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Licenční smlouva v mezinárodním obchodě
Török, David ; Malý, Josef (vedoucí práce)
Účelem této práce je shrnutí a vysvětlení souvislostí okolo licencí, licenčních smluv a ochrany nehmotných statků vůbec, i když hlavní zaměření je na průmyslové vlastnictví, zejména vynálezy, užitné a průmyslové vzory a ochranné známky. V první části je dělení nehmotných statků a charakteristiku průmyslového vlastnictví. Další část se zabývá ochranou nehmotných statků, zejména z mezinárodního hlediska, tj. mezinárodními úmluvami a organizacemi v této oblasti. Také obsahuje porovnání ochrany ve třech hlavních světových ekonomických centrech -- Evropě, USA a Japonsku. Další část se zabývá licenčním smluvním vztahem. Od základního vysvětlení pojmu licence, přes důvody vedoucí k uzavírání takových vztahů až po postup při jednání o licenční smlouvě a její obsah podle jednotlivých ujednání včetně vzorové patentové licenční smlouvy.
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THE EFFECTS OF HIGH TEMPERATURE HELIUM GAS ON THE FRACTURE BEHAVIOUR OF ODS MA957
Rozumová, L. ; Hojná, A. ; Kalivodová, J. ; Bublíková, P. ; Hadraba, Hynek ; Di Gabriele, F.
Oxide-dispersion-strengthened steel (ODS) MA957 has been studied as a candidate material for Tritium Breeding Blanket for fusion reactors with helium coolant, where temperatures 250-650 degrees C are expected. Helium is one of type as primary coolant in High Temperature Reactor and Gas Cooled Fast Reactor with working temperature 500-1000 degrees C. \n\nThis work presents results of the study of behaviour of ODS (MA957) under influence of high temperature helium environment. Microstructure of the material and the interaction with He was investigated. The average exposure temperature was held at 720 degrees C. Subsequently, the surface changes were determined. Impact testing and material surfaces were studied in detail by means of SEM and TEM microscopy. It is essential to understand the He effect on microstructure and mechanical properties of structural materials since the He embrittlement in TBB may be significant.
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The effect of σ-phase formation on long-term durability of SUPER 304H steel
Horváth, J. ; Král, Petr ; Janovec, J. ; Sklenička, Václav
This work presents results of the analysis of phases formed in a SUPER 304H steel during a medium-term static isothermal ageing (675 degrees C/15000 h). The investigations of the precipitates were especially focused on the occurrence of sigma-phase because its formation leads to the serious embrittlement. \nThe evaluation and distribution of brittle sigma-phase were determined on macroscopic level by using light microscopy/colour etching. The microstructure was also investigated on microscopic level by scanning electron microscopes Tescan Lyra 3 and JEOL JSM 5410 equipped by electron backscatter diffraction unit and by transmission electron microscope Jeol 2100F. This work also investigates the effect of sigma-phase formation on the impact strength of an aged state of SUPER 304H steel. For comparison reasons the microstructure and the mechanical properties of the initial as-received) state were also investigated. It was found that the formation of brittle sigma-phase in the aged and therefore degraded microstructure led to the significant decrease of the impact strength. The influence of brittle sigma-phase on long-term durability of the degraded steel regarding its insufficient impact strength is discussed.
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Model for a Fluid-Particle Breakup in a Turbulent Flow.
Zedníková, Mária ; Vejražka, Jiří ; Stanovský, Petr
A model is developed for predicting the outcome of breakup of a fluid particle (bubble or drop), which is initially deformed (e.g. due to turbulence) and breaks into two daughter particles. An initially dumbbell-shaped deformation of the particle is assumed. The evolution of sizes of particle sub-parts is calculated using Rayleigh-Plesset equations, which consider the inertia of surrounding fluid, capillary action and viscous effects. The redistribution of internal fluid in the particle is calculated using Bernoulli equation. The model computes the sizes of daughter particles after the breakup. By assuming various initial conditions (various initial shapes and initial velocities of deformation), the size distribution of daughter particles is obtained. These size distributions are qualitatively compared with available experimental data and reasonable agreement is observed. Because of strong assumptions, this model cannot be used directly for accurate prediction of size distribution after a breakup. However, it provides an insight in the physics of the breakup, especially on the effect of inner phase properties.
