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Posing problems with a given structure by pre-service teachers
Hošpesová, A. ; Tichá, Marie
Posing problems of given structure is considered as a way of fostering teachers’ competence. We work with schemas from two perspectives: (a) schema as visualization of process of problem solving, (b) schema as representation of the structure of problem. We focused on the question: What problems do students pose if they are given a branched chain which represents the structure problem or solving procedure? Findings of ongoing research from work with teacher students are given.
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Methods of appointing the Government: Study 1.228
Kuta, Martin ; Němec, Jan ; Pecháček, Štěpán
The paper compares the process of nomination of then-to-be prime ministers in parliamentary and semi-presidential systems in which the existence of government depends strictly on the confidence vote expressed by the Parliament. The possibility of the Head of State to form the government poses questions to which extent the prime minister nominee may differ from the will of the parliamentary majority. The respective variations of the nomination process are assessed in terms of advantage for either the Head of States, or the Parliament. On the one hand, the paper shows those procedures in favour of Parliament; on the other hand, the paper also contains those procedures in which the president may act independently on the will of the parliamentary majority. The paper also discusses incentives that influence actors to reach an agreement on personal composition and programme of the government. In the last section, the paper depicts the process of governmental composition in the Czechoslovak and Czech political system with concentration on constitutional convention of prime minister nomination after 1989.
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Influence of Deep Stabilization System of the Spine for snoring and sleep apnea syndrome
KOKOŠKOVÁ, Lucie
The Bachelor's thesis questions matter of possibility to decrease apnoic pause or reduce snoring exposures via activation of Deep Stabilization System of the Spine. Findings about sleep, it's particular periods and processes in it, are written in theoretical section. The next topics outlined are snoring issues and sleep apnoe syndrome including available medical options and diagnostical methods. Deep stabilization system, his important structures and ways how to influence it are furthermore described in the text. Three subjects affected by different level of the problem were chosen and resesearched through qualitative method for practical purpose of the thask. Each subject underwent anamneses determination and kinesiology analysis. The procedure was made with usage of polysomnographical apparatus borrowed from Budweis Laboratory of Sleep. To compare results, objects were measured before and after therapy. The final evaluation is inscribed in the practical part of the Bachelor's thesis. Despite performed therapy and Deep Stabilization System of the Spine activation, there were no improvements with the snoring and sleep apnoe syndrome, therefore the thesis has no use in further studying or treatment options. Examined problem has more deeper and complex bases than muscle neck unbalance.
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The issue of self monitored glycemia
ŠTANGLOVÁ, Radka
The blood glucose level is called a glycemia. The glycemia is reduced by using the insulin and increased by the glucagon, the cortizol, the growth hormone and the catecholamine. The glucose is produced in the intestines by some mechanisms. The glucose that is not used is stored in the liver and later it is released (Lébl, Průhová, 2004). The fundamental value is considered to be 3,3 6,6 mmol/l (Kapounová, 2007). The main aim of this work is if the clients are adequately educated on an importance of the self-monitoring of the blood glucose by their doctors. Another aim is to find out how their follow a procedure of the collection of the blood glucose. For determining the following aims were chosen these research questions: To what extent are provided information to clients? What a form are provided some information to clients? What is a procedure implemented by clients during a collection of the blood glucose meter? Do clients adhere to principles of the collection during taking the blood glucose with the blood glucose meter? What are frequent shortcomings in the process during taking the blood glucose?
