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Influence of isothermal exposure on microstructural changes resulting in delamination of eutectic Al2O3+ZrO2+SiO2 thermal barrier coatings
Jech, D. ; Čelko, L. ; Chráska, Tomáš ; Slámečka, K. ; Klakurková, L. ; Dubský, Jiří ; Švejcar, J.
Eutectic ceramic Al2O3-ZrO2-SiO2 also termed Eucor (as a top coat) and CoNiCrAlY (as a bond coat) coatings were sprayed onto the surface of recently developed fine-grained cast polycrystalline nickel-based superalloy Inconel 713 LC by means of water stabilized plasma (WSP) and atmospheric plasma spraying (APS) techniques, respectively.Specimens were subjected to isothermal oxidation at 1050 °C for 10, 50, 100, 200 and 500 hours in ambient atmosphere,prior to which a half of the as-sprayed specimens was annealed at the temperature of 950 °C for 10 hours.Influence of short-time and long-time isothermal exposure on interactions at the bond-coat/top-coat interface was studied.The uniform and continuous oxide layer,also termed the thermally grown oxide (TGO),was formed and grew at the bond-coat/top-coat interface in all samples, both with and without the heat pre-treatment. Relationship between the dwell time, heat treatment and TGO growth kinetics was quantified.Microstructural changes
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Mechanical and chemical properties of plasma sprayed bronze CuAl10 coating on magnesium and magnesium alloy AZ91
Kubatík, Tomáš František ; Vilémová, Monika ; Mušálek, Radek ; Janata, Marek
The most common magnesium alloy AZ91 is widely used as a structural material, but its use is limited at higher temperatures and high humidity. Plasma spraying is a technology that allows to prepare protective metallic and nonmetallic coatings on a wide variety of substrates including magnesium and its alloys. In this study, CuAl10 was plasma sprayed on magnesium and magnesium alloy AZ91 with the aim to study corrosion resistance of the magnesium substrates. The work focuses on optimization of the plasma spraying process, on chemical composition of the coatings, on interface between the coating and substrate, as well as on adhesive strength of the coatings. The coating were deposited after two passes of the spraying torch resulting in thickness of 150 micro m on magnesium substrate and 110 micro m on AZ91 substrate. Chemical microanalysis showed that deposition of CuAl10 alloy on magnesium results in formation of an intermetallic layer at the interface. The layer provides a
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Radiation Transfer of Energy in Arc Plasma
Bogatyreva, Naděžda ; Kapička, Vratislav (referee) ; Jeništa,, Jiří (referee) ; Bartlová, Milada (advisor)
Hlavním cílem práce je studium radiačního přenosu energie v termálním plazmatu pomocí aproximační metody sférických harmonických funkcí (PN-aproximace). Práce má teoretický charakter. Pozornost je věnována především P1-aproximaci. Spektrální závislost absorpčních koeficientů byla zpracována pomocí multigroup aproximace. Byl vytvořen výpočetní program pro výpočet radiačních charakteristik v izotermickém válcovém plazmatu a ve válcovém plazmatu s daným teplotním profilem, a vypočteny radiační charakteristiky pro plazma vzduchu a směsí SF6 a PTFE. Získané výsledky umožňují zahrnout radiační ztráty energie do celkové energetické bilance plazmatu elektrického oblouku. Jsou využívány v matematických modelech elektrického oblouku, které vytváří naši spolupracovníci z Ústavu fyziky plazmatu AV ČR v Praze a také ze zahraničních pracovišť (ABB Corporate Research ve Švýcarsku a Siemens AG Corporate Technology v Německu).
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Usage Local Light Radiation for the Diagnostic Method of Photovoltaic Cells
Dolenský, Jan ; Šály, Vladimír (referee) ; Unčovský,, Marek (referee) ; Vaněk, Jiří (advisor)
This thesis is focused on the area of analysis and diagnostic of monocrystalline solar cells, using local light radiation. Main goals of this thesis are focused on explanation of generation and behavior microplasma in solar cell, in dependence of temperature and reversed bias voltage. As a next focus of this thesis is strong regions of microplasma sources, analyzed by scanning electron microscope and a detailed analysis of edge and surface structure is made. The influence of the environment (air pressure, level of vacuum and nitrogen gas) on the microplasma generation and behavior is observed in the vacuum chamber of electron microscope. The results from microplasma method are correlated with noise diagnostic method and on the base of these results are set a new thesis and mathematical equations for the defects behavior in different conditions. The outcomes of the research are shared with the manufacturer od silicon solar cells, Solartec s.r.o. company. It is the advanced diagnostic methods that allow improving the quality of the production process, through early detection of individual groups of defects.
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Behaviour of ferroelectrics in an electric field
Krejčí, Josef ; Rozsívalová, Zdenka (referee) ; Frk, Martin (advisor)
The submitted thesis describes characteristics and use of ferroelectric materials which find their utilization in electrotechnical and electronics industry. The thesis is mainly aimed at their behaviour in the electrical field at various intensity and also focuses on their diagnostic methods. The method using an oscilloscope is selected as the most suitable and described here in more detail. Measuring laboratory workplace for detection of characteristics of ferroelectric materials in the electrical field has been innovated with available equipment and then its utility has been verified. Temperature and electric tension dependence of components of complex permittivity and electric condition of the material has been scaled using selected samples of ferroelectrics. A text in an electronic form has been integral part of the thesis. The text can be used as an instruction manual for laboratory trainings.