Plný tet: SKMBT_C22017030713510 -  PDF
Plný text: content.csg - PDF
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Note on the use of Camassa-Holm equations for simulation of incompressible fluid turbulence
Caggio, Matteo ; Bodnár, Tomáš
The aim of this short communication is to briefly introduce the Camassa-Holm equations as a working model for simulation of incompressible fluid turbulence. In particular we discuss its application for turbulent boundary layer flows. This model (and related models) is studied for several years in mathematical community, starting from Leray [23]. It can be understood as a generalization of some classical fluid models (Navier-Stokes equations, Prandtl boundary layer equations), showing some interesting mathematical properties in the analysis of the behavior of it's solution (e.g. Layton and Lewandowski [22]). It has been found however, that the model predictions can lead to surprising extensions of the use of the model in technical applications, namely in simulating the turbulent fluid flows. This brief paper should be understood as an introductory note to this novel class of models for applied scientists.
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Polymeric nanofibrous scaffolds reinforced with diamond and ceramic nanoparticles for bone tissue engineering
Bačáková, Lucie ; Pařízek, Martin ; Staňková, Ľubica ; Novotná, Katarína ; Douglas, T.E.L. ; Brady, M. A. ; Kromka, Alexander ; Potocký, Štěpán ; Stránská, D.
Three types of nanofibrous scaffolds were prepared by electrospining: (1) poly(lactide-co-glycoside) (PLGA) scaffolds reinforced with 23 wt.% of diamond nanoparticles (DNPs), (2) poly(L-lactide) (PLLA) scaffolds with DNPs in concentration ranging from from 0.4 wt.% to 12.3 wt.%, and (3) PLLA scaffolds with 5 wt.% or 15 wt.% of hydroxyapatite (HAp) nanoparticles. The diameter of the nanofibers ranged between 160 and 729 nm. The nanofibers with nanoparticles were thicker and the void spaces among them were smaller. Mechanical properties of the nanoparticle-loaded scaffolds were better, as demonstrated by a rupture test in scaffolds with DNPs and by a creep behavior test in scaffolds with HAp. On PLGA scaffolds with DNPs, the human osteoblast-like MG-63 cells adhered in similar numbers and grew with similar kinetics as on pure PLGA scaffolds. Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells grew faster and reached higher population densities on PLGA-DNP scaffolds. However, on PLLA-based scaffolds, the activity of mitochondrial enzymes and concentration of osteocalcin in MG-63 cells decreased with increasing DNP concentration. On the other hand, the metabolic activity of MG-63 cells and content of osteocalcin in these cells were positively correlated with the HAp concentration in PLLA scaffolds. Thus, PLGA nanofibers with 23 wt% of DNPs and PLLA nanofibers with 5 and particularly 15 wt.% of HAp seem to be promising for bone tissue engineering.
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Vliv aplikace bioefektorů na přístupnost fosforu v substrátu a na výnosy rajčat
Beranová, Martina ; Kulhánek, Martin (vedoucí práce) ; Hanč, Aleš (oponent)
V České republice se v několika posledních letech více snažíme zaobírat zvýšením efektivity příjmu fosforu pro rostliny ve směru zvýšení jeho přístupnosti. V našich podmínkách zemědělství můžeme tvrdit, že fosfor se pro rostliny stává nedostatkovou živinou. Většina půdního P je zabudována v obtížně rozpustných sloučeninách, omezujících možnosti jeho příjmu. Proto vznikají technologie schopné fosfor pro rostliny zpřístupnit. Jednou z těchto technologii jsou tzv. Bioefektory.
Cílem práce bylo prokázat účinnost bioefektorů na zvýšení mobility fosforu a ostatních vybraných živin v půdě chudé na P a tím i zvýšení výnosů a odběrů živin rajčaty.
