this group also includes two patients with metabolic syndrome without steatosis. The second group are patients with steatohepatitis (NASH). The third group are patients with normal BMI as well as obese people without any metabolic disease. The thesis is divided into two parts - theoretical and practical. The theoretical part covers the definition, causes, individual constituents, complications, prevention and therapy of the metabolic syndrome, steatosis and steatohepatitis. The practical part evaluates the diet and the eating habits of people with metabolic syndrome and the differences between patients with and without steatohepatitis. Methods: Quantitative research using questionnaires. The research group were patients from the lipid and hepatological outpatient department of the IV. Internal clinic of the General Faculty hospital in Prague. The critical discussion compares the results...
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The food intake comparison of the patients with the metabolic syndrome with or without hepatosteatosis/steatohepatitis
Štičková, Zdeňka ; Macášek, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Meisnerová, Eva (referee)
The aim of this bachelor thesis is to compare the food intake in patients with metabolic syndrome, who suffer from non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) or non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). The main aim of this bachelor thesis is to find out differences in the diet of different groups of patients comprising patients with simple obesity, patients with metabolic syndrome without steatosis, patients with metabolic syndrome with steatosis and patients with metabolic syndrome complicated by steatohepatitis. This thesis is divided into two parts - theoretical and practical. The theoretical part introduces metabolic syndrome, its definition, occurrence, etiology, complications and its prevention and treatment. The topics about pathophysiology of the liver and the definition of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease or non-alcoholic steatohepatitis are also covered. Methods: The practical part is a quantitative research in the form of questionnaires made at the 4th Internal Department at the General University Hospital in Prague. The patients met the criteria of the mentioned symptoms or diseases. The thesis compares the data from literature with the responses of the patients. We explored the question of the diet composed for example by regular intake of fermented milk products, selenium, green tea or...
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Effect of selected food supplements on metabolism of food-born carcinogens
Fousová, Petra
The consumption of dietary supplements such as flavonoids may reduce risk of many civilization diseases. Flavonoids are able to modulate the activity of cytochromes P450 (CYPs), xenobiotic-metabolising phase I enzymes of biotransformation that are involved in the activation and detoxification of food-derived carcinogens. Inhibition of CYP activities by flavonoids has been extensively studied because of their potential use as agents blocking the initiation stage of carcinogenesis. On the other hand, flavonoids have been shown to enhance the activation of carcinogens and/or influence their metabolism via induction of specific CYPs. In the first part of this study, flavonoids dihydromyricetin and α-napthoflavone were explored for their possible effects on CYP1A1 expression and activity when administered in combination with carcinogen benzo[a]pyrene (BaP). For this purpose, liver, small intestine and colon microsomal fractions were isolated from treated rats and induction of CYP1A1 was evaluated by immunodetection and EROD activity measurements. In liver and small intestine, all combinations of BaP and flavonoids led to strong induction of CYP1A1 expression. Moreover, the CYP1A1 protein levels were almost identical to levels observed when the rats were treated with BaP alone. However, in comparison...
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Pharmacological and metabolic influence on liver mitochondrial functions
Sobotka, Ondřej ; Červinková, Zuzana (advisor) ; Kuncová, Jitka (referee) ; Žurmanová, Jitka (referee)
Liver mitochondria play a crucial role in intermediary metabolism and main metabolic pathways. We evaluated the pharmacological effect on liver mitochondria in vitro using two novel anticancer drugs: 3-bromopyruvate and α-tocopheryl succinate. Metabolic influence on liver mitochondria was performed in vivo by high fat and high cholesterol diet. Toxicity of both drugs was evaluated in cell cultures of hepatocytes isolated from rat and mouse liver. The effect of anticancer drugs on liver mitochondrial functions in vitro was studied on suspensions of isolated liver mitochondria, tissue homogenate and permeabilized hepatocytes. Mitochondrial respiration was measured using high-resolution respirometry. 3-bromopyruvate caused morphological and functional damage of primary rat and mouse hepatocytes in cell cultures; this toxic effect was accompanied by an increase of reactive oxygen species production and mitochondrial dysfunction. 3-bromopyruvate decreased the oxygen consumption of mitochondria energized by substrates for complex I and complex II. α-Tocopheryl succinate caused a decrease of succinate-dependent respiration in all experimental models both in coupled and in uncoupled states. The most pronounced effect of α-tocopheryl succinate was apparent in isolated mitochondria and the least pronounced...