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Diagnostics of neurodegenerative diseases by means of Raman spectroscopy
Klener, Jakub ; Kopecký, Vladimír (advisor) ; Matějka, Pavel (referee)
Therapies of neurodegenerative diseases are often very difficult and their success depend on an early diagnose. From that reason we have been developing new diagnostic method for multiple sclerosis and Alzheimer disease by drop coating deposition Raman (DCDR) spectroscopy of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in this work. We found out conditions of measurements, where spectra were reproducible and accepted for standard diagnostic practices. We discovered that CSF has fast degradation at a room temperature, which was detectable in spectra after 5 hours, and degradation due to refreezing. DCDR spectra of CSF from individual patients were analyzed by factor and cluster analysis. Multiple sclerosis was manifested by lower intensity of a Raman band at 1080 cm−1 , which is probably connected with more general pathologic state. Spectral changes caused by Alzeheimer disease were more complex and beside changes mentioned above also changes connected with composition and conformation of proteins were identified in regions 1200-1800 cm−1 and 2870-2950 cm−1 . Additionally, we succeeded in distinguishing of young healthy patients from older patients in DCDR spectra. In this work were checked up, that DCDR is good diagnostic method for clinical practices for determining neurodegenerative diseases through the complex...
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THE INVESTIGATION OF AN Al7075 ALLOY PREPARED BY SPARK PLASMA SINTERING OF MILLED POWDERS
Molnárová, O. ; Málek, P. ; Nemeth, G. ; Kozlík, J. ; Lukáč, František ; Chráska, Tomáš ; Cinert, Jakub
Atomized powder of an Al7075 alloy was high energy ball milled at room and cryogenic temperatures and compacted by spark plasma sintering (SPS) method. The influence of processing parameters on phase composition and microstructure was studied by X-ray diffraction, light and scanning electron microscopy. The mechanical properties were characterized by microhardness measurements. The atomized powder contained a large volume fraction of intermetallic phases located predominantly in continuous layers separating cells or dendrites in the interior of individual powder particles. Consolidation by SPS destroyed partially this morphology and replaced it by individual particles located at boundaries of original powder particles, at cell boundaries or arranged in chains in previous dendritic regions. High energy milling destroyed most intermetallic particles and enriched the matrix by solute atoms. The high deformation energy introduced into the powder during milling enhanced microhardness up to 220 HV. Consolidation of milled powders by SPS led to the formation of very fine-grained structure with the grain size even below 1 μm and with the fraction of high-angle boundaries about 0.9. Two main types of heterogeneously distributed precipitates were found. The irregularly shaped precipitates with a size about 1 μm seemed to encompass areas with rod like nano-precipitates in most samples. A drop in microhardness to 118HV was observed after SPS, predominantly due to a release of introduced deformation energy.
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Power Inverter Online Diagnostics
Knobloch, Jan ; Chlebiš,, Petr (referee) ; Drábek,, Pavel (referee) ; Klíma, Bohumil (advisor)
This doctoral thesis focuses on the problems of IGBT failure prediction in pulse converters using measurable changes of selected parameters (so--called trending variables) being influenced of transistor degradation during aging. Firstly the state--of--the--art in this field is presented in the dizertation. The description of designed and constructed automated measurement stand follows, enabling monitoring and recording of switching processes during accelerated aging. Further the problems of high--bandwidth measurement of electrical quantities during IGBT switching are described. Especially the problems of current sensing are analyzed and the most suitable sensor is selected. The data recorded using the developed apparatus served to identify potential trending variables allowing the failure prediction. Here the dependence of trending variables on aging and on parasitic influences (current, temperature, voltage) had to be distinguished. Finally the evaluation of trending variables is performed. Their insignificant sensitivity on accelerated aging is shown which complicates their practical implementation for the purpose of failure prediction.
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Influence of operational conditions on spray characteristics of twin-fluid atomizers
Zaremba, Matouš ; Lízal, František (referee) ; Jedelský, Jan (advisor)
This master’s thesis deals with measurement of spray characteristics of Effervescent atomizers intended for burning waste and heavy fuels. Atomizers were tested on cold test bench by means of Phase Doppler Anemometry. Spray characteristics were evaluated for many different regimes of pressure, temperature and Gas to liquid ratio. The aim of this measurement is to compare flow regimes and their influence on the quality of spray characteristics. The theoretical part describes basic fundamental principles of liquid atomization, effervescent atomization and principles of laser diagnostic methods. The practical part is engaged with improvements in test bench and setting up and optimization of the laser measuring system. Results contain visualization of spray, velocity profiles and drop size distribution in various operating flow regimes of the jet.
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Quantification of Elements in Plant Materials by Electrothermal Vaporization Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry
Šerá, Luisa ; Matějková, Stanislava ; Mestek, O.
This paper describes optimization and validation of operating conditions of electrothermal vaporization (ETV) inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) method for quantification of Ba, Ca, Co, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, P, Sr and Zn in plant materials. Besides the optimization of the temperature program, the selection of the gaseous modifier and the spectral wavelengths to be measured, it was studied how the sample quantity affects the result quality of the developed method. During the validation process, the accuracy and precision of the method were checked by analysis of a certified reference material. Limits of detection were estimated by analyses of blank samples. For almost all previously mentioned elements, the method meets requirements commonly applied on analyses by ETV combined with ICP-OES.
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