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Failure of nurses in the care of patients
MUSILOVÁ, Saskie
Theoretical basis: Every patient has the right to safe nursing care. If health care professionals make mistake, it is perceived very negatively by the health care professional and the general public. Objective: I specified three object of research in this thesis. The first one is to find out, how nurses face to providing care fails. The second one is, what are they able to do to avoid faults. And the last one is, how can they solve this situations, is described in this thesis. Research questions: The question, which could be answered, were specified. I asked with first question, how could nurses solves the situation when the nursing fail is happened. the second one is, which fails are most common, in nurses opinion. And the last one is, how could nurses faces their own fails? Methods used: To achieve the main research was used the qualitative research, in form of semistructured dialogues. Results: Results which emerged from the interviews were transcribed and arranged subsequently and after that were results categorized.In the research work, I have also dealt with the most common errors in internal and surgical department. The most common mistakes on both departments were: nurses prepared the wrong medication, they have not identified and brought wrong cure for the patient, performing occasional incompetent performance. On the internal medicine department most frequently occurring errors as failure of standard procedures for the exercise of individual performance, due to simplify the work. The surgical ward nurse overwritten in the documentation office for the doctor, who then signed. The most common cause of error is the human factor, when during a hectic day nurses feel stress and tideness. Conclusions and Recommendations for Practice: This research may serve as a reference for nurses practice what to do if the nurse is forced from higher positions perform incompetent performance. Furthermore, nurses can learn and realize their most frequent errors in the department. And based on advices, which are given in this work to avoid it.
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Premedical care for patients with methanol intoxication
KŘENEK, Jan
Intoxication through methanol is a relatively less frequent type of poisoning, which can lead even to a serious damage to the human body; can cause loss of vision as well as permanent infliction of the central nervous system. And also the death of the afflicted person is possible with late treated conditions. The methanol metabolites are quilted for the damage of the human body - mainly formic acid that is why the therapy of this health and life-threatening condition is mostly focused on the metabolism of methanol. The theoretical part deals with pre-medical that is pre-hospital emergency care of patients with a methanol intoxication. The first chapter deals with the pre-hospital emergency care, a medical rescuer and his competencies, and the ambulance crew is listed here as well. Furthermore, the theoretical part of the thesis deals with the acid-base balance, metabolic acidosis, but also involves the Toxicological Information Centre. The next chapter explore methanol and its characteristics and the history of methanol in the course of the human civilisation. It explains the metabolism of methanol and highlights the symptoms of acute and chronic methanol intoxications. The last chapter is directly focused on first aid in this state provided by a layman; and on the treat methanol intoxication in terms of pre-hospital emergency. Last but not least, it is also concerned with the effects of the methanol intoxication. The practical part of the thesis is focused on mapping the activities of a paramedic in a pre-medical care of a patient with a methanol intoxication and on determination the level of awareness of laity as well as the clients of the sobering-up station for this type of poisoning. As well as a laity with help of anonymous questionnaires. The research survey was conducted through the quantitative method among the paramedics. The amount of the data was collected during the March 2015. The research group were the randomly choired laymen and clients of the sobering-up station and the paramedics working in the Emergency Medical Services of South Bohemia Region at the regional centres of Strakonice, Písek, Prachatice, Český Krumlov and Jindřichův Hradec. The anonymous questionnaire was distributed to the above stated regional centres in the number of 100 pieces, for the laity in the same number and 10 pieces for the sobering-up station in České Budějovice. The questionnaire for the paramedics contained a total of 18 questions. The first four questions were the ones of stratification, the questions no 5 to 18 were closed and directly addressed the issues concerning the provision of pre-hospital emergency care in methanol intoxication, whereas the hypothesis no. 1 was confirmed. The questionnaire for the laity in itself contained a total of 14 questions. The first three questions were of socio demographic character. The fourth question was closed and crucial to the continued questionnaire. The question no. 5 was semi-open and remaining questions no. 6 to 14 related to determine the level of awareness among the laity methanol intoxication. The results are processed into clear graphs and the related hypothesis no. 2 was also confirmed. The first goal was to map the activity of a paramedic in a pre-medical care of a patient with a methanol intoxication. The second objective was to determine the level of awareness of the laity of this intoxication. Both the objectives have been met. The statistical method of processing a research survey showed that paramedics are knowledgeable in the procedures of pre-medical care for patients with a methanol intoxication and that lay people are informed of this intoxication, but would welcome more active involvement of experts in informing society about this issue. Based on the results of the work an information leaflet was produced for the lay and paramedics in the field of alcohol intoxication.
