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Giuliani's Zero Tolerance Policy and Its Effectiveness
Tršová, Andrea ; Kozák, Kryštof (advisor) ; Calda, Miloš (referee)
The topic of this thesis is the zero tolerance policing which was established in New York in the second half of the 1990s. Authors of this police approach were New York City Mayor Rudolph Giuliani and Police Commissioner William Bratton. They took their offices in 1994, when there were very high crime rates in New York. Crime rates increased mainly in the 1980s but the situation was still very serious in the beginning of the 1990s. Under Bratton, who had a political support from mayor Giuliani, the New York Police Department adopted a strict law enforcement strategy, which is also called the zero tolerance. In the following years the crime rates went down indeed, and Giuliani and Bratton claimed credit for this crime drop. However, a lot of criticism of their police approach appeared soon and many studies explained falling crime rates as a result of other factors. This paper focuses on the description of changes that took place in the New York Police Department and on the discussion about factors that might have caused the crime drop. The purpose of this paper it to explain what the zero tolerance policing is, to analyze different factors that might have had caused declining of crime rates and to consider the effect of zero tolerance on crime rates.
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Possibilities of psychological intervention in the sphere of crime prevention
Kolářová, Renata ; Netík, Karel (advisor) ; Gillernová, Ilona (referee)
This Diploma Thesis deals with crime prevention, especially with psychological aspects of this interdisciplinary field. The content of this work is divided in two main sections, theoretical and research section. The theoretical section introduces basic concepts of crime prevention, criminogenic theory and the most important psychological aspects of criminality. The research section monitors 18 selected psychological criminogenic factors that are evaluated by respondents from the professional community according to the importance for the development of delinquent behavior and according to the possibility of their elimination by psychological instruments. Recommendations of psychological interventions suitable for the elimination of criminogenic factors and a personal experience in this field are attached by research respondents too. Summary of findings provides background for the use of psychological interventions in crime prevention practice.
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Crime prevention through environmental design strategy and its use in selected Prague's localities
Fiala, Ondřej ; Šiftová, Jana (advisor) ; Šilhánková, Vladimíra (referee)
In this thesis I focus on the preventive strategy called Crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED). The aim of this strategy is to act preventively against crime and to reduce fear of crime by means of modification of the physical setting in public spaces. CPTED is theoretically based mainly on findings of crime geography, environmental criminology and architecture. After presenting this concept at the theoretical level I focus on six concrete locations in Prague. On the basis of my field research I investigate if the principles of CPTED are applied in these locations. I also refer to differences between locations, where the preventive principles were applied and locations without use of the CPTED standards. Through the use of questionnaires I try to verify if people really feel safer in places where the principles of CPTED were used. Then I observe the types of activites and the structure of people in those six examined locations. Semistructured interviews with the employees of the Prague municipal police were realised to complete the characteristics of these places. In the last part of the thesis I consider the possibilities of design adjustments in the unsuitable locations according to the CPTED principles.
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Current problems of activity of crime prevention assistants in České Budějovice
ZETOCHOVÁ, Aneta
The Bachelor thesis's topic is Current problems of activity of crime prevention assistants in České Budějovice is focused on crime prevention by the help of the crime prevention assistants programme. The programme of the Crime Prevention Assistant in České Budějovice was introduced in 2013 and works for three years currently. Many people have different opinions on this programme and that is why, I have decided to do research to find out if the programme is successful or not. In the scope of content of activity is possible that assistants contend with problems or obstacles which can worse the scope of activity. In the theoretical part I have decribed present-day situation, then I have also mentioned crime prevention in České Budějovice according to the housing estate Máj. Moreover, I have written about basic functions and activities which are part of work of crime prevention assistants and then I have compared examples of good practice with positive and negative evaluation of this programme by the public and specialists. For my practical part I have chosen qualitative research. The research questioning method was used for gaining data. The structured dialogue with open questions has been used as a technique of gaining data. Fifteen dialogues have been divided into three sections with different questions to connect the theoretical part with achievement of the main aim. I have spoken with crime prevention assistants and with interested specialists who motion stated issues. The main aim of this thesis is to capture developing structure and activities of crime prevention assistants in České Budějovice, to clarify primary difficulties and problems which keep company with this formation and to suggest some optimization recommendations.
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The impact of poverty and other factors on criminality in Czech Republic
Jarolímová, Andrea ; Rotschedl, Jiří (advisor) ; Čermáková, Klára (referee)
This work investigates the factors influencing crime in the Czech Republic. It focuses mainly on the relationship between poverty and crime. The aim is to find out what influences crime and whether poverty goes before crime. Selected problem I solved using multiple regression analysis. This work uses method of comparison among the regions, then the method of least squares. I processed the data using a single linear regression and multiple regression. I carried out the removal of certain variables, and I used only the final model to solve problem. This work shows the impact of poverty on crime in the country. Carried out the research, we found that improve the economic - social conditions (GDP growth, wage growth) has major impact on crime. The benefit of this work is to putting a simple model that can serve as a ground for further exploration.
