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Hodnocení experimentálních linií ječmene z hlediska tolerance k suchu a rezistence vůči padlí
Slabá, Veronika
Drought is considered as one of the most important abiotic stress factor, which can cause a severe impact on agriculture. The development of new cultivars of barley is therefore more focused on improving of abiotic stress tolerance to drought, as well as on maintaining of good health status, appropriate yield levels and quality parameters. This work was aimed at evaluation of barley cv. Tadmor, which is specifically adapted to drought and can be potentially used as a source of drought tolerance in barley breeding programmes. F5 generation lines derived from reciprocal crosses between cv. Tadmor and cv. Jersey (advanced European spring malting barley) together with parent cultivars were cultivated at two sites (Brno, Žabčice). The assessment was aimed at traits associated with yield (thousand grain weight - TGW, percentage of sieving fraction over 2.0 mm, grain yield per plant) and quality (protein and starch content). The effect of water-limited conditions at Žabčice site was demonstrated particularly in the TGW and the percentage of sieving fraction over 2.0 mm, while the lines from Tadmor x Jersey cross sustained the stress significantly better than those from Jersey x Tadmor cross. The lines grown in Žabčice reached in average a higher level of protein content and a lower level of starch content. The significant effect of genotype was detected only in protein content and was non-significant for starch. The reaction of selected lines on osmotic stress was studied in and independent experiment under controlled conditions. The plant stress reaction was evaluated according to changes in osmotic potential in leaves and accumulation of proline. Lines with Tadmor as a female parent showed higher values of osmotic potential in comparison with those derived from the reciprocal cross. The increase in osmotic potential under stress was strongly associated with the content of proline. The last part was focused on evaluation of susceptibility to powdery mildew caused by Blumeria graminis. The symptoms of powdery mildew on experimental lines were assessed in field and the lines, which were classified as resistant/susceptible, were further analysed for the presence of mlo allele. According to the results all resistant lines carried mlo9. With regard to all evaluated parameters, positive reaction on physiological drought stress and genetically controlled resistance against powdery mildew two lines can be recommended for further work.
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Analýza vybraných potravin metodou NIR
Bočková, Tereza
BOČKOVÁ, T. Analysis of selected foods by NIR, Master thesis, MENDELU in Brno, 2015, 72p. The aim of the thesis was to examine samples of regionally grown cereals, oilseeds and legumes using NIR analyzer DA 7200 and compare the results to the tables and chemical analysis. A total of 26 samples were used. For the whole, crushed and milled grains and seeds, according to the type of the sample, analysis of water, crude protein, crude fiber, crude fat and starch were made. The content of crude protein was verified by the chemical laboratory. NIR measurements showed discrepancies in the case of evaluation of individual substances for the whole, crushed and milled grains or seeds, although the same material was used and the measured values should be similar. We have detected for example crude protein content in Apache (Litava) wheat sample by NIRS analysis 129,3 +- 1,78 g.kg-1 for the whole grains, 116,5 +- 0,72 g.kg-1 for the crushed grains and 100,9 +- 2,71 g.kg-1 for the milled grains. The chemical analysis for the same sample showed the value of 120,8 g.kg-1. According to the literature, the crude protein content in wheat should be between 118 and 132,1 g.kg-1. When evaluating the characteristics of the whole, crushed and milled samples crude protein content reached 135,6 +- 8,78 g.kg-1 for the whole, 132,3 +- 9,97 g.kg-1 for the crushed and 130,5 +- 11,55 g.kg-1 for the milled samples. Given that the crude protein measurement results were in accordance with the chemical analyses and the tabular values, it is apparent that the NIR analyzer is working properly. The results of this thesis, however, bring the presumption that the device setting is now not suitable for multiple analyses of different materials.
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Industrial production of ethanol
Flajs, Roman ; Zichová, Miroslava (referee) ; Omelková, Jiřina (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with ethanol production for food and car industry. The aim of this work is to give a summary of different kinds of raw material especially lignocelluloses and microorganisms used for its processing and fermentation. The thesis focuses especially on technological process of ethanol production and the utilization of different materials for fuel production.
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Plants polysaccharides and their importance in food production
Klanicová, Barbora ; Illková, Kateřina (referee) ; Omelková, Jiřina (advisor)
Some findings about plant polysaccharides, their characteristics and structures, modifications, changes, their biosynthases, isolationes and primarily their importance in food-stuff industry are the subject matter of this review. Because of their modifications and because of the significant role they play in food-processing industry it is focused on starch and cellulose. For better understanding of whole meaning it was necessary to attend to the theme from the initiation – mainly the cell structure and then syntheses, especially photosynthesis, ways that are monosaccharides and polysaccharides generated.