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Analysis EKG by paramedic in pre-hospital care
KOLLNEROVÁ, Kateřina
This Bachelor thesis deals with the issue of monitoring and evaluation of electrocardiography (ECG). The monitoring of ECG belongs to the basic diagnostic methods of heartbeat. It is also irreplaceble in prehospital emergency care (PEC). That is why a paramedic must be sure in manipulation with the ECG machine and he or she must faultlessly distinguish typical deviations in ECG curve, especially in case of life-threatening and frequent arrhythmia because a proper treatment in PEC usually has a decisive influence on a patient´s life. In the theoretical part of the thesis I dealt with basic knowledge about the anatomy and physiology of heart. Then I focused on electrocardigraphy as a basic diagnostic method, I mentioned various types of ECG and described ECG machine used in PEC. I also delineated electrodes and downspouts and their classification. I added a procedure of monitoring ECG by means of defibrillation electrodes and by means of downspouts. In the next chapter I dealt with physiological ECG curve, its description and assessment of cardiac rhythm. A considerable part of the theoretical part is devoted to heart rhythm disorders and classification of these disorders. In the last charter I mapped options of heart rhythm disorders treatment pharmacological as well as therapy without drug application. The research part of the thesis is based on qualitative and quantitative form of research. Data were gained by method of interview and by additional knowledge test designated for paramedics from the South Moravian Region. The interviews were carried out with paramedics from the Emergency Medical Service of the South Moravian Region. The additional test consists of 16 open as well as closed questions. Results of the research were processed and depicted by means of bar charts. These express numerical value of the research results. The main aim of the thesis was an analysis of paramedics´ procedure when evaluating ECG curve. The minor aim of the thesis was to map a paramedic´s knowedge in te field of ECG curve evaluation. The theoretical part of the thesis can be used as a study material for paramedic students and also for students of other medically-oriented branches who study the issue of ECG. On the basis of the thesis results a manual was made out which could simplify the evaluation of ECG curves.
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An algorithm of care about drowning people from the perspective of paramedics
BAKULE, Petr
This bachelor thesis which is titled An algorithm of care about drowning people from the perspective of paramedics deals with the procedure in prehospital emergency care about drowning people. The procedure of rescue is meant here as an initial technical rescue of a drowning person from the water and then follow-up medical care. At the beginning of the theoretical part there is the definition of drowning and the division of drowning and getting drowned. After that there is the slightly detailed description of the pathophysiology of drowning where the processes that occur in drowning are mapped. There is also mentioned the statistics of drowning and prevention of drowning. Furthermore the material and technical equipment for the rescue of a drowning with water rescue and emergency medical services are processed. This chapter outlines the basic utilities for needs of drowning person of water rescue and emergency medical services. The described equipment is briefly defined and there are highlighted some benefits of life-saving utilities. The last part of the theoretical work is in details. I dealt there with the algorithm of care about drowning people and there is properly shown the exact procedure of rescue of drowning person from the first noticing to the post-resuscitation treatment. The aim of this bachelor thesis was to map the process of pre-hospital care of emergency medical services and water rescue from drowning and map material and technical equipment of water rescue and emergency medical services. In the research part of the thesis was used qualitative method of interviewing with prepared questions. Interviews were given by respondents from the Czech Red Cross Water Rescue Service and Emergency Medical Services from the South Bohemia. Questions were especially about the procedure of rescue of drowning person and about the equipment for rescue from drowning. Both the above-mentioned objectives of the work were done. The result is the exact procedure of pre-hospital emergency care from drowning with water rescue and emergency medical services. Then I maped material and technical equipment of water rescue and emergency medical services for needs of drowning person. This work includes two different views on the process of pre-hospital emergency care in the condition of drowning. It turned out that both rescue IRS coincides in certain procedures or in usable equipment. There were also distinct variances in procedure of rescue and the usage for the rescue of drowning people. The interviews also created recommendations for extension of the material and technical equipment for the rescue of drowning person.