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Analysis of crime trends in South Bohemia since the establishment of higher territorial self-governing units
TROUPOVÁ, Lucie
The thesis focuses on the analysis of trends in crime in the South Bohemian Region since the establishment of higher territorial units in terms of both theoretical and practical. The aim of this thesis was to map the evolution of crime in the South Bohemian Region in the last 14 years, and identify aspects that affect it. The theoretical part characterizes the basic concepts such as criminality, its concept, latent and registered crime or status, structure and dynamics within the crime. Further factors are defined, such as aspects influencing the development of crime, but also various types of crime, and not least the system of crime prevention. The second part of the theoretical section is aimed at defining the territorial division of the Czech Republic, and the specific characteristics of the South Bohemian Region. The practical part includes quantitative research, in which the technique of secondary data analysis was used, based on document analysis. Statistical data of the Police of the Czech Republic were selected for the research group, which were then further processed and used for the analysis of crime in the South Bohemian Region only, with an emphasis on the individually surveyed areas. Aspects influencing the development of crime have been identified and characterized in the theoretical part of their theoretical framework. The results have shown that crime did not increase by 10%, on contrary, it decreased by a total of 21.2% within the period under review. Furthermore, it was found that in each year of the investigated period, proportional representation of the various types of crime varies. The results showed biggest differences are represented in economic and violent crimes within the investigated period. The objective of my thesis has been met. I believe that the work can serve professionals to gain comprehensive information as well as study material concerning the development of crime in the South Bohemian Region .
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Forming children's behaviour by The System of Allkamp-Jitsu, againstdeliquency.
BERAN, Jan
The main topic of the thesis are the problems of modeling the children´s behavior by the system of Allkampf-Jitsu against delinquent behavior. Free time is an important part of life and education of children and youth. The main function of leisure time is relaxation, fun and personal development. The theoretical part of the thesis is focused on the definition of free time, his influence on child's development and its educational evaluation. Next part of this chapter is the introduction of martial arts Allkampf-Jitsu from the history to the present, focusing on the micro-region of Czech Budejovice. The conclusion of the theoretical part gives a definition of delinquency, delinquency factors, the concept of crime and its prevention. The research part of the thesis investigates and shows, with help of the questionnaire, the popular opinion and attitude towards children´s free time, delinquent behavior, the factors of delinquency and martial arts. The results of this research were evaluated and graphically presented. The important part of thesis is the development and realization of the project using martial arts Allkampf-Jitsu against delinquent behavior for the school-aged children.
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Juvenile deliquency, focused on the situation in the police district called Čtyři Dvory
REHÁK, Marek
The work deals with juvenile delinquency, focusing on the situation in the police district belonging to the police station Čtyři Dvory. In the thesis it is analyzed in terms the juvenile criminal code, penal responsibility, criminality, police district department, station department, OOP Čtyři Dvory. Next chapter is focused on juvenile delinquency and its analysis in the police district OOP Čtyři Dvory, comparing it with the rest of police districts in the city of České Budějovice. The final part is focused on causes of juvenile deliquency and its prevention and also mentions possible measures given to juvenile offenders.
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Family and its influence on development of a child and commission of crime
NOSKOVÁ, Tereza
The work deals with the education of children in the family and it´s influence on the overall development of personality with tendencies leading to criminal activity. Attention is paid especially on influence of incomplete family and to all related risks, kriminality of children and teenagers and possible solutions. The theoretical part is based on case studies of children who were placed in educational institutions and schools that have behavioral problems and committing crime.
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Regional differentiation of criminality in the Czech republic.
Dejmek, Jiří ; Nezdařilová, Eva (advisor) ; Macháček, Jaroslav (referee)
Tato diplomová práce se zabývá kriminologickými aspekty trestných činů v ČR se zaměřením na socio-ekonomické a prostorové charakteristiky páchané kriminality a regionální diferenciaci kriminality v ČR. Součástí diplomové práce je popis vývoje teorií objasňujících kriminalitu, tedy vývoje kriminologických přístupů, včetně současného ekonomického přístupu ke kriminalitě prezentovaného zástupci chicagské školy. Úvodní obecná analýza regionální diferenciace kriminality je v diplomové práci základním kamenem pro následnou detailní analýzu majetkové kriminality a vzájemných závislostí mezi naměřenými hodnotami majetkové kriminality a socio-ekonomickými jevy, provedené za účelem hlubšího pochopení kriminality jako sociálního fenoménu. Zároveň práce pojednává o možnostech predikce vývoje trestné činnosti a budoucích hrozeb v podobě nárůstu kriminality ve strukturálně postižených a hospodářsky slabých regionech, a také poskytuje možná doporučení, jak potenciálním hrozbám předcházet. Diplomová práce by měla poskytnout ucelený pohled na kriminalitu v ČR tak, aby se mohla stát případným podkladem pro příjímání opatření orgány veřejné správy za účelem sociální kontroly.
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