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Validace nutričních parametrů uvedených na obalech vybraných potravin
Pláteníková, Markéta
The main purpose of this diploma thesis was to study legislative requirements about marking food products with nutrition labels and summarize the activities and procedures of supervising organizations connected to problematic of goods marking. One of the goals was to briefly describe technological and producing methods of selected food - ham, cheese, kephir milk, baby food with fruit, wafer, bread, wholemeal puffed bread and chocolate. Next goal was to evaluate the risks of food consumption with deceptive nutrition labels. In the practical part of this thesis I have determined quantity of saccharides, lipids, proteins and salt in selected food products by standard methods. Simple saccharides were determined by Schoorl's method and starch volume by Ewers's method. Lipids were determined by Soxhlet's extraction and after put through derivatization. In gas chromatograph (GC) were detected fatty acids. Apart from the Soxhlet's extraction was made also extraction according to Hara and Radin (1987) for comparison. Proteins were determined by method using nitrogen according to Kjehdal with adjustments according to Winkler. The amount of salt was detected analytically by argetometric precipitating titration. Determination the volume of nutritive parameters was made in three ranks of selected products. From obtained results were evaluated possible risks, which might be caused by consumption of food products with deceptively stated nutritive labels.
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Design of technological set of device for production of bioethanol with a yearly capacity up to 500 000 litres.
SLANINKA, Milan
This bachelor thesis deals with the production of bioethanol for the use as fuel. The first theoretical part describes the process of the bioethanol production from the commonly grown cereals, then it focuses on the sources and characteristics of materials that can be used for the bioethanol production, it also follows the legal burden put on such production. The other part of the thesis contains the design of the technological set of devices for the bioethanol production with a given capacity of the yearly production.
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Stewed ham - production,structure,quality
KLIMEŠOVÁ, Hana
This diploma thesis deals with questions of the present meat products market, meat products quality and the relevant legislation with focus on steamed ham. According to the present legislation ham is divided into three categories based on the content of pure muscle protein. The categories are as follows: top-grade quality ham, choice ham and standard ham. Use of starch, food colouring ingredients, fibrous additives, vegetable protein and different animal protein is not allowed with top-grade quality ham and choice ham. Within the practical part of the diploma work twenty samples of ham from all categories were examined. The tests showed that starch was not added to any top-grade quality ham or choice ham. Starch was found only in two samples of standard ham, in which starch addition is allowed by legislation.
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Hydrolysis of potatoes
VLAČIHOVÁ, Andrea
This work compares acid, alkaline and enzymatic hydrolysis of potato starch with simultaneous application of various pressures (0MPa, 0,3MPa and 1MPa). Acid hydrolysis was made by sulphuric acid of intensity 3, 6, 9 and 12 %, alkaline hydrolysis was made by sodium hydroxide of intensity 3, 6, 9 and 12 % and four enzymatic preparations for starch hydrolysis were used for enzymatic hydrolysis. Hydrolysis effect was measured via GE and added by alcohol yield. There was positive influence of increased pressure 0,3MPa and 1Mpa on hydrolysis process visible in this experiment.
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Energy reserves in \kur{Lythrum salicaria} L. over time
KUNC, Dušan
Lythrum salicaria is an invasive plant in North America. The study is focused on carbohydrate reserves (especially starch) in below-ground plant organs of the named species. These energy sources are considered as possible contributors of invasive behaviour both in short and long time periods. Another question is whether these storages can be influenced by other factors. These ideas were tested in common garden experiments.
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Ecological constraints limiting the root-sprouting ability in wetland plant species
SOSNOVÁ, Monika
Wetland plant species rely largely on vegetative reproduction. Although all types of clonal growth organs are found in wetlands, special adaptations, e.g., turions, fragmentation and budding, are more frequent in true aquatic communities. However, root-sprouting is underrepresented, although it can be beneficial under disturbed conditions. This thesis focuses on ecological constrains potentially hindering root-sprouting in wetlands. This ability was studied in a wetland herb Rorippa palustris in relation to life history, injury timing and carbon economy of a plant. In addition, plant regeneration following submergence and severe disturbance was assessed.
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