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State Budget Procedure in Parliaments of Selected EU Countries: Study 1.162
Částek, Michal ; Palán, Josef
This comparative study analyses the procedure for adopting the draft State Budget in the Parliaments of selected member states of the European Union (Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Great Britain, Portugal, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Sweden). The aim of this study is to outline the possibility for deputies, deputy groups and parliamentary groups to present amendments to the draft State Budget (for example, to present amendments to the total revenues and expenditures, to the structure of the expenditure side etc.). In the United Kingdom and in the Nordic countries, the Governments have a strong competence in budgetary matters and in the process of voting on the budget in the Parliaments, the deputies have limited competence to table amendments to the draft State Budget. Moreover, deputies of coalition parties in the above mentioned countries tend to fully respect the Government proposal and do not submit amendments during discussions in Parliament. On the other hand, deputies in countries such as Belgium, the Slovak Republic and Estonia can have an impact on the state expenditure of the Budget during the voting procedure and in committee discussions; this is evidenced by the fact that the sum of all approved deputy proposals amending the draft State Budget for 2005 exceeded 1 per mille of their GDP. In most other countries, amendments may be tabled by MPs, deputy groups or parliamentary groups. Only in Sweden may amendments to the proposed state budget be submitted only by deputy groups or parliamentary groups (individual MPs can not submit amendments).
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Identification and risk assesment in nurcing care
LUDÁNYIOVÁ, Sabina
Theoretical base: Safety of the Healthcare personnel is one of the key aspects in the good and safe care of patients. There are many risks threatening nurses while doing their daily job. It's necessary to perform a detailed identification, analysis and assessment of these risks. These processes lead to improved work life of general nurses and clients' stay in the healthcare facility. Important s of the theoretical part are chapters concerning the accreditation and certification of the healthcare facilities helping to achieve safe environment. Objective: The objective of this study is to identify risks for nurses while performing their medical profession, to analyze the problem of their physical workload, nosocomial infections and the risk of sharps injuries. Another objective is to describe preventive mechanisms of compliance with work safety standards and how they are perceived by nurses. The main objective is to analyze the overall standpoint of nurses towards risks in a way to show their individual perception. Methods: Form of qualitative research was chosen with in-depth interviews in order to fully understand risk perception of nurses. Thanks to using the pre-prepared thoughtful open questions, a number of extensive answers could be collected that illustrate various themes of work. After processing the interviews a subsequent coding and categorization of data took place. These categories have also been used for a survey of the results in the discussion. Participants: Intentionally ten nurses of different ages, length of service, department, and finally, opinions and standpoints have been chosen. Interviewed nurses are working in one of the hospitals in Central Bohemia. Size of the study sample was determined by theoretical saturation of data. Results: The results of the research are divided into seven categories, according to the data. Nurses are aware of the risks they face. They are able to name, describe risky behavior and prevention mechanisms that prevent the onset of these risks. Nurses demonstrated basic knowledge regarding nosocomial infections, but in the barrier care there is still room for a deeper understanding of the mechanisms and approaches that can help to reduce the frequency of nosocomial infections. Nurses are also aware of the risks that arise from excessive physical workload and they tend to eliminate them through sports. Another risk that nurses realized and considered as the most threatening, is the risk of sharp objects injuries. Although aware of this fact, the research shows that nurses do not comply with the preventive measures, despite they know them. Nurses have a rather negative attitude towards training regarding health and safety at work. This is due to poor quality in processing of such trainings. They have a positive attitude towards education, but they realize that trainings for general nurses which might be interesting are not for free and they take place usually during their free time. Conclusions and recommendations for practice: This work highlights the weak points in this topic and tries to look into the attitudes, feelings and concerns of nurses, which are related to the riskiness of such profession. Nurses should be aware of their importance to society and should take responsibility not only for performed procedures, but also for their own safety. Among the recommendations, which could minimize the risks associated with the performance of nursing profession, is the implementation of rigorous training of health and safety at work and quality of training provided by healthcare facilities.
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