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Adipose tissue functional changes during postnatal development and impact of high-fat diet feeding on adipose and liver tissue
Hájková, Simona ; Bardová, Kristina (advisor) ; Hlaváčková, Markéta (referee)
Caloric intake increased over a long period of time may induce the development of obesity, causing so-called low-grade inflammation. The organism responses to the inflammation by the activation and production of cellular components of the immune system, such as macrophages or proinflammatory cytokines. The adipose tissue itself is involved in the production of bioactive molecules, including leptin and adiponectin. Increased concentration of proinflammatory cytokines can lead to a dysfunction of important metabolic pathways and impair organ's function. For the purpose of closer knowledge of the etiology of obesity and its metabolic complications, inbred strains of mice with different genetic backround are most commonly used. We aimed to define the impact of high-fat diet (HFD) on adipose and liver tissue of C57BL/6J and A/J murine strains with a different susceptibility to diet-induced obesity. We focused on description of morphological and functional changes of adipose tissue and on the evaluation of plasma leptin and adiponectin levels of mice in the early postnatal development. Next, we measured the expression of leptin mRNA in four tissues. In this study we described how the increased caloric intake leads to increased triacylglycerides (TAG) storage in the liver and to a higher inflammatory...
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Mitochondrial respiration at cold acclimated rats. Comparison of tissues.
Flégrová, Eliška ; Žurmanová, Jitka (advisor) ; Nováková, Olga (referee)
Acclimation to cold or hardening is known for many decades through its beneficial effects on human health. In contrast, sudden exposure to cold, cold shock, is a great risk of cerebral and cardiac injury, especially in the elderly. There is very little published data on the cellular and molecular mechanisms induced by cold adaptation in heart and brain. The aim of this work was to describe and compare different properties heart, liver, brain and brown adipose tissue mitochondria of rats housed at 25 ± 1 řC and at mild cold (9 ± 1 řC, 5 weeks). The high-resolution oxygraphy, spectrophotometry and Western blotting analyses were used. We found differences in the respiratory control between the heart and liver. Cold acclimation decreased activity of the Krebs cycle enzymes. Fatty acid contribution to the respiration reached the maximum in brown fat and the minimum in the hippocampus. However, further study is necessary.
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Measurement of liver metabolic profile using MR spectroscopy
Vratislavská, Hana ; Wagnerová, Dita (advisor) ; Šoltésová, Mária (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with application of MR spectroscopy for determination of metabolite signal intensities and chemical changes in human liver. Measurements were performed in a magnetic field with induction 3T using proton and dual proton/phosphorus surface coils. First we did experiments with three chemical solutions. Then we measured MR spectrums of 28 healthy volunteers who were divided into four groups by gender and body mass index (BMI). During measurements with phantoms we found out dual coil range and inappropriateness of adiabatic pulses usage. Also we realized that it would be necessary to use buffer solutions. During measurements with healthy volunteers we found out that it is necessary to narmalize signal intensities by water or total phosphate, however, it would not be necessary to use correction factors for groups comparison with different sex and BMI.
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Case study of physiotherapy treatment of a patient after liver transplantation
Hrmová, Jana ; Stupková, Michaela (advisor) ; Charvát, Robert (referee)
Author: Jana Hrmova Title: Case study of physiotherapy treatment of a patient after liver transplantation Objectives: The main aim of this thesis is to summarise the theoretical knowledge about liver transplants, with the use of evidence from a patient that had undergone a liver transplant. The thesis is written from a physiotherapeutical point of view. Methods: The thesis consists of a theoretical part and a practical part. In the general part, theoretical information about liver diseases, Wilson's disease, liver transplant and physiotherapeutic treatment are discussed. All of this information is processed based on an academic literature and other peer reviewed sources. The practical part consists of a case study with a patient after undergoing a liver transplant, and a report of their rehabilitation, which was conducted as a part of a framework of a continuous physiotherapeutic internship at the Institute of clinical and experimental medicine in Prague from 2nd to 27th January 2017. Results: The patient was in a coma during the course of treatment which significantly slowed down the progress of the therapies. As the biggest result, we achieved an increase in muscle strength and the extent of joints. Furthermore, we successfully managed to fix the hypotonus and achieved a breath stereotype. The...
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