V rámci práce byly použity bioefektory obsahující následující mikroorganismy: Trichoderma harzianum, kmen T22, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, kmen FZB42 (RhizoVital), Pseudomonas sp. (Proradix) a kombinace Trichodermy harzianum s Bacillus subtilis s přidanými mikroprvky Zn a Mn (Combifector). Byl sledován vliv přidaných bioefektorů na výšku, hmotnost nadzemní hmoty a výnos plodů rajčat; obsah přístupných makroprvků a vybraných mikroprvků v substrátu a dále pak celkový obsah makroprvků a vybraných mikroprvků v plodech rajčat.
Z výsledků nádobových pokusů s rajčaty realizovaných ve skleníku ČZU v Praze, můžeme vyvodit následující tvrzení: a) ve většině sledovaných parametrů nebyly zaznamenány statisticky průkazné rozdíly mezi variantami, b) obsah hořčíku v substrátu byl průkazně vyšší u varianty Trichoderma ve srovnání s variantou Proradix, avšak pouze při nízké hladině významnosti 0,05, c) celkový obsah síry v plodech u varianty Trichoderma, byl průkazně nižší ve srovnání s variantami Proradix a Combifector, a to při hladině významnosti 0,01.
Závěrem lze konstatovat, že aplikace bioefektorů ve většině případů nevedla ke statisticky průkazné změně sledovaných parametrů. Stále je však nutné hledat strategie pro efektivnější využívání půdního fosforu i fosforu z dodaných hnojiv. Proto lze pro další výzkum doporučit zejména testování bioefektorů v půdách s různými vlastnostmi a hlubší mikrobiologické rozbory, sloužící k pochopení mechanismů účinnosti a k určení životaschopnosti produktů.
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The role of sonication of PEO solutions with magnetic nanoparticles on morphology of the resulting nanofibrous mats
Peer, Petra ; Stěnička, M. ; Filip, Petr ; Pizúrová, Naděžda ; Babayan, V.
Properties of the resulting polymer nanofibres are often tailored by sonication technique applied prior or past an electrospinning process. The aim of this contribution is to evaluate morphology of nanofibrous mats formed by poly(ethylene oxide) with distributed magnetic nanoparticles (about 20nm in diameter) in dependence on time of sonication of the used polymer solutions. The solutions were exposed to sonication (intensity 200W, frequency 24 kHz) for 10, 30, and 60 minutes. It was shown that rheological characteristics (viscosity, storage and loss moduli) strongly depend on time of sonication (particularly phase angle) in contrast to electric conductivity and surface tension. For analysis of homogeneous distribution of magnetic field and magnetorheological efficiency (a relation of corresponding ciscosities) was process of electrospinning and resulting wuality of the obtained nanofibrous mats.
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On the recirculation zone suppression behind HUMP profile using the DBD actuator
Procházka, Pavel P. ; Uruba, Václav
Previously, the DBD (dielectric barrier discharge) plasma actuator was used in rectangular channel to modify the properties of the boundary layer in spanwise and in streamwise orientation. The actuator was redesigned for using on the surface of the Glauert-Goldschmied body in different position to influence the point of the separation and the reattachment point as well as the total extent of the separation bubble. The most intensive effect occurs when the actuator takes effect in the point of separation. Further downstream, the ionic wind produced by DBD causes complex coherent structures in the wake for spanwise orientation in both direction. The effect of streamwise orientation is studied also. Actuator is operated in steady regime to produces continuous ionic wind as well as in unsteady regime when the vortex street is generated. The properties of vortex street is given by modulation parameters (frequency and duty cycle). The effect of these parameters on the wake is evaluated. This experiment is realized in the perspex channel connected to the blow-down wind tunnel. The HUMP profile is flush-mounted to the bottom side. The wire electrode of the actuator is situated in x/L = 0.63, 0.66, 0.69 and 0.72 of the chord length. The time-resolved PIV (Particle Image Velocimetry) is used as a main measurement technique. The flow field behind the profile is captured in longitudinal plane as well as in cross-section planes using 3D PIV. The results based on statistical quantities will be presented in this paper. More, next part will be devoted to the decomposition analysis of the flow dynamics (BOD, OPD).
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